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81.
ATSUSHI OOSHIRO SYUNTARO HIRADATE SHINJI KAWANO TETSUYA TAKUSHI YOSHIHARU FUJII MASAHIRO NATSUME HIROSHI ABE 《Weed Biology and Management》2009,9(2):169-172
We isolated an antimicrobial compound from the aerial tissue of Geranium carolinianum and identified it as ethyl 3, 4, 5-trihydroxy benzoate (ethyl gallate) by 1 H-NMR and 13 C-NMR and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. The antimicrobial activity of ethyl gallate against three potato pathogens was assayed by the paper disk method. The activity against Ralstonia solanacerum , Streptomyces scabies , and Streptomyces acidiscabies was observed at concentrations >200, >300, and >300 µg disk−1 , respectively. These results suggest that the antimicrobial activity of Geranium carolinianum against soil-borne plant disease pathogens is partly related to ethyl gallate. 相似文献
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The electrical penetration graph (EPG) method was used to quantify the effect of the lectin PHA (phytohemagglutinin) on the
feeding behavior of the grain aphid Sitobion avenae F (Hemiptera: Aphididae). Addition of PHA to an artificial diet affected aphid probing behavior. In general, increasing concentrations
of PHA in sucrose-agarose gels significantly reduced the number of aphid probes and extended their duration. Aphids feeding
on the gels with lectin (without concentration 50 μg · cm−3) had a prolonged activity (EPG pattern C) that was corresponded to prolonged penetration of the epidermis and mesophyll for
aphids feeding on plants. Such insects also showed a significant reduction in salivation and passive ingestion from gels and
a reduction in the total number of gel penetrations. At concentrations ≤250 μg · cm−3, PHA reduced feeding behavior on gels, and the EPG data were interpreted to correspond with reduced salivation into phloem
sieve elements (EPG pattern E1) and reduced ingestion of phloem sap (EPG pattern E2). PHA also delayed the onset of the first
E1 and E2 patterns. At higher concentrations (≥500 μg · cm−3), PHA completely stopped salivation and passive ingestion from gels. Similarly, higher concentration of PHA strongly reduced
activity on gels that corresponded to activity in xylem (EPG pattern G); high PHA delayed the onset of the first G pattern
and reduced total time of pattern G activity. 相似文献
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85.
Okorie E. Okorie Su Hong Ko Sugeun Go Jun‐Young Bae Gwang Yeol Yoo Jun‐Ho Lee Tae‐Ik Kim Sungchul C. Bai 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》2011,42(5):657-666
A 14‐wk feeding trial was carried out to evaluate the optimum dietary riboflavin (vitamin B2) level in juvenile sea cucumber, Apostichopus japonicus. A total of 360 sea cucumbers averaging 1.49 ± 0.07 g (mean ± SD) were randomly distributed into 18 rectangular plastic tanks, and each tank was then randomly assigned to one of three replicates of six diets containing 0.29 (B20), 4.22 (B24), 8.93 (B29), 17.9 (B218), 56.7 (B257), and 577 (B2577) mg riboflavin/kg diet. At the end of 14 wk of feeding trial, average weight gain (WG) of sea cucumbers fed B29, B218, B257, and B2577 diets were significantly (P < 0.05) higher than that of animals fed B20 diet. WG of sea cucumbers fed B218, B257, and B2577 diets were significantly higher than those of animals fed B20 and B24 diets. Specific growth rate of sea cucumbers fed B29, B218, B257, and B2577 diets were significantly higher than those of animals fed B20 and B24 diets. Feed efficiency of sea cucumbers fed B29, B257, and B2577 diets were significantly higher than those of animals fed B20 and B24 diets. Although significant differences were recorded in proximate composition of sea cucumbers fed the experimental diets, no clear trends were observed. The ANOVA test suggested that the optimum dietary riboflavin level in sea cucumber could be 17.9 mg/kg diet but broken‐line analysis of WG indicated a level of 9.73 mg riboflavin/kg diet. Therefore, these results may indicate that the optimum dietary riboflavin level in sea cucumber could be higher than 9.73 mg/kg diet but lower than 17.9 mg/kg diet. 相似文献
86.
