蜂胶中黄酮类化合物的保健功能

现代医学研究发现,很多治疗心脏病和脑血栓的有效药物,用于活血化瘀、清热、解毒、消炎的中药,用于美容、治疗前列腺疾病的蜂花粉,用于治疗心脑血管病的银杏叶中均含有丰富的黄酮类化合物。黄酮类化合物的多种多样生理活性,早已引起国内外医学界的高度重视。根据国内外有关药理及临床实验结果证实,蜂胶中所含丰富的黄酮类化合物确有多种医疗保健功能。1抗氧化、清除自由基利用氧是生命活动的基本特征,没有氧,生命活动就不能进行,人类维持生命主要依靠人体摄取食物在体内发生氧化作用所产生的热能来维持。机体在氧化反应中部分氧产生过氧化氢…     

杜氏盐藻MAPK基因植物表达载体的构建及对烟草的转化

以载体pBI121为基础,经SmaI和BamHI单酶切后,构建了植物表达载体pBI121-MAPK,并通过农杆菌介导采用叶盘转化法将其转入烟草中,经卡那霉素抗性筛选,获得转基因抗性植株。经PCR检测表明pBI121-MAPK已整和到烟草基因组中。     

中国加入WTO对广东省畜牧业的影响及对策

1999年4月10日，中美两国签署了《中美农业合作协议》，中国加入WTO已成定势，这意味着中国将要进一步开放农产品市场，迎接国外农产品强有力的挑战，目前我国农业基础设施薄弱，抗风险能力较差，生产规模较小，技术水平落后，生产成本相对较高，农产品竞争力较弱，加入WTO，国内农业生产无疑将受到冲击，而我国的畜牧业，已步入世界肉类大国的行列，1999年我国的肉类和禽蛋产量分别为5935．7万吨和2148．8万吨，已分别占世界总产量的26．3％和40．2％，在亚洲约占三分之二，肉、蛋生产均居世界第一；我国奶类总产量为1065万吨，占世界总产量的1．9％，居世界第14位，1999年肉、蛋、奶人均占有量分别为46．8公斤、17．2公斤、8．4公斤，肉类和蛋类人均占有量都超过世界平均水平，全世界人均肉、蛋、奶占有量分别为37．7公斤、8．9公斤和93．9公斤，我国畜牧业的地位和发展潜力越来越为世人瞩目。     

酵母β-葡聚糖和抗生素对早期断奶犊牛生长性能和肠道菌群的影响

分别在犊牛代乳粉中添加酵母β-葡聚糖和杆菌肽锌,研究其对早期断奶犊牛生长性能及肠道微生物菌群变化的影响。选取20头新生荷斯坦公犊牛,随机分为4个处理,每个处理5个重复,每个重复1头牛,分别饲喂以下日粮:试验A组为基础日粮组(对照组)、试验B、C组均为基础日粮+酵母β-葡聚糖75mg·kg-1、试验D组为基础日粮+杆菌肽锌60mg·kg-1。试验全期共28d,每日记录犊牛采食量、每2周逐一称重并计算日增体质量,在试验第21天晨饲时,给A、B、D3组犊牛口服大肠杆菌(O141∶K99)肉汤培养基进行攻毒,C组继续正常饲喂。于试验第28天晨饲前,采集犊牛直肠内约10cm处靠近上壶腹黏膜部的粪便样品用于测定肠道微生物区系变化。结果显示,大肠杆菌攻毒前,B组犊牛0～14d和14～21d两阶段ADG比A组分别提高了26.18%和24.93%(P0.05);攻毒后,B、D组21～28dADG比A组分别提高了30.38%、30.82%(P0.05)。试验各期F/G,B、D组均显著低于A组(P0.05)。与A组相比,B、D组犊牛攻毒后12和24h时,直肠中大肠杆菌数量显著降低(P0.05),同时D组犊牛直肠中乳酸杆菌数量也显著降低(P0.05);C组犊牛直肠中乳酸杆菌数量显著高于A组(P0.05)。利用变性梯度凝胶电泳(DGGE)技术分析显示,B、C两组条带数多于A、D组,且C组与A、D组相比差异显著(P0.05);不同试验组犊牛的总菌区系相似性处于50%～75%。结果表明,在代乳粉中添加75mg·kg-1酵母β-葡聚糖可改善犊牛肠道微生物区系,优化肠道微生物结构,从而保证犊牛健康生长,并能在一定程度上替代或减少抗生素的使用。     

The Productive Performance and the Correlation Analysis Between Hatchability and Egg Quality in Jiangxi Green-eggshell Layers

The purpose of this study was to provide the reference to Jiangxi Green-eggshell breeding through the analysis of laying performance, hatchability and egg quality in the first generation of Jiangxi Green-eggshell layers at 300-days old. 306 Jiangxi Green-eggshell layers and 80 eggs were selected to determine the laying performance, hatchability and egg quality among families, and the correlation between the hatchability and egg quality were analyzed also. The results were as fellows:The average body weight of these hens was 1 596.99 g, the average egg weight was 50.57 g, the average egg-laying number was 14.53, the average fertility rate was 93.69%, the average dead fertile egg rate was 5.55%, the average healthy chick rate was 84.3%, the average dead embryo egg rate was 13.9%, the average egg shape index was 1.28, the average Haugh unit was 71.77, and the average eggshell strength was 4.44 kg/cm². The healthy chick rate and the egg weight had significant correlation,as well as the eggshell color and the egg shape index (P < 0.05). The healthy chick rate had extremely significantly correlation with the dead fertile egg rate(P < 0.01), as well as the eggshell strength and the eggshell thickness (P < 0.01). Generally, the first generation of Jiangxi Green-eggshell layers had good egg quality, higher laying performance and hatchability, but they still need to be further selected.     

