波叶大黄白粉病病原菌的鉴定

正波叶大黄Rheum rhabarbarum L.隶属于蓼科Polygonaceae大黄属Rheum,是一种重要的药用植物。白粉病多发生在波叶大黄的叶部,会影响其光合作用进而降低其药用价值。据笔者统计,目前关于蓼白粉菌Erysiphe polygoni DC.在世界范围内的报道有很多~([1~9]),但其中关于蓼科Polygonaceae波叶大黄白粉病病原菌的报道较少,目前仅有1个     

灰霉菌侵染对番茄幼苗活性氧积累及抗氧化酶活性的影响

为进一步分析活性氧和抗氧化防御系统在番茄抗病信号调控机制中的作用,为提高产量和品质提供科学依据,以4叶1心的番茄幼苗为试验材料,比较番茄幼苗受灰霉菌侵染后叶片O_2~-·以及抗氧化酶、内源褪黑素等的变化。结果表明:番茄幼苗接种灰霉菌后,随着时间的延长,幼苗叶片上病斑斑点逐渐增多,灰霉菌含量显著增多,叶色逐渐变浅,植株表现明显的发病症状;灰霉病菌侵染后番茄体内O_2~-·活性爆发,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化物酶(POD)活性下降,过氧化氢酶(CAT)和谷胱甘肽还原酶(GR)活性上升,褪黑素含量增加;上述变化都是番茄幼苗为了抵御灰霉菌的生物胁迫而发生的应激反应。综上,植物在遭受病原菌等生物胁迫时不能简单地推断SOD、CAT和POD等抗氧化酶活性一定升高,植物抵御病原菌侵染更多地依赖于抗性信号路径中信号物质的激活和积累。     

环境治理中政府间利益博弈与机制设计

在环境治理中，中央政府和地方政府作为“经济人”为争取自身利益最大化展开竞争博弈，效用目标差异是导致其竞争的根本原因。为实现双方互利共赢的帕累托最优，应设计相应的激励机制以实现地方政府从竞争走向合作，实现地方利益与区域利益的统一，经济增长和环境协调一致，促进社会可持续发展。     

Infections Investigation of ALV and REV in Guangxi Local Poultry Breeds and Sequence Analysis of gp85 Gene of ALV Isolates

In order to investigate the infection status of avian leukosis virus (ALV) and avian reticuloendotheliosis virus (REV) in the major local breeds of Qinzhou,Guangxi,totally 953 samples of egg white,cloaca swab and serum of Ma duck,Shitou goose,Tiejiao-Ma chicken,turkey and pigeon were collected from the representing flocks and detected by the commercial ELISA kits.ALV was isolated for the ALV p27 positive samples by culturing on DF-1 cells,and gp85 gene was sequenced.The results showed that the detections of ALV were negative in the samples except those of Tiejiao-Ma chicken,while REV antibody was found positive in Ma duck,Tiejiao-Ma chicken and turkey.The nucleotide sequences of gp85 gene of two isolates shared 94.5% identity with each other,and shared 86.9% to 94.9% with reference strains.The amino acid sequences of gp85 gene of two isolates shared 91.5% identity with each other,and shared 84.0% to 91.6% with reference strains.There were many variable sites in the hyper variable region hr1 and hr2,and the vr2 and vr3 variable regions were relatively conservative.Phylogenetic tree analysis showed that the two isolates shared the highest homology with SCAU11-XG strain.     

Analysis on Target Genes with Mutation in microRNA of Blue-shelled Chicken and White Leghorn

The study was conducted to explore the potential different characters between Blue-shelled chicken and White leghorn.Global genome microRNA was combined the identified microRNA with complementary lab-predicted microRNA.Then the two breed chicken's SNP data got by GGRS were mapped to the microRNA and focused on SNP that deliberately located in mature-microRNA.Bioinformatics method was adopted for target prediction on microRNA which had SNPs.By further gene enrichment analysis,the study found these genes enriched in 22 GO terms,10 KEGG pathways,and 3 IPA important networks.And they enriched in traits which associated with growth,such as mTOR signaling pathways,Wnt signaling pathways,growth hormone receptor networks and insulin-like growth factor Ⅰ receptor networks.And they also enriched in some laying traits,such as oocyte meiotic signaling pathways and progesterone mature oocytes signaling pathways.The methods and the results might provide references for further studies.     

阅读辅导服务在现代图书馆建设中的作用

本文主要阐明了阅读辅导的含义,论述了阅读辅导服务对现代图书馆建设的作用。     

灯盏花成分专用型种源评价与鉴定

收集和鉴定了云南省和贵州省共46份灯盏花种质资源,筛选出适合生产不同药品的成分专用型种源,为专用型品种选育提供参考。利用HPLC测定了灯盏花种源10种活性成分含量,相关分析阐明各成分含量间的相关性,聚类分析对种质资源进行分类。结果表明：16份灯盏花种源灯盏乙素（scutellarin, SE）含量在2.5%以上,是培育灯盏花素专用型品种的优良材料,其中4份种源同时含有高含量（>1.0%）的双咖啡酰奎宁酸酯（dicaffeoylquinic acids, diCQAs）,是培育灯盏细辛专用型品种的优良材料;同时,筛选出8份总黄酮（total flavonoids, TFs）含量高于3.5%的种源,适合选育总黄酮专用品种。相关性分析表明,SE含量与diCQAs和TFs含量均显著正相关,是灯盏花品质育种的标志性成分。聚类分析将灯盏花种源分为三大类,除1个种源的SE含量和diCQAs含量接近（第Ⅲ类）外,其他种源SE均占总活性成分的60%以上,其中第Ⅰ类为高TFs型种源,TFs占到总活性成分的80%以上,diCQAs占总成分的15%以下;第Ⅱ类为高diCQAs型种源,diCQAs占总成分的16.9%~28.9%,TFs占到总活性成分的80%以下。该结果表明灯盏花种源活性成分组成存在多种类型,为专用型品种选育提供了可能,灯盏乙素含量可以作为专用型种源筛选的首要指标。     

森林可持续经营的社会福利效应分析

森林具有较强的正外部性,森林的可持续经营对保持和维护森林的外部性具有很强的作用.分析了森林可持续经营的意义及世界主要国家关于森林可持续经营方面的立法,研究人工林和天然林在自给自足和自由贸易情况下实施可持续经营的社会福利效应,并对我国森林实施可持续经营进行了展望.     

河西绿洲节水高效种植模式水资源效率研究

针对石羊河流域水资源缺乏、种植业生产受限的问题,比较了武威市凉州区19种种植模式的水资源利用效率。结果表明,马铃薯和油葵较春小麦(CK1)节水25%且分别增收84.21%和31.58%;低耗水型模式玉米/豌豆和油葵/豌豆的水分利用效率较传统模式春小麦/春玉米(CK2)提高38.2%和52.9%,水分经济利用效率提高51.6%和125%,水分能量生产效率提高40.72%和49.81%;日光温室中,辣椒、西瓜和双孢菇的节水增收效果较好。由此提出发展马铃薯、油葵等低耗水高效模式,以玉米/豌豆、油葵/豌豆替代高耗水型模式春小麦/春玉米,日光温室重点发展辣椒、西瓜和双孢菇等作物的建议。