毛细管气相色谱法测试瘤胃液VFA可行性的研究

以羊瘤胃液为样品,选择极性FFAP毛细管柱,利用气相色谱外标法测定瘤胃液中VFA的含量。结果表明,程序升温初始柱温110℃,升温速率为10℃/min至150℃保持5min,可以有效的分离乙酸、丙酸和正丁酸,重复性好,平行样间偏差低于3%,测试快速准确,是测定反刍动物瘤胃VFA较为理想的方法。     

实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应原理和在预防兽医学中的应用及研究进展

聚合酶链反应(PCR)是检测核酸的强力方法。由于PCR技术简便易行、灵敏度高等优点,该技术被广泛应用于基础研究,成为分子生物学必不可少的研究工具。由于传统的PCR技术存在不能准确定量,且操作过程中易污染而使得假阳性率高等缺点,使其应用受到局限。     

浙江中华蜜蜂微卫星遗传多样性分析

浙江是中华蜜蜂的传统饲养区,本研究对浙江中华蜜蜂的微卫星遗传多样性进行了初步分析。结果发现浙江中华蜜蜂的遗传多样性较低,因此有必要对其采取更加有效的保护措施。     

日光暖棚牛舍设计

本文根据不同季节的太阳高度角随地理纬度变化这一原理，确定牛舍塑料暖棚面与地面的最佳夹角，使冬季大寒（最冷）这天正午时分，太阳辐射的入射角与塑料棚垂直，以其充分利用太阳辐射热能，达到最佳采光效果，提高养牛经济效益。     

霉菌毒素与微量元素代谢及肝脏氧化损伤的关系

<正>霉菌毒素是霉菌在以饲料为营养源的生长过程中产生的有毒化学物质。霉菌毒素在动物体内可产生多种生理作用——肝毒、肾毒、对中枢神经系统的作用以及类似雌激素效应等。有时,霉菌毒素在饲料中的浓度很高,危及动物的健康和生产     

荞麦花粉甲醇提取物对羟基自由基致DNA损伤的保护作用

【目的】研究荞麦花粉甲醇提取物的抗氧化作用。【方法】以羟基自由基诱导2-脱氧核糖和pBR322DNA氧化损伤为模型,研究荞麦花粉甲醇提取物对羟基自由基致DNA氧化损伤的保护作用。【结果】荞麦花粉甲醇提取物的还原力,Fe2+的络合能力和对羟基自由基的清除能力均与其在反应体系中的含量成正相关。【结论】荞麦花粉是一种有效的羟基自由基清除剂;且在体外环境,对羟基自由基氧化损伤的pBR322 DNA有保护作用。     

Effect of follistatin on pre‐implantational development of pig parthenogenetic embryos

The present study was designed to explore effects of follistatin (FST) on pre‐implantational development of parthenogenetically activated embryos (PAEs) in pigs. First, we investigated the FST messenger RNA expression level and dynamic FST protein expression patterns in porcine oocytes and PAEs. Then, PAEs were placed in embryo culture medium supplemented with 10 ng/mL of FST‐288, FST‐300, and FST‐315. Next, PAEs were cultured with 0, 1, 10 and 100 ng/mL of FST‐315 protein throughout the in vitro culture (IVC) duration. Further, 10 ng/mL of FST‐300 was added from the start of IVC in which PAEs were treated for 30, 48 and 60 h. The results showed that 1 ng/mL FST‐315 could significantly increase the total cell numbers of blastocyst and trophectoderm cell number in PAEs. Exogenous FST‐300 supplementation could significantly promote the early cleavage divisions and improve the blastocyst formation rate of porcine embryos. FST‐300 appeared to affect early embryonic development before activation of the embryonic genome. In all, the study confirmed for the first time that FST plays a role in promoting early embryonic development in pigs, which differed with different FST subtypes. FST‐300 could facilitate the initial cleavage time and improve the blastocyst formation rate, and FST‐315 could improve the blastocyst quality.     

