生物性不育剂防治林业鼠害试验

通过生物性不育剂防治森林害鼠试验,结果表明,雌成年鼠怀胎率下降55%,高投药量会得到高效。     

水热预处理对猪粪厌氧消化系统中磺胺嘧啶降解的影响

为进一步了解水热预处理对猪粪连续厌氧消化过程中磺胺嘧啶（sulfadiazine, SDZ）降解机制的影响,以及对厌氧消化系统性能的影响效果。该研究以猪粪为对象,对比研究了水热预处理对厌氧发酵模式下SDZ的降解变化规律与途径及其对猪粪产气性能的影响。研究结果表明：水热预处理（150 ℃）使中温连续厌氧反应器中的SDZ的综合去除率显著提升（P <0.05）,由40.5%～58.5%提高到54.4%～75.2%;并且通过中间降解产物推测SDZ的生物降解途径主要包括SDZ水解、羟基化、硫脱氧、氨基氧化、嘧啶环裂解等;在厌氧消化性能方面,水热预处理使稳定运行后反应器的日产沼气量提高了约34.05%（P <0.05）。此外,对反应器中微生物群落分析后,发现Syntrophomonas、Sedimentibacter与SDZ的降解高度相关,并且经过水热预处理后Sedimentibacter的相对丰度较未水热预处理显著提升。因此,水热预处理耦合厌氧消化工艺具有同步提高SDZ降解和厌氧消化性能的作用,有助于进一步提高沼液的生态安全性。     

大麦条纹病病菌对大麦叶片防御酶活性的影响

为探究大麦对条纹病菌侵染的生理响应机制,以高感品种Alexis为试验材料,测定接种大麦条纹病病菌后0、3、6、9和12 d不同时间点的大麦叶片内防御酶及叶绿素相对含量的变化。结果表明:随着侵染时间的延长,超氧化物歧化酶活性、脯氨酸含量和过氧化氢酶的活性先上升后下降,与对照相比,平均增幅分别为27.58%、70.55%、32.71%;过氧化物酶在接种后第6天略有下降,但整体呈上升趋势,平均增幅为39.38%;丙二醛和叶绿素相对含量呈下降趋势,且均低于对照,平均降幅为11.21%、46.39%,病害越重,叶绿素下降的幅度越大,最大降幅为84.34%。综上所述,高感品种Alexis在不同时间段应答大麦条纹病病菌胁迫的生理生化反应不同。     

刈割干扰对羊草草甸草原植物功能群及多样性的影响

【目的】刈割是草原主要利用方式之一,植物功能群和群落物种多样性是判别干扰条件下草地生态系统退化的重要生态学指标。研究不同刈割干扰下羊草草甸草原植物功能群和群落物种多样性的变化,了解刈割干扰下草原功能群与多样性变化过程和机制,为退化割草地生态恢复提供理论依据。【方法】以呼伦贝尔羊草草甸草原时空刈割配置为试验平台,于2014—2018年植物生长最旺盛的季节(即每年8月初),采用样方法对各个小区进行群落植被调查。分析一年一割(G1)、两年一割(G2)、漏割带10 m(G3)、漏割带5 m(G4)和对照(CK)处理下草甸草原群落功能群和物种多样性变化以及刈割时间和不同刈割处理间的交互作用,探讨植物功能群与群落物种多样性的相关关系。【结果】研究发现羊草(Leymus chinensis)在不同刈割制度下均为优势物种,但是随着刈割频次的增加呈现出羊草重要值逐渐降低,退化指示物种星毛委陵菜(Potentilla acaulis)、披针叶黄华(Thermopsis lanceolate)等重要值增加的趋势;两年一割处理下羊草、糙隐子草(Cleistogenes squarrosa)、长柱沙参(Aden...     

复盐胁迫对几种燕麦种子萌发指数的影响

采用加拿大7种燕麦(A.nuda)种子,在不同梯度的Na2SO4、NaCl等组分盐溶液中进行发芽试验.结果表明:复盐胁迫下,种子开始发芽的时间推迟,发芽过程延长,随着盐胁迫浓度的增加,7种燕麦种子的发芽率、发芽势和发芽指数、简易活力指数均有不同程度的降低,而盐害指数升高,且不同品种间存在显著或极显著差异;随复盐浓度的增...     

腐植酸浸种对盐碱胁迫下小麦根系抗氧化系统的影响

采用中性盐( NaCl)和碱性盐(NaHCO3)混合模拟不同浓度盐碱胁迫条件,对龙麦26和克旱16两种同基因型春小麦进行腐植酸浸种处理.分别测定根系氧离子自由基、丙二醛和谷胱甘肽含量,以及过氧化物酶超氧化物歧化酶活性,以探讨腐植酸对盐碱两种胁迫下小麦根系抗氧化系统的调控效应.结果表明:随着盐碱迫浓度的提高,小麦幼苗根系...     

