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81.
The use of biocidal green manure crops is an agronomic technique for amending soil with fresh organic matter containing volatile compounds active in controlling some soil-borne pests and diseases. Two new selections of the Brassicaceae family were cultivated, incorporated before planting strawberries and tested as an alternative to fumigation with methyl bromide. Two biocidal green manure crops (Brassica juncea L sel ISCI20, Eruca sativa Mill cv Nemat) containing glucosinolate-myrosinase systems, a conventional green manure (barley), untreated soil and a fumigated control were evaluated during two seasons. The effect of these soil management systems on subsequent strawberry performance was evaluated by monitoring yield and plant growth parameters. In both years, biocidal plant green manure treatments led to a fruit yield lower than with methyl bromide, but higher than with conventional green manure or untreated soil. These results confirm the good prospects for biocidal green manures, not only as an environmentally friendly alternative to methyl bromide in conventional agriculture, but also in organic agriculture as an alternative to conventional green manure crops. 相似文献
82.
Inappropriate feeding practice favors the transmission of Trichinella papuae from wild pigs to saltwater crocodiles in Papua New Guinea 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
The recent discovery of Trichinella zimbabwensis in farmed crocodiles (Crocodilus niloticus) of Zimbabwe and its ability to infect mammals, and the development of both T. zimbabwensis and Trichinella papuae in experimentally infected reptiles led to an investigation of Trichinella infection in saltwater crocodiles (Crocodylus porosus) and in wild pigs (Sus scrofa) of Papua New Guinea, to see if T. papuae also, is present in both cold- and warm-blooded animals. Of 222 crocodiles examined, 47 animals (21.2%), all from Kikori, Gulf Province, were positive for non-encapsulated larvae in the muscles. The greatest number of larvae was found usually in the biceps, with an average of 7 larvae/g. One isolate from a crocodile infected successfully both laboratory rats and mice. Of 81 wild pigs examined, 9 from Bensbach river area (Western Province) and 1 from Kikori area (Gulf Province) were positive for non-encapsulated larvae in the muscles. Trichinella larvae from both saltwater crocodiles and wild pigs have been identified by multiplex-PCR analysis as T. papuae. The sequence analysis of the region within the large subunit ribosomal DNA, known as the expansion segment V, has shown the presence of a molecular marker distinguishing T. papuae isolates of Bensbach river area from those of Kikori area. This marker could be useful to trace back the geographical origin of the infected animal. The epidemiological investigation carried out in the Kikori area has shown that local people catch young crocodiles in the wild and keep them in holding pens for several months, before sending them to the crocodile farm in Lae (Morobe Province). They feed the crocodiles primarily with wild pig meat bought at the local market and also with fish. These results stress the importance of using artificial digestion for routinely screening of swine and crocodiles, and of adopting measures for preventing the spread of infection, such as the proper disposal of carcasses and the adequate freezing of meat. 相似文献
83.
Salvatore Mastrangelo Slim Ben Jemaa Gianluca Sottile Sara Casu Baldassare Portolano Elena Ciani Fabio Pilla 《Zeitschrift für Tierzüchtung und Züchtungsbiologie》2019,136(6):526-534
Selective breeding has led to modifications in the genome of many livestock breeds. In this study, we identified the genomic regions that may explain some of the phenotypic differences between two closely related breeds from Sardinia. A total of 44 animals, 20 Sardinian Ancestral Black (SAB) and 24 Sardinian White (SW), were genotyped using the Illumina Ovine 50K array. A total of 68, 38 and 15 significant markers were identified using the case–control genome‐wide association study (GWAS), the Bayesian population differentiation analysis (FST) and the Rsb metric, respectively. Comparisons among the approaches revealed a total of 22 overlapping markers between GWAS and FST and one marker between GWAS and Rsb. Three markers detected by Rsb were also located near (<2 Mb) to highly significant regions identified by GWAS and FST analyses. Moreover, one candidate marker identified by GWAS and FST approaches was located in a run of homozygosity island that was shared by both breeds. We identified several genes involved in many phenotypic differences (such as stature and growth, reproduction, ear size, coat colour, behaviour) between the two analysed breeds. This study shows that combining several genome‐wide approaches could improve discovery of regions involved in the variability of breeding traits and responsible for the phenotypic diversity even between closely related breeds. Overall, the combination of such genome‐wide methods can be extended to other livestock breeds that share between them a similar genetic background, to understand the process that shapes the patterns of genetic variability between closely related populations. 相似文献
84.
Elisa Angelini Francesca Squizzato Gianluca Lucchetta Michele Borgo 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2004,110(2):193-201
About 40 different species of wild herbaceous and woody plants were collected in underbrush close to a vineyard where Flavescence dorée (FD) has been reported for several years. Polymerase chain reaction assays were carried out using DNA extracted from leaves of each species for the detection of the presence of phytoplasmas. Only samples of Clematis vitalba were found to be infected with phytoplasmas. Restriction fragment length polymorphism and sequencing data of the 16S ribosomal RNA gene and of a non-ribosomal DNA fragment FD9 revealed that the phytoplasma isolate was identical to that causing FD in the nearby vineyard. The isolate identified in the clematis is the same as the FD-C phytoplasma found in grapevine in north-east Italy. 相似文献
85.
