河南省不同轮作区双低杂交油菜氮磷钾肥的效应研究

确定河南省不同轮作区冬油菜的最佳氮、磷、钾施肥配比,为河南省油菜的配方施肥提供科学依据。以丰油10号为冬油菜供试品种,在基追比为7:3的基础上,采用“3414”最优回归设计,研究氮磷钾不同施肥处理对油菜产量、农学利用率、养分生产力及经济效益等的影响,并通过一元二次回归方程确定不同轮作区油菜的最佳施肥方案。结果表明各施肥处理中,稻油轮作潢川2个试验点达到最高产量的施肥配方为N₂P₂K₃,平均产量为3 204.15kg/hm ²,其经济效益最高,为13 485.5元/hm ²。氮肥（N）、磷肥（P₂O₅）、钾肥（K₂O）平均增收15.33、22.20和22.17kg/kg。因此稻油轮作中磷钾较低地区的最佳施肥处理为N₂P₂K₃,与一元二次效应方程得出的最佳施肥量结果基本一致。玉米-油菜轮作区南阳试验点获得最高经济效益的施肥配方为N₁P₁K₂,产量为2 801.4kg/hm ²,经济效益为12 599.4元/hm ²,相比最高产量的施肥配方N₂P₃K₂,产值减少875.3元/hm ²,经济效益增长472.4元/hm ²。氮肥（N）、磷肥（P₂O₅）、钾肥（K₂O）平均增收4.05、6.07和5.87kg/kg。因此玉米-油菜轮作磷钾较高地区最佳施肥处理为N₁P₁K₂,是获得高产和高经济效益的施肥配方。     

植物中镉及其螯合物相关转运蛋白研究进展

镉是一种毒性极强的重金属污染物,土壤和大气中的镉通过植物根和叶的吸收在其体内积累。镉不仅影响植物的正常生理代谢过程,严重降低作物产量和品质,还可通过食物链的传递和富集危害人类身体健康。镉胁迫条件下植物会通过一系列的生理反应来减轻镉损伤,其中镉及其螯合物相关转运蛋白在植物抗镉毒害中起重要作用。金属转运蛋白是一类位于植物组织膜上的运输蛋白,其参与金属元素的吸收、转运和区隔过程。目前利用基因工程和现代分子生物学技术,已经鉴定出一系列镉及其螯合物相关转运蛋白,主要包括锌/铁转运蛋白（ZIP）、天然抗性相关巨噬细胞蛋白（NRAMP）、重金属ATP酶（HMA）、金属耐受蛋白（MTP）、阳离子交换体（CAX）、ATP结合盒转运蛋白（ABC）、黄色条纹转运蛋白（YSL）等家族。本文从植物细胞、亚细胞水平综述与镉吸收和转运相关的转运蛋白的分子生物学研究进展,为更好地了解镉在植物体内的差异积累原理、植物抗镉毒害机理和植物吸收转运镉的分子机制提供理论依据。     

Triplex real-time PCR detection of three quarantine Phytophthora pathogens infecting Malus Miller

Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection - In order to develop a simultaneous and specific molecular detection of the three quarantine Phytophthora pathogens, Phytophthora hibernalis, Phytophthora...     

Agronomic performance of late-season rice in South China

Improving rice yields is critical for global food security. China is a major rice-producing country having two rice cropping systems, i.e. single-season rice cropping system and a double-season system with both early- and late-season rice. There have been reports on the sink-source traits contributing to high grain yield for single- and early-season rice, but such information is limited for late-season rice. In this study, field experiments were conducted at the research farm of Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi Province, China in the late rice-growing season. Grain yield and sink-source traits were compared among five cultivars (Guiliangyou 2, Teyou 838, Y-liangyou 087, Teyou 582, and Yuxiangyouzhan) in 2012 and then three cultivars (Guiliangyou 2, Teyou 838, and Y-liangyou 087) in 2013. Y-liangyou 087 produced 6–26% higher grain yield than did the other cultivars. This higher grain yield was driven by improvements in sink-source capacity. Sink capacity was 8–31% higher in Y-liangyou 087 than in the other cultivars. Well-balanced relations between spikelets m^?2 and grain weight was responsible for the higher sink capacity in Y-liangyou 087. The result was that Y-liangyou 087 produced 11–17% greater biomass (source capacity) than did the other cultivars. The greater source capacity in Y-liangyou 087 was mainly attributed to higher radiation use efficiency (RUE). Our study suggests that enhancing sink capacity through balanced relations between number of spikelets per unit land area and grain size, while improving source capacity through increasing RUE is a feasible way to achieve higher grain yield of late-season rice in South China.     