湖南省新化县高风险区羊布鲁氏菌病横断面研究及活羊流通网络调查

湖南省新化县近几年动物布鲁氏菌病疫情和人间病例不断增多。为掌握新化县羊群布鲁氏菌病的群体流行率,了解饲养场户、贩运户和经销商对该病的知晓情况以及羊贩运户和经销商的一般经济行为,寻找养殖环节中导致布鲁氏菌感染的风险因素,应用流行病学方法,以新化县10个乡镇现存栏羊15只以上的养殖场户为研究对象,第一阶段以场户为单位,以估计流行率为目的,以名单为抽样框,随机抽样;第二阶段在群内选择个体,以发现疫病为目的,随机或基于风险采样。将采集的血清样品,采用虎红平板凝集和竞争酶联免疫吸附垂直试验进行检测。重点调查出现动物布鲁氏菌病疫情和人间病例乡镇的养殖场,以及活羊贩运经纪人和经销商等从业人员,掌握羊群布鲁氏菌病流行情况和活羊流通情况。调查结果显示:新化县高风险区存栏羊15只以上养殖场户的羊布鲁氏菌病流行率为0(95%CI:0～2.8%);新化县羊养殖场户以小规模自繁自养为主,一般放牧于自家附近山头;出栏羊主要在县内流通,养殖场户内生物安全防护措施不到位;养殖场户的布鲁氏菌病总体知晓率为80.6%,屠宰零售商为15.2%,贩运经纪人为25.0%,职业人群自我防护差;活羊调入以省外为主,冬季调运频繁,主要流向屠宰终端,经纪人在流通环节中充当重要角色。调查结果提示:应加强活羊流通领域的检疫监管,特别是冬季,要提高监测频次;当地需坚持实行"监测+扑杀"的综合防控策略,持续开展布鲁氏菌病相关的健康宣教和行为干预,重点针对屠宰经销商和经纪人,以提高职业人群的预防意识,培养其良好的职业行为和习惯。本研究为新化县布鲁氏菌病防控提供了依据,也为全国布鲁氏菌病防控积累了经验。     

Chemical characteristics and relative bioavailability of supplemental organic copper sources for poultry

Five commercially available organic Cu products and reagent-grade CuSO4 x 5H2O (Cu Sulf) were evaluated by polarographic analysis and solubility in 0.1 M K2HPO4-KH2PO4 buffer (pH 5), 0.2 M HCl-KCl buffer (pH 2), or deionized water. Fractions from these solubility tests were evaluated by gel filtration chromatography for structural integrity. The organic sources were Cu lysine complex (Cu Lys), Cu amino acid chelate (Cu AA), Cu proteinate A (Cu ProA), Cu proteinate B (Cu ProB), and Cu proteinate C (Cu ProC). Separation of peaks in the chromatograms for the soluble Cu fraction from deionized water indicated that 77, 31, 69, 94, and 16% of the Cu remained chelated for the above sources, respectively. Two experiments were conducted to estimate the relative bioavailability of Cu from the organic Cu supplements for chicks when added at high dietary concentrations to practical corn-soybean meal diets. Liver Cu concentration increased (P < 0.0001) as dietary Cu increased in both experiments. When Cu Sulf was assigned a value of 100% as the standard, linear regression slope ratios of log10 liver Cu concentration regressed on added dietary Cu concentration gave estimated relative bioavailability values of 124 +/- 5.1, 122 +/- 5.3, and 111 +/- 6.0 for Cu Lys, Cu AA, and Cu ProC, respectively, in Exp. 1. The bioavailability estimates for Cu Lys and Cu AA were greater (P < 0.05) than that for Cu Sulf. Values in Exp. 2 were 111 +/- 7.6, 109 +/- 8.4, and 105 +/- 7.5 for Cu Lys, Cu ProA, and Cu ProB, respectively, and all sources were similar in value for chicks. Solubility of Cu in pH 2 buffer provided the best prediction of bioavailability (r2 = 0.924). Other indicators of chelation integrity and solubility had little value as predictors of bioavailability (r2 < or = 0.445).     

霉菌毒素对家禽生产的影响

<正>霉菌毒素是霉菌以饲料为营养源的生长过程中所产生的有毒化学物质。在谷物收割前或贮存、运输、加工和饲喂过程中,霉菌都可在其中生长并产生霉菌毒素。全球每年大约有25%的农作