臭氧果蔬保鲜包装技术及试验

臭氧果蔬保鲜技术的关键是如何控制和调节包装内氧气和二氧化碳的体积分数,包装材料气透率是调节包装内气体体积分数的主要因素。综合果蔬呼吸和薄膜透气两个相互交叉的动态过程,提出一种新的果蔬包装薄膜透气率的计算方法。在清水蜜桃、油豆角的臭氧保鲜试验中测试了臭氧果蔬保鲜薄膜不同厚度以及不同保鲜时间的腐烂率、好果率、失重率、可溶性固形物含量、还原糖含量、总酸、维生素C含量、叶绿素含量等指标,结果表明,以上果蔬的保鲜期至少延长2周以上。     

随机变量多重Weibull统计模型及参数最优估计

利用Weibull分布函数兼容性好的特点,采用混合Weibull分布模型来描述复杂随机变量分布,并按照最小二乘法原则,对统计模型参数进行最优化估计,建立复杂随机变量分布的统计模型。对某汽车发动机工作转矩统计模型的建立示例表明,多重Weibull分布适合用来表达一些复杂随机变量的统计特性,参数估计的最优化模型适用,参数优化估计过程能可靠收敛。     

步进式水稻钵苗摆植机送秧机构的研究

研究了步进式水稻钵苗摆植机总体设计方案，分析了送秧机构的工作原理，对送秧机构的齿距、齿高、转速、曲柄、摇杆等结构参数进行了确定。理论分析和台架实验表明，步进式水稻钵苗摆植机送秧机构结构简单，工作可靠，排序效果好。     

干燥系统室体结构传热特征参数及其试验方法

依据传热的基本原理，提出了分析干燥系统室体结构传热特性的特征参数新概念，实现了干燥室隔热体传热系数的非稳态测量，并可同时确定蓄热当量系数。在建立室体传热非稳态分析理论的基础上，提出了相应的试验分析方法，并进行了理论分析及试验验证。     

Incorporation of ridge and furrow method of rainfall harvesting with mulching for crop production under semiarid conditions

A plastic-covered ridge and furrow rainfall harvesting (PRFRH) system combined with mulches was designed to increase water availability to crops for improving and stabilizing agricultural production in the semiarid Loess region of northwest China. The system was built by shaping the soil surface with alternate ridges and furrows along the contour. The plastic-covered ridges served as a rainfall harvesting zone and furrows as a planting zone. Some materials were also used to mulch the furrows to increase the effectiveness of the harvested water. This system can make better utilization of light rain by harvesting rainwater through the plastic-covered ridge. The field experiment (using corn as an indicator crop) showed that grain yields in the PRFRH system with mulches in 1998 and 1999 were significantly higher than the controls, with an increase of 4010–5297 kg per ha (108–143%). In most treatments, the water use efficiencies (WUE) were in excess of 2.0 kg m⁻³. The WUE values of corn in this system were 1.9 times greater than the controls in 1998 and 1.4 times greater than the controls in 1999. The plastic-covered ridge led to a yield increase of 3430 kg per ha (92%) in 1998 and of 1126 kg per ha (21%) in 1999 compared with the uncovered ridge. On average, the additional mulches in the furrow brought about a yield increase of 8–25%. Based on the results of this study and other researches, this technique can increase corn grain yield by 60–95% in drought and average years, 70–90% in wet years, and 20–30% in very wet years. The PRFRH system had the potential to increase crop yield and produced greater economic benefit, therefore it could be used in regions dominated by light rainfall of low intensity where crops generally fail due to water stress.     

基于铱星通信技术的土壤墒情远程监测网络研究

为了实现野外偏远、无GPRS信号地区土壤墒情、温度及降雨量的远程无线实时监测,设计了一套由土壤墒情及相关影响信息实时采集系统、铱星通信以及互联网技术构成的"物联网"架构式土壤墒情实时监测系统,围绕铱星SBD(Short burst data)终端模块9602开发了具有独立知识产权的数据采集系统。该系统实现了智能化、网络化的土壤墒情实时监测,以及历史数据的查询、下载,根据设定阈值进行短信报警、传感器和通信故障报警等功能。该系统自2011年8月在山东省、北京市等地运行以来,可以安全、稳定、可靠地获取监测土壤含水率、温度及降雨量信息。通过试验可知铱星通信在空旷地带成功率为97.2%,单个节点通信费用为每月200元(12 000字节),达到了对土壤墒情、温度和降雨量变化规律进行长期监测的目的。     

柳叶沙棘的无性繁殖技术研究

柳叶沙棘果实品质好，植株无刺或少刺，是栽培和育种的好材料。采用嫩枝扦插，全光喷雾繁殖柳叶沙棘可获62％～95％的生根率。生根时间较其他种类沙棘晚10～15d。植物生长调节剂萘乙酸和吲哚丁酸能提高生根率10％～20％。     

保水剂在京郊果园的应用试验研究

重点研究了果园施用保水剂后剖面土壤水分动态、果树耗水规律 ,探讨了保水剂作用下土壤水分对果树生长、果实生长发育、产量与品质的影响规律 ,同时对保水剂在山区果园的应用进行了经济可行性分析     

旱地全膜双垄沟残膜捡拾机的设计

针对我国西北旱地全膜双垄沟残膜捡拾机仿形能力差、拾净率低的问题,设计了一种旱地全膜双垄沟滚筒式残膜捡拾机。同时,阐述了整机结构及工作原理,并通过机构分析和计算确定了关键部件工作参数,旨在为残膜回收提供一种新的机具。     

权变理论在灌区管理中的应用

权变理论是当前西方管理学中一种较流行的理论。在介绍了权变理论基本思想的基础上，探讨了权变理论在灌区产权制度改革、经营管理模式、水费计收、用水管理等领域的应用，强调灌区管理水平的高低取决于灌区管理与其外部环境和内部环境的适应性。