藏北地区土壤水分遥感反演模型的研究

土壤水分是反映地表土壤特性的重要表征参量,也是遥感反演领域的一个热点问题。利用MODIS卫星数据第7波段对水分变化较敏感的特点,构建了一种简单实用的土壤水分反演回归模型。结果表明,利用该模型计算的预测值与实地观测值间的相关性比较好,达到了显著水平(P0.001),可以作为研究区土壤含水量遥感反演回归模型。由于该方法具有简单实用的特点,为高原土壤水分遥感监测提供了可行的方法。     

那曲东部土壤水分MODIS遥感反演研究

利用那曲东部2014年8月至2015年7月土壤水分观测资料与同期MODIS数据建立了研究区土壤水分遥感监测模型。表观热惯量法(ATI)反演土壤水分结果不理想,基于MODIS 8天合成数据以及晴空数据拟合结果的决定系数分别为0.4503和0.3753,晴空条件下ATI方法监测效果较差。基于单窗方法建立的四种模型中,三次多项式模型拟合效果较好,决定系数为0.5475,分析认为排除冬季数据后建模效果更好。结论:基于单窗方法的三次多项式模型能较好的反演研究区土壤水分,不足之处为对天气要求较高,若无晴空遥感数据,将影响土壤水分监测工作的开展。     

Spatiotemporal dynamics of the agricultural landscape mosaic drives distribution and abundance of dominant carabid beetles

Context

Agroecosystems are dynamic, with yearly changing proportions of crops. Explicit consideration of this temporal heterogeneity is required to decipher population and community patterns but remains poorly studied.

Objectives

We evaluated the impact on the activity-density of two dominant carabid species (Poecilus cupreus and Anchomenus dorsalis) of (1) local crop, current year landscape composition, and their interaction, and (2) inter-annual changes in landscape composition due to crop rotations.

Methods

Carabids were sampled using pitfall-traps in 188 fields of winter cereals and oilseed rape in three agricultural areas of western France contrasting in their spatial heterogeneity. We summarized landscape composition in the current and previous years in a multi-scale perspective, using buffers of increasing size around sampling locations.

Results

Both species were more abundant in oilseed rape, and in landscapes with a higher proportion of oilseed rape in the previous year. P. cupreus abundance was negatively influenced by oilseed rape proportion in the current year landscape in winter cereals and positively by winter cereal proportion in oilseed rape. A. dorsalis was globally impacted at finer scales than P. cupreus.

Conclusions

Resource concentration and dilution-concentration processes jointly appear to cause transient dynamics of population abundance and distribution among habitat patches. Inter-patch movements across years appear to be key drivers of carabids’ survival and distribution, in response to crop rotation. Therefore, the explicit consideration of the spatiotemporal dynamics of landscape composition can allow future studies to better evidence ecological processes behind observed species patterns and help developing new management strategies.

     

覆膜栽培对西藏春油菜生长、产量和品质的影响

地膜覆盖作为一项有效的旱作增产技术,可显著改善土壤水温生态条件,促进植物生长发育。为了解覆膜栽培对西藏春油菜生长、产量和品质的影响,以‘山油4号’为研究材料,在大田试验条件下,分析了覆膜栽培对西藏春油菜生育期、干物质积累、农艺性状、产量和品质的影响。结果表明：覆膜栽培缩短生育期5天,株高、分枝部位、一次有效分枝数、单株有效角果数、单角粒数均较露地栽培升高,千粒重降低。覆膜栽培产量为2601.67 kg/hm²,较露地栽培增产508.34 kg/hm²,增产率为24.28%。籽粒含油量增加了2.4%,芥酸和硫甙含量变化不大。说明覆膜栽培技术可以提高西藏春油菜的产量和品质,可作为一项重要的栽培措施在西藏油菜生产上运用。