Order and Disorder in C60 and KxC60 Multilayers: Direct Imaging with Scanning Tunneling Microscopy

Monolayer and multilayer structures of C(60), a high temperature van der Waals solid, have been studied with scanning tunneling microscopy. Structures grown on GaAs(110) at 300 kelvin and at elevated temperatures show significantly different morphologies because of balances between thermodynamics and kinetics. Condensation onto stepped surfaces demonstrates preferred bonding and nucleation at step edges. Detailed studies of potassium incorporation in crystalline C(60) show highly ordered structures in the K(3)C(60) metallic state but disordered non-metallic structures for high potassium concentrations.     

广东乐从家具专业市场与家具产业链研究

广东省顺德市乐从家具专业市场2001年销售额为26亿多元,约占广东的1/3,而广东省家具市场销售占中国家具市场销售的80%。分析了乐从家具专业市场发展的三个阶段即马路市场、简易家具店铺群、家具会展经济。阐述了支撑乐从家具专业市场的巨大家具需求与供给,认为完美、成熟的家具产业链铸造了广东省林产工业的辉煌。     

油管式传感器车辆行驶称重系统算法研究

在分析油管式车辆动态称重系统工作原理和特性的基础上,建立了相应的称重系统称量数学模型;利用非线性最小二乘优化算法获得最小平方误差意义上的静载参数估计,同时根据前后油管信号的相关性实现了车速的精确测量和计算;并通过实车试验,验证该算法是可行的,且达到了较好的精度,为车辆超载检测提供了一种经济有效的手段。     

施肥对农田土壤动物群落结构的影响

为研究施肥对土壤动物群落结构的影响,以尿素为施肥材料,采用大型手捡和干、湿漏斗法,以不施肥处理为对照(CK),对施肥量分别为225 kg·hm^-2(T1)、450 kg·hm^-2(T2)、900 kg·hm^-2(T3)、1 800 kg·hm^-2(T4)、3 600 kg·hm^-2(T5)等5个施肥处理下的土壤动物群落特征进行调查。结果显示:试验捕获的土壤动物分属3门13纲19目40科,各处理的土壤动物平均密度排序为CK>T2>T1>T3>T5>T4,类群数排序为T1>CK>T2>T4>T5>T3。随着施肥量增加,大型和中小型土壤动物的平均密度总体减少。同时,各处理中,T2处理的多样性指数和优势度指数最低,而均匀度指数最高。总体来看,过量施肥会减少土壤动物数量,降低土壤动物多样性,对土壤动物群落结构产生影响。     

High-EPA Biomass from Nannochloropsis salina Cultivated in a Flat-Panel Photo-Bioreactor on a Process Water-Enriched Growth Medium

Nannochloropsis salina was grown on a mixture of standard growth media and pre-gasified industrial process water representing effluent from a local biogas plant. The study aimed to investigate the effects of enriched growth media and cultivation time on nutritional composition of Nannochloropsis salina biomass, with a focus on eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). Variations in fatty acid composition, lipids, protein, amino acids, tocopherols and pigments were studied and results compared to algae cultivated on F/2 media as reference. Mixed growth media and process water enhanced the nutritional quality of Nannochloropsis salina in laboratory scale when compared to algae cultivated in standard F/2 medium. Data from laboratory scale translated to the large scale using a 4000 L flat panel photo-bioreactor system. The algae growth rate in winter conditions in Denmark was slow, but results revealed that large-scale cultivation of Nannochloropsis salina at these conditions could improve the nutritional properties such as EPA, tocopherol, protein and carotenoids compared to laboratory-scale cultivated microalgae. EPA reached 44.2% ± 2.30% of total fatty acids, and α-tocopherol reached 431 ± 28 µg/g of biomass dry weight after 21 days of cultivation. Variations in chemical compositions of Nannochloropsis salina were studied during the course of cultivation. Nannochloropsis salina can be presented as a good candidate for winter time cultivation in Denmark. The resulting biomass is a rich source of EPA and also a good source of protein (amino acids), tocopherols and carotenoids for potential use in aquaculture feed industry.     

带误差的合成迭代逼近非扩张映象半群公共不动点

适当限制迭代式的参数后,利用非扩张半群的性质以及Banach极限技巧,在一致光滑的Banach空间框架下获得了非扩张映象半群显式合成迭代序列的强收敛定理.     

Fates of Setaria faberi and Abutilon theophrasti seeds in three crop rotation systems

Weed seeds in and on the soil are the primary cause of weed infestations in arable fields. Previous studies have documented reductions in weed seedbanks due to cropping system diversification through extended rotation sequences, but the impacts of different rotation systems on additions to and losses from weed seedbanks remain poorly understood. We conducted an experiment in Iowa, USA, to determine the fates of Setaria faberi and Abutilon theophrasti seeds in 2‐, 3‐ and 4‐year crop rotation systems when seed additions to the soil seedbank were restricted to a single pulse at the initiation of the study. Over the course of the experiment, seedlings were removed as they emerged and prevented from producing new seeds. After 41 months, seed population densities dropped >85% for S. faberi and >65% for A. theophrasti, but differences between rotation systems in the magnitude of seedbank reductions were not detected. Most of the reductions in seedbank densities took place from autumn through early spring in the first 5 months following seed deposition, before seedling emergence occurred, suggesting that seed predation and/or seed decay was important. For S. faberi, total cumulative seedling emergence and total seed mortality did not differ between rotation systems. In contrast, for A. theophrasti, seedling emergence was 71% lower and seed mortality was 83% greater in the 3‐ and 4‐year rotation systems than in the 2‐year system. Results of this study indicate that for certain weed species, such as A. theophrasti, crop rotation systems can strongly affect life‐history processes associated with soil seedbanks.     

Survival of plants of common sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia Scop.) in competition with two companion grass species

A 2-year experiment on competition between sainfoin ( Onobrychis viciifolia Scop.), meadow fescue ( Festuca pratensis ) and tetraploid perennial ryegrass ( Lolium perenne ) was conducted using plants grown in plastic containers outdoors. Root and shoot systems of sainfoin and the grasses were separated in order to investigate full and no competition of root and shoots, at two planting ratios (0·33 grass:0·66 sainfoin and 0·66 grass:0·33 sainfoin). Survival of sainfoin plants was lower at the higher grass:sainfoin ratio. More sainfoin plants died in the winter than during the growing season. Root competition had no effect on survival of sainfoin plants, but shoot competition reduced survival of sainfoin plants during one growing season. Companion grass species had no effect on survival of sainfoin plants, except in the first winter, when fewer sainfoin plants survived when grown with meadow fescue than perennial ryegrass.     

水稻分插机构推秧装置动力学分析与试验

由于推秧装置使分插机构的动力学分析复杂化,所以传统的分析方法是把栽植机构简化为曲柄摇杆机构。作者在研究分插机构的动力学状态时,运用基本动力学原理,重点分析了推秧装置的工作过程,建立了分插机构的动力学模型,并在试验台上进行了试验研究。最后利用模型对改进方案进行了优化计算。理论和试验结果表明,推秧装置在工作过程中形成的力学效果不能忽略。通过动力学分析找到了提高单位时间播次的方法。