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Redox cycling induces spermptosis and necrosis in stallion spermatozoa while the hydroxyl radical (OH•) only induces spermptosis 下载免费PDF全文
P Martín Muñoz L Anel‐López JM Ortiz‐Rodríguez M Álvarez P de Paz C Balao da Silva H Rodríguez Martinez MC Gil L Anel FJ Peña C Ortega Ferrusola 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2018,53(1):54-67
Oxidative stress is a major factor explaining sperm dysfunction of spermatozoa surviving freezing and thawing and is also considered a major inducer of a special form of apoptosis, visible after thawing, in cryopreserved spermatozoa. To obtain further insights into the link between oxidative stress and the induction of apoptotic changes, stallion spermatozoa were induced to oxidative stress through redox cycling after exposure to 2‐methyl‐1,4‐naphthoquinone (menadione), or hydroxyl radical formation after FeSO4 exposure. Either exposure induced significant increases (p < 0.05) in two markers of lipid peroxidation: 8‐iso‐PGF2α and 4‐hydroxynonenal (4‐HNE). While both treatments induced changes indicative of spermptosis (caspase‐3 activation and decreased mitochondrial membrane potential) (p < 0.01), menadione induced sperm necrosis and a dramatic reduction in motility and thiol content in stallion spermatozoa. Thus, we provided evidence that oxidative stress underlies spermptosis, and thiol content is a key factor for stallion sperm function. 相似文献
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AIM: To describe the accuracy of transrectal ultrasonography for predicting calving dates in dairy cows under typical New Zealand conditions and to assess potential risk factors for differences between predicted and actual calving dates.METHODS: Data were collected from 116 seasonally calving herds over 2 years in a retrospective single cohort study. Transrectal ultrasonography was undertaken by experienced veterinarians (n=12) to determine if cows were pregnant, and if so to estimate fetal age. Predicted calving date was calculated by adding 282 days to the estimated conception date. Accuracy was assessed using differences between predicted and actual calving dates for each animal. Potential risk factors for animals calving >10 days before or after their predicted calving date were assessed using multinomial logistic regression models.RESULTS: The study population comprised 83,104 cows over the 2 years of the study; 75,037 (90.3%) cows calved within 10 days of their predicted calving date, 3,683 (4.4%) calved >10 days earlier, and 4,384 (5.3%) >10 days later, than predicted. Risk factors for calving >10 days before or after the predicted calving date included having >1 artificial insemination (AI) before pregnancy diagnosis (p=0.03), where the cow’s most recent AI was <21 days before the end of the herd’s AI period (p<0.01), and where the diagnosis was made at the second or third herd-visit (p<0.01). The probability of calving being >10 days later than predicted also increased when the fetus was ≥13 weeks old at pregnancy diagnosis (p<0.01).CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: In this study, >90% of cows diagnosed pregnant by veterinarians using transrectal ultrasonography calved within 10 days of the predicted calving date. In herds where herd reproductive performance is high, it would be expected that more cows would conceive to their first AI, and potentially fewer cows would have AI close to the end of the herd’s AI period, which would increase diagnostic accuracy. Where herd managers rely on accurate predicted calving dates they should be informed about realistic expected accuracy. For greatest accuracy, a complete AI history should be made available to the person performing the pregnancy diagnoses and cows at most risk of having inaccurate predicted calving dates should be identified. 相似文献
105.
It is widely accepted that sperm morphology is a strong indicator of semen quality. As the sperm head mainly comprises the sperm DNA, it is have been proposed that subtle changes in sperm morphology may be related to abnormal DNA content. Semen from four mongrel dogs was used to investigate DNA quality by means of the sperm chromatin structure assay (SCSA), and for computerized sperm morphometry (CASMA). Each sperm head was measured for nine primary parameters [head area (A), head perimeter (P), head length (L), head width (W), midpiece width (w), midpiece area (a), distance (d) between the major axes of the head and midpiece, angle (theta) of divergence of the midpiece from the head axis] and four parameters of head shape [FUN1, L/W; FUN2, 4piA/P(2); FUN3, (L - W)/(L + W); FUN4, piLW/4A]. Significant differences were found in all CASMA-derived parameters among dogs (p < 0.001). Linear regression models including sperm head shape factors 1, 3 and 4 predicted the extent of DNA denaturation (p < 0.001). We conclude that the CASMA analysis can be considered a powerful tool to improve the spermiogram. 相似文献
106.