Effects of Photoperiod on Stem Cells Activation in Cashmere Goat Hair Follicles

In order to extend the anagen of cashmere goat hair follicles and increase the production of cashmere,this study was performed with artificially shorten the daylight time among Arbas White cashmere goats. Skin tissue sections from cashmere goats were collected to compare the morphologic changes between artificial daylight and natural daylight,and immunohistochemical method was used to study the hair follicle cell proliferation and important protein expression in related signaling pathways. The results showed that strong cell proliferation occurred in cashmere goat hair follicle cells during artificial daylight,plenty of cytokeratin 15 (K15) positive signals were distributed in the outer root sheath,β-catenin protein was actively expressed in hair matrix and root sheath, indicating that the hair follicles were in the anagen growth phase;Meanwhile,cashmere goat hair follicles under natural daylight were in telogen with weak signals. Above all prove that short photoperiod played an important role in promoting hair follicle growth,the artificial short photoperiod could change hair follicle growth cycle and make hair follicles earlier enter to the anagen growth phase,causing a variety of typical gene expressions during hair follicle growth.     

五指山小型猪DAZAP2 cDNA的克隆及其生物信息学分析

为了克隆五指山小型猪DAZ相关蛋白2(DAZAP2)cDNA全长并进行生物信息学分析,试验以构建的五指山小型猪外周血白细胞cDNA文库为材料,采用菌落PCR方法克隆得到DAZAP2全长cDNA序列,并运用生物信息学软件对其核苷酸序列进行分析,预测其编码蛋白的理化性质及二级结构等。结果表明:五指山小型猪DAZAP2基因的核苷酸序列及其氨基酸序列与人、苏门达腊猩猩、斑马鱼、非洲爪蟾、牛、褐家鼠等动物具有很高的相似性。DAZAP2 cDNA全长943 bp,5’非翻译区长69 bp,3’非翻译区长367 bp,含有1个完整的开放阅读框,编码168个氨基酸。该蛋白的分子质量为17 311 ku,等电点为7.48。     

中国荷斯坦牛初产日龄遗传评估及全基因组关联分析

基于高通量SNPs测序的全基因组关联分析为奶牛繁殖性状相关基因的探索提供了契机。本研究基于课题组前期中国荷斯坦牛基因组测序芯片的结果,通过DMU(v 6.0)采用AI-REML结合EM算法的动物模型对北京地区2001-2011年10年间19 111头中国荷斯坦母牛初产日龄记录进行遗传参数估计,并应用PLINK(v 1.07)将大群估计的2 172头中国荷斯坦母牛初产日龄性状的育种值(EBV)作为表型值,进行基于无关群体设计的全基因组关联分析。通过全基因组水平的Bonferroni校正,共检测到1 700个SNPs与初产日龄显著相关。选取P值达到10-15的43个SNPs进行初步分析,其中12个位于X染色体上。显著SNPs上下游200kb范围内存在KLHL4、TRAM1、TRAM2、ZNF438、MATK等繁殖障碍疾病相关基因。7号染色体1 Mb(20.42~21.52 Mb)区域内多个SNPs位点与初产日龄显著相关。这些基因和区域可以作为影响初产日龄性状的重要候选基因和区域,为揭示奶牛繁殖性状的分子遗传基础积累了素材。     

基因重排H1N2亚型猪流感病毒的分离鉴定和生物学特性的研究

本研究对2005年～2006年广西和海南省疑似猪流感(SD)病猪的组织病料进行了病毒分离,并对分离毒株进行了亚型鉴定和生物学特性的研究.结果显示:分离的3株流感病毒均为H1N2亚型猪流感病毒(SIV).能凝集多种动物的红细胞,但凝集谱与以往报道略有不同;为热不稳定型病毒;在电镜下可观察到典型流感病毒粒子.动物试验显示:小白鼠、大白鼠和家兔对分离毒株不敏感,而豚鼠较敏感.能较好地复制出流感症状和病理变化;本体试验动物仅有轻微的临床症状,但能检测到抗体升高的变化,并能从鼻腔和上呼吸道检测和分离到SIV.核苷酸同源性分析显示:分离毒株Sw/GX/17/05、Sw/GX/13/06和Sw/HN/1/05的血凝素(HA)基因分别与基因重排H1N2 亚型SIV A/Swine/lndiana 9K035/99、A/SW/MN/23124-T/01和A/swine/Zhejiang/1/04的核苷酸同源性最高,分别达97.4%、97.0%和95.7%;神经氨酸酶(NA)基因均与基因重排H1N2 亚型流感病毒A/Trurkey/MO/24093/99 的核苷酸同源性最高,达97.2%～98.0%.核苷酸同源性分析进一步证实了分离毒株为基因重排H1N2亚型SIV.