南方丘陵区耕地土壤养分空间特征及其影响因素

以江西省峡江县为研究对象,采集样点,获取土壤有机质、有效磷、速效钾、碱解氮等土壤养分数据,借助地统计软件对土壤养分的各类因子进行空间变异性分析与空间自相关分析,探究其主要影响因子。结果表明:峡江县耕地土壤养分分布符合正态分布,碱解氮含量总体丰富,有机质与速效钾含量属于中等水平,有效磷含量偏低。有机质、有效磷均属于中等变异性,速效钾属于强烈空间变异性,碱解氮空间变异性较弱。研究区西部耕地土壤养分含量总体低于东部。研究区高程较高区域有较高的土壤养分含量,坡度、坡度变率、土壤侵蚀程度较大区域土壤养分含量较低。成土母质中砂质岩类风化物分布区土壤养分较高,酸性结晶岩类风化物分布区土壤养分含量较低。     

大宁河龙溪段鱼类早期资源研究

为了解十年禁渔背景下大宁河鱼类早期资源变化状况,2020和2021年5-7月在大宁河龙溪断面开展了鱼类早期资源现状的调查。结果表明,龙溪江段产浮性卵鱼类1种、漂流性卵鱼类4种、粘沉性卵鱼类19种;中华纹胸鮡（Glyptothorax sinensis）和大眼鳜（Siniperca kneri）的产卵规模相对较大,其卵占比分别达48%和30%以上;2020年的鱼类卵苗资源量和种类都少于2021年。RDA分析结果显示,中华纹胸鮡（Glyptothorax sinensis）、张氏?(Hemiculter tchangi)鱼卵漂流密度与水温变化呈现一定相关性,适宜水温促使中华纹胸鮡（Glyptothorax sinensis）、张氏?(Hemiculter tchangi)产卵;随着流速和流量增加,多鳞白甲鱼(Scaphesthes macrolepis)和云南盘鮈(Discogobio yunnanensis)卵漂流密度均相应增加;大眼鳜（Siniperca kneri）和峨眉后平鳅(Metahomaloptera omeiensis)产卵期间江水酸碱度相对较低。十年禁渔的实施对大宁河鱼类资源的恢复可能产生积极影响。     

Protein expression profiling in haemocytes and plasma of the Manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum in response to infection with Perkinsus olseni

The protein expression profiling in clam haemocytes and plasma in response to Perkinsus olseni was addressed. Adult Manila clams from a P. olseni‐free bed were experimentally challenged with parasite zoospores to analyse immune response. In another experiment, the effects of longer term infection were assessed in adult clams collected from a P. olseni‐affected bed, by comparing moderate to very heavily infected clams with non‐infected ones. Haemocyte and plasma proteins were separated by two‐dimensional electrophoresis; spot patterns were qualitatively compared between treatments within each experiment and the spots indicating differential protein expression associated with P. olseni challenge or with field infection were processed for protein identification. Fifteen clam proteins (four in haemocytes and eleven in plasma) of which expression was markedly affected by P. olseni were identified. Some of the identified proteins have a well‐known role in clam immune response against the parasite, such as lysozyme and lectins. Rho GTPase‐activating protein 6 could be a marker of resistance against P. olseni, which should be further studied.     

Evaluation of the antimicrobial activity of 9-oxo-agerophorone against soil borne pathogens

Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection - 9-Oxo-agerophorone is a cadinene sesquiterpene, isolated from the leaves of Eupatorium adenophorum. This study evaluated the antimicrobial activity of...