义乌城市防护绿地建设的宏观生态途径

“义乌盆地”的地理和气候易造成污浊空气在城市内沉积,也不利于外围新鲜空气进入城区。义乌在建设了大量的城市防护绿地的同时,选择了一条独特的宏观生态途径,理顺和打通了城市进气和排气通道,并进一步提出完善城市防护绿地宏观生态体系的几点举措。     

芦荟冷冻干燥的最佳工艺参数的试验研究

芦荟冷冻干燥工艺参数试验研究旨在确定最优的冻干工艺参数，以提高芦荟的干燥效率和改进干燥品质。通过单因素试验以及四因素五水平的二次回归正交试验，研究了冻干室压力、加热板温度、预冻降温速度和物料厚度对冻干时间的影响；建立了各因子与冻干时间关系的回归数学模型；最后利用非线性优化理论与方法，在保证芦荟干燥品质的前提下，得到了芦荟(厚度6～9 mm)冷冻干燥的最佳工艺参数为：干燥室压力108 Pa，加热板温度38～39℃，降温速率-0.47～-0.35℃/min，干燥时间为6～7 h。     

Benzophenone glycosides and epicatechin derivatives from Malania oleifera

A new benzophenone C-glycoside, malaferin A (1), and two new epicatechin derivatives, malaferin B (2) and malaferin C (3), together with five known compounds were isolated from Malania oleifera. In addition, (-)-epicatechin-3-O-benzoate (6) was isolated for the first time from a natural resource. Structures of 1-3 were determined on the basis of their spectroscopic methods, including 1D and 2D NMR techniques. All of the compounds were evaluated for anti-HIV activities.     

果树栽植机光电定株距装置的设计与试验

针对果树栽植过程中株距难以控制的问题,考虑到现有的果树栽植机定株距存在结构复杂、制造成本高及受土壤滑移率影响较大等问题,设计了一种光电定株距装置,可以避免土壤滑移率对株距的影响,保证栽植果树株距的一致性,且可实现株距连续可调,满足不同果树栽植时对株距选择的要求。针对试验中出现的部分株距较设计值有所偏差的问题,分析了原因并提出了优化方案。试验结果表明:果树栽植机光电定株距装置栽植合格率92.5%,平均栽植深度合格率为92.9%,在1.7m栽植株距下,株距变异系数为5.9%,满足现代标准果园机械化生产要求。     

乳源抗高血压活性肽作用机理及构效关系研究进展

乳源抗高血压活性肽以其安全性、无副作用和良好降压效果,日益成为研究热点.文章主要综述了乳源抗高血压活性肽的降压作用机理,并对其构效关系进行分析,展望其开发应用状况和发展前景,旨在为更好地利用乳源蛋白资源开发降血压活性肽提供一定的理论依据及参考.     

丘陵-平原-湿地复合区降雨径流数值模型

针对丘陵-平原-湿地复合地区降雨径流数值模型较少、而已构建的模型对水文要素空间分布和湿地区水流运动又反映不足,采用格子玻尔兹曼法和有限元法构建丘陵-平原-湿地复合区降雨径流数值模型。在模型构建过程中将复合区分为地势起伏较大的上游丘陵区和下游地势变化较小的平原湿地区。上游丘陵区降雨采用距离平方倒数法计算降雨空间分布、采用格子玻尔兹曼法建立非饱和区土壤水运动模型、利用达西公式建立饱和区水流运动模型、利用格子玻尔兹曼法构建汇流数值模型,进而构建了上游区的降雨径流数值模型。平原湿地区采用基于有限元四边形单元构建了水流运动数值模型。平原湿地区入口边界采用上游区降雨径流数值输出的流量过程,平原湿地区出口边界采用基于格子玻尔兹曼法的汇流模型计算的水位过程。四边形单元有限元求解水流运动方程实现了上、下游区的无缝连接,模型使用比较方便。以挠力河流域为研究对象进行了降雨径流和平坦区水流运动模拟研究,模拟结果良好,说明模型较为可靠。     