Valerio Zupo Francesca Glaviano Marina Paolucci Nadia Ruocco Gianluca Polese Anna Di Cosmo Maria Costantini Mirko Mutalipassi 《Aquaculture Nutrition》2019,25(1):26-38
Sea urchin gonads are exploited both for gastronomic and scientific purposes; thus, the production of large and mature gonads is essential. Natural populations of the Mediterranean Sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus are subject to increasing fishing efforts, due to continuous intensification of consumptions. Aquaculture practices may represent an answer, but the availability of artificial feeds accelerating the production of high‐quality gonads in terms of size, taste, colour, firmness, maturity and viability of gametes is critical to boost the productions. The accessibility of cheap and effective feeds promoting the fattening of gonads and the quality of gametes is still a bottleneck slowing down the expansion of echinoculture practices. This investigation is aimed at enabling the development of this strategic sector, by comparing the dietetic effects of fresh foods and a commercial feed for aquaculture, to four newly formulated feeds. The protein contents of diets were strongly related to the GSIs. The abundance of fatty acids appeared inversely related to the viability of embryos and abnormalities of larvae. The features of an ideal diet for this sea urchin were defined, based on the results of experimental trials, and the need for increasing levels of plant‐derived proteins during the grow‐out period was demonstrated. 相似文献
86.
Bordoni R Mezzelani A Consolandi C Frosini A Rizzi E Castiglioni B Salati C Marmiroli N Marchelli R Rossi Bernardi L Battaglia C De Bellis G 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2004,52(5):1049-1054
We have applied the ligation detection reaction (LDR) combined with a universal array approach to the detection and quantitation of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplified cry1A(b) gene from Bt-176 transgenic maize. We demonstrated excellent specificity and high sensitivity. Down to 0.5 fmol (nearly 60 pg) of PCR amplified transgenic material was unequivocally detected with excellent linearity within the 0.1-2.0% range with respect to wild-type maize. We suggest the feasibility of extending the LDR/universal array format to detect in parallel several transgenic sequences that are being developed for food applications. 相似文献
87.
Golubkina Nadezhda Zayachkovsky Vladimir Stepanov Viktor Deryagina Valentina Rizhova Nataly Kirsanov Kirill Caruso Gianluca 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》2020,75(2):292-297
Plant Foods for Human Nutrition - Functional food with high concentrations of monosaccharides and antioxidants is important for quick replenishment of energy reserves and rehabilitation after... 相似文献
88.
J. A. C. de Souza-Dias P. Russo J. A. Betti L. Miller S. A. Slack 《American Journal of Potato Research》1999,76(4):209-213
This report describes a simple, rapid and inexpensive procedure for sampling large numbers of dormant tubers for analysis of potato leafroll luteovirus (PLRV) infection. The procedure uses a common electric drill to simultaneously remove and macerate tuber-eye samples for detection of PLRV by the enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA) and the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). By using these sampling and analysis approaches, 19 of 20 different PLRV isolates were detected in dormant tubers from plants with primary infections. Results from the dormant tuber analysis, were verified by planting the tubers and testing leaf tissue by ELISA and PCR. Similar sampling and testing done on healthy dormant tubers and sprouts from the tubers consistently gave negative results as expected. 相似文献
89.
Giuseppa Buscaino Gaspare Buffa Gianluca Sarà Antonio Bellante Antonio Josè TonelloJr. Fernando Augusto Sliva Hardt Marta Jussara Cremer Angelo Bonanno Angela Cuttitta Salvatore Mazzola 《Fisheries Science》2009,75(3):537-544
There is some evidence that the presence of Tursiops truncatus in fishing areas represents a real economic threat to fishermen due the dolphin feeding on the entangled fish, damaging the
nets and reducing the fish catch. We have carried out experiments to assess the efficiency of a pinger in decreasing the interaction
between the dolphins and fishing nets, in a fishing area off the coast of southern Italy, where Tursiops truncatus is frequently observed to interact with bottom gill nets. Two identical monofilament bottom gill nets (900 m long), one equipped
with pingers and the other without, were used to measure the effect of these pingers on the abundance of the catch and net
damage. For each haul (58 in total), data on dolphin sightings near the nets, damage judged to have been done by dolphins,
weight and species composition of the catch were collected. All damage to the nets were recorded at the end of each haul.
Dolphins in the fishing area were sighted 11 times out of 29 fishing activities (38%). The net equipped with pingers contained
28% more fish (biomass) than the net without pingers (t test, P < 0.04) and was less damaged (−31%, t test, P < 0.01). To assess whether the efficacy of these pingers remain constant over long period, long-term experiments should be
carried out. 相似文献