Effects of feeding bamboo vinegar and acidifier as an antibiotic substitute on the growth performance and intestinal bacterial communities of weaned piglets

Abstract

The experiment was designed to evaluate effects of feeding bamboo vinegar (BV) and acidifier to substitute antibiotic on the growth performance and intestinal bacterial communities of weaned piglets. Three hundred and sixty weaned piglets (body weight (BW) = 10 ± 2 kg) were allocated into three treatments for 25 days of experiment feeding, with three replicates (pen) per treatment. A basal diet was added with antibiotics (Control), 0.4% BV and 0.25% acidifier I (BVAI), or 0.4% BV and 0.25% acidifier II (BVAII), respectively. No significant differences were observed in feed intake, final weight, average daily gain and feed to gain ratio (P > 0.05) among different treatments. The species richness and bacterial community diversities in feces were higher for the pigs in treatment BVAI and BVAII than those of pigs in the Control (36.5 and 1.55, respectively), with a significant difference between BVAII and the Control (P < 0.05). The bacterial communities of pigs in BVAI and BVAII clustered together, forming a cluster we designated as Cluster C and separated from another cluster in pigs fed antibiotic designated as Cluster A in the Control treatment. The results indicate that the 0.4% BV and 0.25% acidifier can replace antibiotics in the diets for piglets without negative effects on production and allow for greater diversity of the intestinal bacterial community compared to antibiotics.     

微生物肥料对青梗花椰菜生长和土壤微生物特性的影响

以微生物肥料不同施用方式[A(不施肥,CK);B(施微生物肥料);C(70%化肥+微生物肥料);D(100%化肥)]进行田间试验,研究其对青梗花椰菜(Brassica oleracea)生物指标和土壤微生物学指标的影响,为寻找合理的施肥方案提供理论依据。结果表明,与CK相比,处理B、C、D可不同程度地提高青梗花椰菜株高、茎粗、叶片数等生物指标和土壤微生物学指标。不同处理下土壤微生物数量、微生物生物量均随土层的加深而降低。不同施肥处理下微生物数量表现为细菌放线菌真菌。其中,处理C效果最佳,与处理D相比,青梗花椰菜株高、茎粗、叶片数、地上鲜重、地上干重、地下鲜重、地下干重、细菌数量、放线菌数量、微生物总数、土壤微生物生物量碳、土壤微生物生物量氮和土壤微生物生物量磷分别增加了6.82%、11.53%、11.76%、9.68%、33.33%、62.5%、33.33%、34.04%~37.61%、8.42%~15.87%、32.53%~33.86%、13.56%~18.6%、3.99%、12.81%~17.99%,真菌数量减少了26.23%~32.89%。不同施肥处理下土壤微生物生物量与微生物数量存在一定程度的正相关关系。因此,70%化肥+微生物肥料对青梗花椰菜生长具有良好的促进效果。     

透明颤菌血红蛋白基因(vgb)在大肠杆菌中的高效表达

利用PCR技术将透明颠菌血红蛋白基因（vgb）克隆到融合表达载体pET28a，在大肠杆菌BL21（DE3）表达。重组蛋白在30℃诱导获得可溶表达。利用Ni^2＋亲和层析对重组蛋白进行了纯化，得到重组的透明颠菌血红蛋白，蛋白呈红色。实验现象显示重组蛋白与血红索相结合。紫外光区和可见光区波长扫描分析显示：蛋白粗提物和纯化后的血红蛋白在230nm和413nm都有强吸收峰，初步表明，尽管重组蛋白比天然蛋白多36个氨基酸，重组蛋白仍然具有生理活性。诱导后4h和6h的培养液氨基乙酰丙酸含量分别达到17mg／L和21mg／L。说明重组蛋白的表达明显促进了体内heme合成途径。     

Effects of Compound Plant Nutrients on Rumen Fermentation Parameters,Rumen Microbiota and Fatty Acid Composition of Longissimus dorsi Muscle in Finishing Small Tail Han Sheep北大核心CSCD

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of compound p1ant nutrients (CPN) on rumen fermentation parameters, rumen microbiota and fatty acid composition of longissimus dorsi musc1e in finishing sma11 tai1 Han sheep. Sixteen 4-month-o1d finishing sma11 tai1 Han sheep with an initia1 body weight (BW) of (24.18±0.31) kg were random1y divided into two groups, name1y, with 8 rep1icates per group and 1 sheep per rep1icate. The sheep in the contro1 group were fed a basa1 diet, whereas the sheep of the contro1 group (CPN group) was fed the basa1 diet supp1ementation with 3‰ CPN. The experiment 1asted for 97 days after 7 days adaption. The resu1ts showed as fo11ows: compared with the contro1 group, 1) adding CPN decreased the concentration of ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) (P<0.05); 2) CPN supp1ementation affected beta diversity of rumen microbiota; 3) the re1ative abundance of Acidobacteriota, Erysipe1otrichaceae_UCG-002, Lactobacillus, and Megasphaera were enhanced by adding CPN (P<0.05), whereas, the re1ative abundance of Bacteroidetes and Prevotella was 1ower (P<0.05); 4) the supp1ementation of CPN had no significant effect on fatty acid composition of longissimus dorsi musc1e of fattening sma11-tai1ed Han sheep (P>0.05); 5) the contents of tota1 MUFA, C18:1n9c, C14:1, C16:1, C18:2n6c, C18:3n3 and n-3PUFA in the longissimus dorsi musc1e were corre1ated with the re1ative abundance of Megasphaera, Erysipe1otrichaceae_UCG-002, Succiniclasticum and Ruminococcus (P<0.05). In conc1usion, CPN can regu1ate the rumen microbiota structure and reduce the rumen NH3-N concentration of fattening sma11-tai1ed Han sheep. In production practice, CPN can be used as a rumen eco1ogica1 regu1ator. © 2023 Authors. All rights reserved.     

