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41.
S Venkatesa Perumal V Umapathi T Ambwani BD Lakhchaura 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2008,43(6):744-746
Early pregnancy diagnosis in bovines is one of the important aspects in efficient dairy farm management. In order to develop a competitive enzyme immunoassay (EIA) employing low cost reagents, anti‐progesterone antiserum and progesterone‐penicillinase enzyme conjugate were prepared. Using this anti‐serum and conjugate along with pencillinV–starch–iodine substrate system, the competitive EIA was standardized. In the experiment, danazol, a weak androgen used to extract the progesterone bound to proteins in milk, was included after standardizing the optimum concentration. Incubation period and temperature and pH of the reaction mixture were also optimized. The developed test was validated with milk samples obtained from dairy farm and individual animal owners. Confirmation of the pregnancy was made by per rectum examination of the genital tract around 60 days post‐insemination. The user friendly test procedure showed sensitivity and specificity of 83.3% and 87.5%, respectively as compared with residual binding method which was earlier developed in the laboratory with sensitivity and specificity of 100% and 87.5% respectively. 相似文献
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Importance of Staphylococcus hyicus ssp hyicus as a cause of arthritis in pigs up to 12 weeks of age
Lame pigs, up to 12 weeks of age, were necropsied to establish a diagnosis. Of 175 pigs examined, 165 were confirmed to have arthritis by histopathological examination of joint tissues. Lesions were most common in the elbow and tarsal joints and least common in the joints of the feet. Typically, there was severe fibrinopurulent inflammation of synovial membranes regardless of the bacteria isolated. A bacterial aetiology was found in 114 (69%) of the 165 pigs. In arthritic pigs in which an aetiology was established the causative agents were Staphylococcus hyicus ssp hyicus (24.6%), Streptococcus equisimilis (26.3%), Actinomyces pyogenes (13.2%), Staphylococcus aureus (7.9%) and Haemophilus parasuis (7.9%). While gender did not affect the prevalence of arthritis, there was an age influence, most of the pigs culled for arthritis being under 6 weeks of age. 相似文献
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The disposition kinetics and urinary excretion of gentamicin sulphate were studied in young buffalo bulls following a single intramuscular administration of the drug at 5 mg kg-1 body weight. The time course of the serum gentamicin concentration was adequately described by the one-compartment open model. The values of the absorption and elimination halflives were 12.2±2.2 and 167.0±29.7 min respectively. The apparent volume of distribution was 0.29±0.01 L kg-1. During the first 12 h, 63% of the total administered dose was excreted in urine. On the basis of the kinetic data, a satisfactory intramuscular dosage regimen for gentamicin sulphate would be at least 6 mg kg-1 body weight repeated at 8 h intervals. 相似文献
45.
Repurposing Ionophores as novel antimicrobial agents for the treatment of bovine mastitis caused by Gram‐positive pathogens 下载免费PDF全文
Elizabeth E. Hickey Hui San Wong Manouchehr Khazandi Abiodun D. Ogunniyi Kiro R. Petrovski Sanjay Garg Stephen W. Page Ryan O'Handley Darren J. Trott 《Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics》2018,41(5):746-754
Increasing reports of multidrug‐resistant bacterial infections in animals has created a need for novel antimicrobial agents that do not promote cross‐resistance to critically important antimicrobial classes used in human medicine. In response to the recent emergence of antimicrobial resistance in several bovine mastitis pathogens, in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility was determined for four polyether ionophores (lasalocid, monensin, narasin and salinomycin) against Staphylococcus spp. and Streptococcus spp. isolated from clinical cases. In addition, erythrocyte haemolysis and WST ‐1 cell proliferation assays were used to assess in vitro mammalian cell cytotoxicity and biofilm susceptibility testing was performed using the minimum biofilm eradication concentration (MBEC ?) biofilm assay. Lasalocid, monensin, narasin and salinomycin exhibited bacteriostatic antimicrobial activity against all pathogens tested, including methicillin‐resistant staphylococci, with MIC 90 values <16 μg/ml. Narasin and monensin displayed the least toxicity against mammalian cell lines and all compounds significantly reduced viable cell numbers in a Staphylococcus aureus biofilm. Based on in vitro characterization, all four ionophores offer potentially novel treatments against bovine mastitis but in vivo studies will be essential to determine whether acceptable safety and efficacy is present following intramammary administration. 相似文献
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S. K. Garg 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2007,33(4):347-358
Effects of oral administration of l-thyroxine (T4) on growth performance, body composition, and some aspects of nutritional physiology were investigated in two slow-growing
air-breathing fish (Channa punctatus and Heteropneustes fossilis) under laboratory conditions (LD 12:12 at 25°C). The results indicate that irrespective of the species, fish fed diets containing
lower doses of T4 (up to 50 mg kg−1 of diet in C. punctatus and up to 100 mg kg−1 of diet in H. fossilis) showed significantly (P < 0.05) higher growth (in terms of live weight and length gain, specific growth rate, percentage gain in body weight and
condition factor), low feed conversion ratio, high nutrient retention, high apparent protein digestibility, and high digestive
enzyme activity. Viscero-somatic (VSI) and hepato-somatic (HSI) values were also high in fish fed on low dietary T4 levels. Liver glycogen levels decreased with the increase in the dietary T4 levels, indicating its utilization during growth. Muscle glycogen levels in H. fossilis coincided with high growth at 100 mg of T4. Observation of the postprandial excretion of metabolites (N–NH4
+ and o-PO4
−) indicated significantly (P < 0.05) low levels in aquaria water where the fish were fed diets with low T4 levels. These studies further revealed that feeding fishes on higher T4 levels (above 50 mg in C. punctatus and above 100 mg in H. fossilis) not only repressed growth performance and nutrient retention, but also affected carcass composition by lowering protein
accumulation (muscle and carcass protein) and energy assimilation. These studies revealed a biphasic action of thyroxine,
i.e., the hormone at lower doses is anabolic, while at higher doses it acts as a catabolic agent, indicating that feeding
fishes on higher doses can be detrimental to their growth and metabolism. In summary, the results of the present study show
that feeding H. fossilis and C. punctatus on low doses of T4 enhances growth, decreases excretion of metabolites, and increases nitrogen retention. These observations suggest that T4 supplementation of the diet may have practical utility in the culture of slow-growing fish species. 相似文献