IB Lima‐Verde A Johannisson T Ntallaris E Al‐Essawe Z Al‐Kass T Nongbua F Dórea N Lundeheim K Kupisiewicz A Edman JM Morrell 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2018,53(1):127-136
Traditionally, extenders for bull semen included egg yolk or milk, but recently there has been a move to avoid material of animal origin. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of two commercial extenders (based on soya lecithin and liposomes) on bull sperm quality after cryopreservation. Post‐thaw sperm quality was evaluated by computer‐assisted sperm analysis and flow cytometric assessment of membrane integrity, chromatin integrity, mitochondrial membrane potential, production of reactive oxygen species and tyrosine phosphorylation. Furthermore, an artificial insemination (AI) trial was conducted, and 56‐day non‐return rates were evaluated. Semen frozen in the liposome‐based extender showed similar membrane integrity and higher mitochondrial membrane potential compared to those in the soya lecithin‐based extender. Chromatin integrity and production of live H2O2+ reactive oxygen species were similar in both extenders. Less superoxide was produced in the samples extended with liposome‐based extender, with or without menadione stimulation. Chromatin integrity and tyrosine phosphorylation were not affected by either type of extender. No differences in 56‐day non‐return rate between extenders containing soya lecithin and liposomes were observed in the AI trial (66% ± 0.8 and 65% ± 0.8, respectively). In conclusion, the sperm quality of bull semen frozen in the two extenders that do not contain material of animal origin was similar, although the semen frozen in the liposome‐based extender had higher mitochondrial membrane potential. Either extender could be used in situations where extenders containing material of animal origin are to be avoided. 相似文献
107.
Inherited epidermal dysplasia (IED), formerly called baldy calf syndrome, is a lethal disease of calves of Holstein-Friesian ancestry. The disease causes progressive illthrift and skin, horn and hoof lesions, which can be confused with inherited zinc deficiency. The clinicopathological features and ancestry of 10 affected calves in Gippsland, Victoria are described. 相似文献
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109.
JP Anchordoquy JM Anchordoquy MA Sirini G Mattioli SJ Picco CC Furnus 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2013,48(6):905-911
Manganese (Mn) is a trace element present in forages and cereals, and its concentration depends on soil status. Manganese deficiency in cattle, goats and ewes not only impairs oestrous cycle but reduces calf birth weight. The achievement of the first oestrus is delayed, and more attempts are necessary to obtain a successful conception. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of the availability of supplemental Mn during IVM on DNA damage of cumulus cells and total glutathione (GSH) content in oocytes and cumulus cells. The effect of supplementary Mn during IVM on subsequent embryo development was also studied. The results reported here indicate (i) DNA damage in cumulus cells decreased with 0, 2, 5 and 6 ng/ml Mn supplementation during IVM (p < 0.05). (ii) Intracellular GSH‐GSSG content increased (p < 0.01) with different Mn concentrations in oocytes and cumulus cells. Also, cumulus cell number per cumulus oocyte‐complexes (COC) did not differ either before or after IVM. (iii) Addition of Mn to maturation medium resulted in similar cleavage rates (p > 0.05) at 0, 2, 5 and 6 ng/ml Mn. However, subsequent embryo development to blastocyst stage was significantly higher (p < 0.01) in oocytes matured with 5 and 6 ng/ml Mn. (iv) There was also an increase (p < 0.05) in mean cell number per blastocyst obtained from oocytes matured with 5 and 6 ng/ml respect to zero Mn (IVM alone) and 2 ng/ml Mn. This study provides evidence that optimal embryo development to the blastocyst stage was partially dependent on the presence of Mn during IVM. Moreover, the availability of Mn during oocyte maturation ensures ‘normal’ intracellular GSH content in COCs and protects DNA integrity of cumulus cells. 相似文献
110.
James F Grutsch Patricia A Wood Jovelyn Du-Quiton Justin L Reynolds Christopher G Lis Robert D Levin Mary Ann Daehler Digant Gupta Dinah Faith T Quiton William JM Hrushesky 《Journal of circadian rhythms》2011,9(1):1-12