Correlated effects of exotic pollen‐fertility restorer genes on agronomic and quality traits of hybrid rye
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Thomas Miedaner Cathérine Pauline Herter Heike Goßlau Peer Wilde Bernd Hackauf 《Plant Breeding》2017,136(2):224-229
In CMS (cytoplasmic male sterility)‐based hybrid rye (Secale cereale L.) breeding, effective pollen‐fertility restoration is an essential prerequisite for achieving maximum grain yield on the one hand and for minimizing ergot (Claviceps purpurea) infestation on the other. Restorer genes for the CMS‐inducing ‘Pampa’ cytoplasm derived from landraces collected in Iran and Argentina are used by breeders for achieving this goal. Here, restorer genes from four germplasm sources (‘Altevogt 14160’, ‘IRAN III’, ‘Trenelense’ and ‘Pico Gentario’) were analysed by producing three‐way cross hybrids between an elite CMS single cross and pollinators with and without a given restorer gene. Materials were evaluated on large drilled plots for restorer index (RI), grain yield, plant height and other traits in six environments. In experiment 1, a restorer gene from ‘Altevogt 14160’ was used. Seven pairs of marker‐selected carrier and non‐carrier backcross lines served as pollinators. In experiment 2, the pollinators were 17 backcross line pairs from the other three germplasm sources. These lines were grouped as high (RI > 67%) and low restorers (RI < 30%), respectively, using testcrosses with a highly diagnostic CMS tester. Hybrids carrying an exotic restorer gene suffered from a significant grain yield reduction by 4.4% and 9.4% and were 9.3 and 4.8 cm taller in experiments 1 and 2, respectively. Thousand‐kernel weight was reduced, whereas quality traits were only slightly affected. For all traits, significant genetic variance existed among the testcrosses to the presence vs. absence of a given exotic restorer gene. This offers a chance for the breeder to reduce or ultimately overcome the presently observed performance reductions brought about by exotic restorer genes. 相似文献
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Shoji Y Kobayashi Y Sato G Itou T Miura Y Mikami T Cunha EM Samara SI Carvalho AA Nocitti DP Ito FH Kurane I Sakai T 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2004,66(10):1271-1273
In Latin America, rabies cases related to frugivorous bats have been reported since 1930's. Recently, two viruses isolated from Artibeus lituratus were proved to be vampire bat variants by monoclonal antibodies panels [2], but their genetic information is not well known. In this report, four rabies viruses were isolated from frugivorous bats (Artibeus spp.) in Brazil and their nucleoprotein gene sequences were determined. These isolates were found to be genotype 1 of lyssavirus and showed the maximum nucleotide sequence homology of 97.6-99.4% with vampire bat-related viruses in Brazil [6]. These results indicate that the Brazilian frugivorous bat rabies viruses in this study are closely related to vampire bat-related viruses that play a main role in rabies virus transmission to livestock in Brazil. 相似文献
89.
90.
Hossam El‐Sheikh Ali Go Kitahara Kazumi Nibe Takeshi Osawa 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2019,54(11):1501-1504
A Japanese Black cow was evaluated for prolonged post‐partum anestrus and enlargement of the right ovary. Transrectal ultrasonography revealed that the right ovary was markedly enlarged and had a solid appearance, while the left ovary was small and inactive. The presumptive diagnosis was directed towards granulosa‐theca cell tumour (GTCT) which was supported by markedly elevated plasma anti‐Müllerian hormone (AMH; 332.0 ng/ml), oestradiol (E2; 103.3 pg/ml) and immunoreactive inhibin (ir‐INH; 2.1 ng/ml) in comparison with the diagnostic cut‐off points for bovine GTCTs. Since the cow had been infertile and had swelling of the udder, slaughter was chosen. Histopathological examination revealed that the tumour was an ovarian sex cord–stromal tumour (SCST) with a Sertoli cell pattern. These findings suggest that plasma AMH, ir‐INH and E2 could be possible biomarkers for bovine ovarian SCST with a Sertoli cell pattern, whereas this case could not be distinguished from GTCTs based on endocrinological profile. 相似文献