不同品系杜洛克后代商品猪胴体性状的比较分析

为研究不同品系杜洛克作为终端父本对其后代商品猪胴体性状的影响,选取214和108头分别由美系和加系杜洛克公猪配种、出生时间相近(±2 d)和体重相近(35±5 kg)的后代三元商品猪进行育肥饲养,结束饲养后开展屠宰试验,测定背膘厚度、眼肌厚度、瘦肉率和肋骨数.结果显示:加系杜洛克商品后代的背膘厚度、眼肌厚度显著(P<0...     

表达马立克氏病病毒CVI988／Rispens株糖蛋白B基因的重组鸡痘病毒疫苗的免疫保护研究

用鸡痘病毒载体表达马立克氏病病毒（MDV）糖蛋白B（gB）基因构建成重组鸡痘病毒（rFPV）。以MDV　GA或Md5和RBIB混合攻毒，在不同品种的鸡中评价rFPV－gB／R单价苗和与火鸡疱疹病毒（HVT）组成的二价苗的免疫保护效力。试验结果表明，MDV疫苗和FPV母源抗体阴性的SPF鸡和母源抗体阳性的商品鸡中，rFDV－gB／R均能提供免疫保护作用，且其中一种商品蛋鸡中rFPV－gB／R与HVT液氮苗或HVT冻干苗结合使用，均有显著的免疫协同保护作用。免疫学研究指出，rFPV－gB／R与常规疫苗一样，可显著地降低疫苗免疫攻毒鸡的病毒血症和羽囊排毒。     

甘肃省集约化养猪场猪伪狂犬病的调查

伪狂犬病是由伪狂犬病病毒（ＰＲＶ）引起的多种动物的一种急性传染病，对猪的危害尤其严重，主要引起怀孕母猪流产、死胎或木乃伊胎以及产弱仔等，导致新生仔猪大量发病死亡，病死率可高达１００％；同时对成年猪呈现隐性感染或上呼吸道卡他性病症，给养猪业造成严重的经济损失。本病已在世界上５０多个国家发生暴发或流行，近几年在我国也有不少报道在集约化养猪场暴发流行了本病。甘肃省猪传染病的发病率也相当严重，仅１９９７年全省集约化养猪场和养猪专业户的各种传染病发病率就达１１％～１６％。病死猪７．１万头，病死率２．５％，…     

荞麦花粉甲醇提取物对羟基自由基致DNA损伤的保护作用

【目的】研究荞麦花粉甲醇提取物的抗氧化作用。【方法】以羟基自由基诱导2-脱氧核糖和pBR322DNA氧化损伤为模型,研究荞麦花粉甲醇提取物对羟基自由基致DNA氧化损伤的保护作用。【结果】荞麦花粉甲醇提取物的还原力,Fe2+的络合能力和对羟基自由基的清除能力均与其在反应体系中的含量成正相关。【结论】荞麦花粉是一种有效的羟基自由基清除剂;且在体外环境,对羟基自由基氧化损伤的pBR322 DNA有保护作用。     

屠宰环节检疫检验印章印油使用现状及问题分析

本文调研并整理了屠宰环节现行有效的检疫检验印章种类及印油的使用情况,分析了实际应用中存在的问题和潜在风险,并就进一步规范屠宰环节检疫检验印章及印油的使用和管理提出了建议。     

气候变化对通辽草甸草原草本植物物候期的影响

植物物候期的变化直接反映气候变化,并成为全球变化研究的重点。基于通辽市巴雅尔吐胡硕牧业气象试验站1981-2016年主要植物羊草(Leymus chinensis)、冰草(Agropyron cristatum)、委陵菜(Potentilla chinensis)、车前(Plantago asiatica)物候观测数据和同期气象观测数据,研究了气候变化对草本植物返青期、黄枯期和生长季的影响,结果表明:1)研究区近36年来年均气温上升0.35℃·10 a-1(P0.01),年均降水量减少22.73 mm·10 a-1,气候暖干化特征明显。2)草本植物返青期呈一致性延迟趋势,平均每10年延迟1.16~7.60 d。羊草、车前返青推迟主要受2-3月累计降水量减少的影响,冰草、委陵菜返青推迟主要受2-4月、3-4月累计降水量减少的影响。3)草本植物黄枯期变化趋势不同,羊草、冰草黄枯期延迟主要受夏季、初秋累计降水量影响,委陵菜黄枯期提前主要受夏季、初秋的累计降水量和日照时数共同影响,车前草黄枯期延迟主要受夏季、初秋平均气温影响。4)草本植物生长季长度主要受气温和降水量影响。气候变暖后,研究区夏季、生长季平均气温显著上升,降水量逐渐减少,导致羊草、冰草、委陵菜生长季缩短;而车前对气温反应比较敏感,气温升高有利于车前生长季延长。