优化施肥对春小麦产量、氮素利用及氮平衡的影响

2009 ～ 2010年,在宁夏引黄灌区分别以宁春11号和宁春16号小麦为供试作物,利用田间试验研究了优化施肥(OPT)和习惯施肥(CON)对春小麦产量、氮素吸收利用和土壤硝态氮累积的影响,表观评估了土壤—小麦体系氮素平衡.结果表明,相对于CK处理,OPT和CON都显著提高春小麦籽粒产量地上部生物量,并促进籽粒N和地上...     

产量和株型性状良好的抗晚斑病花生新种质创制

花生晚斑病抗性常与不良的产量和株型性状相连锁,为发现更多综合性状优良的抗晚斑病品种,以感病亲本中花5号和抗病亲本ICGV 86699及其杂交构建的重组自交系群体（recombined inbreed lines, RIL）为材料,进行晚斑病抗性、产量和株型相关性状的调查,以筛选综合性状优良的抗病新种质。结果表明,4个环境下共发现18个稳定高抗和26个稳定中抗晚斑病的家系;在两个环境中对百果重和单株结果数进行考察,筛选出38个百果重（≥180.0 g）和单株果数（≥20.0个）都比较大的家系;同样,在两个环境中筛选出主茎高（30～60 cm）和总分枝数（≤20.0个）适中的家系54个。综合分析晚斑病病害等级、产量和株型相关性状,共鉴定出4份产量和株型相关性状优良的抗晚斑病新种质,其中1份高抗晚斑病,3份为中抗晚斑病。该研究结果为培育综合性状优良的抗晚斑病花生品种奠定了理论和材料基础。     

Study on Developmental Expression of ApoCⅡ Gene mRNA in Liver Tissues of Pigs

The aim of this study was to investigate the developmental patterns of ApoCⅡ gene mRNA in liver in Mashen and Large White pigs, and study the relationship between the expression level of ApoCⅡ and the lipid metabolism in pigs.The mRNA relative expressions of ApoCⅡ gene in liver at seven stages of 1,30,60,90,120,150,and 180-day old in Mashen and Large White pigs were determined by quantitative Real-time PCR.The results showed that the developmental trend of ApoCⅡ mRNA expression in liver between Mashen and Large White pigs was different.The ApoCⅡ mRNA abundance was decreased from birth to 60-day old,then increased at 90-day old,and decreased again after that in Mashen pig.However,the relative expression amount in Large White pig was gradually decreased from birth to 150-day old and increased again at 180-day old.Except for the ApoCⅡ mRNA expression amount at 1-day old,the differences of the expression amount at other stages in Mashen and Large White pigs were significant or extremely significant (P<0.05 or P<0.01).The ApoCⅡ mRNA expression in liver was affected by age and breed,and could play an important role in lipid metabolism in pigs.     

Locomotion Score and Its Impacts on Production Performance and Blood Routine Indexes in Chinese Holstein

To investigate the influencing factors of locomotion score (LS) and its impacts on production performance and blood routine index in Holstein,body condition score (BCS),LS and DHI (dairy herd improvement) of 1 486 lactating cows from two dairy farms,and the blood routine indexes of 101 lactating cows from one farm in Beijing were measured.The fixed model was used to analyze the impacts of herd,parity and lactation stage on LS,and the impacts of LS and BCS on daily milk yield,somatic cell score,milk composition and blood routine indexes in dairy cows.The results showed that both parity and lactation stage had significant impacts on LS.The LS increased with the increase of parit,the LS increased by 0.71 from first lactation to fifth and above lactation.The LS of cow in lactation stage Ⅲ(100-199 d) and Ⅵ (after 350 d) were significantly higher than cow in stage Ⅱ (45-99 d)(P<0.05),and both were higher than 2.The LS had no significant impacts on daily milk yield,milk composition and somatic cell score (P>0.05).However,the milk yield of the cow with LS≥4 was the lowest,and a decrease of 2.29 kg was found compared with the cow with LS=1.Among the various blood routine indexes,LS had significant impacts on red blood cell count,hemoglobin content,mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration and lymphocyte count (P<0.05),and had no significant impacts on white blood cell count (P>0.05).With the increase of LS,the red blood cell count,hemoglobin content,mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration and lymphocyte count of cows decreased with different extents.There were some problems on the body immunity and hematopoiesis of cows with poor LS.In dairy farm,regular evaluation of LS could be used to find the management problems of feet and legs,which had a great significance to reduce the loss of production performance and early culling caused by hoof disease.