一种流动体泄漏自动检测新方法

流动体泄漏自动检测系统是基于通信传输理论，根据流动体泄漏的特点，提出了一种全新的泄漏检测方法。该方法采用在流动体发送端加入测试物质或测试信号，在接收端检测该物质或信号，依据其变化确定是否有泄漏。     

稻瘟病菌无毒基因研究进展

水稻与稻瘟菌间存在广泛而特异的相互作用,是研究寄主与病原物互作的重要模式系统。无毒基因是病原物遗传因子,能诱发寄主植物产生抗病性,是稻瘟菌与水稻互作最重要的激发子。为寻求稻瘟病防治的新策略,本研究概述了研究稻瘟病菌无毒基因的意义,归纳了抗性基因与无毒基因互作的3种模式,总结了国内外稻瘟病菌无毒基因的克隆及功能研究,探讨了无毒基因在生产上病害流行预测中的应用,指出利用抗性基因与无毒基因的关系对稻瘟菌分类将会更为科学和实用,应进一步加快稻瘟病菌无毒基因的克隆。     

西瓜抗枯萎病基因同源序列的克隆与分析

本研究根据已克隆的抗枯萎病基因的NBS保守结构域设计了22条上游简并引物和17条下游简并引物,以西瓜抗枯萎病种质PI296341-FR和感枯萎病品种97103为材料,获得了7条来自基因组DNA的RGA序列（GenBank登录号：DQ156558-DQ156564）,均含有NBS保守区的P-环、kinase-2或kinase-3等抗病基因的特征序列结构,所编码的氨基酸序列与已知抗枯萎病基因Fom-2、I2C-1、I2C-2和I2等编码的氨基酸序列表现出11%～72%的同源性,其中来自PI296341-FR的RGA序列175R1与甜瓜抗枯萎病基因Fom-2的同源性最高,为72%。来自PI296341-FR与97103的RGA序列之间同源性较高（73%～97%）,证明了抗病基因在进化上的保守性。     

Modeling soil water dynamics in a drip-irrigated intercropping field under plastic mulch

Intercropping, drip irrigation, and the use of plastic mulch are important management practices, which can, when utilized simultaneously, increase crop production and save irrigation water. Investigating soil water dynamics in the root zone of the intercropping field under such conditions is essential in order to understand the combined effects of these practices and to promote their wider use. However, not much work has been done to investigate soil water dynamics in the root zone of drip-irrigated, strip intercropping fields under plastic mulch. Three field experiments with different irrigation treatments (high T1, moderate T2, and low T3) were conducted to evaluate soil water contents (SWC) at different locations, for different irrigation treatments, and with respect to dripper lines and plants (corn and tomatoes). Experimental data were then used to calibrate the HYDRUS (2D/3D) model. Comparison between experimental data and model simulations showed that HYDRUS (2D/3D) described different irrigation events and SWC in the root zone well, with average relative errors of 10.8, 9.5, and 11.6 % for irrigation treatments T1, T2, and T3, respectively, and with corresponding root mean square errors of 0.043, 0.035, and 0.040 cm³ cm^?3, respectively. The results showed that the SWC in the shallow root zone (0–40 cm) was lower under non-mulched locations than under mulched locations, irrespective of the irrigation treatment, while no significant differences in the SWC were observed in the deeper root zone (40–100 cm). The SWC in the shallow root zone was significantly higher for the high irrigation treatment (T1) than for the low irrigation treatment, while, again, no differences were observed in the deeper root zone. Simulations of two-dimensional SWC distributions revealed that the low irrigation treatment (T3) produced serious severe water stress (with SWCs near the wilting point) in the 30–40 cm part of the root zone, and that using separate drip emitter lines for each crop is well suited for producing the optimal soil water distribution pattern in the root zone of the intercropping field. The results of this study can be very useful in designing an optimal irrigation plan for intercropped fields.