天祝县牧区开发示范工程项目草地围栏建设及其综合效益

天祝县牧区开地示范工程项目１９９５年由农业部和国家计委审批立项,１９９６年全面启动建设,该项目以良种繁育,疫病防治,草地建设,技术服务四大体系为主体建设内容,并于１９９８年８月通过验收,围栏是草地建设体系的主要建设内容,在突出生产性,公益性,基础性建设原则的基础上,自１９９６年以来累计建成４０００ｈｍ＾２建成后,经综合改良,使草地植被得以迅速恢复,平均增产鲜草１６５３ｋｇ／ｈｍ＾２,年创经济效益３     

小尾寒羊产后子宫内细菌类型和数量的研究

通过子宫内膜活检采样器得到子宫腔内液,应用细菌分离培养鉴定技术,研究10只小尾寒羊产后不同时期子宫内细菌的种类和数量的变化规律。结果发现:在产后1~25 d,小尾寒羊子宫腔内存在4个属的细菌,这些细菌是以芽孢杆菌属、葡萄球菌属、微球菌属为主的革兰氏阳性菌和以大肠杆菌群为主的革兰氏阴性菌等。产后子宫细菌数量和种类随着子宫内环境的改变而有规律地变化:从无菌状态增加到最高点约7 d左右,而下降比较缓慢,到子宫颈管复旧完成(22 d)后,才接近于无菌状态。产后子宫内一定数量的细菌对子宫复旧无显著影响。     

Axenic culture and identification of amastigotes from Sichuan human strain of Chinese Leishmania isolates

This work describes a simple method to yield large amounts of the isolate MHOM/CN/90/SC10H2 amastigotes-like forms in axenic cultures using promastigotes as the starting population. The isolate MHOM/CN/90/SC10H2, used in this study, belongs to an undescribed species of Leishmania endemic to hill foci in China. The method describes induced extracellular amastigote transformation of this isolate. The rounded parasite obtained in axenic culture was morphologically similar, even at the ultrastructural level, to intracellular amastigotes. Moreover, the axenic amastigotes remained viable as verified by the stage-specific genes (gp46 and p4 genes) with RT-PCR. A 70-80 kDa protein was recognized by polyclonal antibody HRP-IgG only in axenic-derived amastigotes and not in promastigotes.     

社会需求与兽医系统实验室能力提升

兽医系统实验室在指导动物疫病防控、维护公共卫生安全等方面占有举足轻重的地位。随着动物疫病防控工作的不断深化,加强兽医系统实验室能力建设显得尤为紧迫。本文着重介绍了近年来重庆市兽医实验室体系建设的一些实践措施,以期为其他省份兽医系统实验室的进一步发展提供参考。     

无非洲猪瘟小区的创建与示范

自非洲猪瘟传入我国以来,给我国养猪业造成沉重打击.当前形势下,针对非洲猪瘟疫情特点创建无疫小区对其有效控制意义重大.山东曹县牧原农牧有限公司成功创建非洲猪瘟无疫小区,并以此为示范,将技术成果先后在山东省菏泽市、潍坊市、滨州市3个地区的5家猪场推广应用,取得了较好的社会效益和经济效益.本文从无疫小区组成单位规范化管控、生...     

美国DDGS及中国北方玉米中的霉菌毒素检测

<正>霉菌毒素在作物中是不可避免的污染物(CAST,2003),因此它们也发生于货物进入市场链中,包括在酒精生产中使用的这些谷物。目前,玉米是美国酒精生产中使用的主要原料。玉米中可能存在多种霉菌毒素,包括黄曲霉毒素、脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇(DON)、伏马菌素、T-2毒素和玉米赤霉烯酮(ZON)。这些毒素大多数可能在收获之前发生于玉米中,而在收获时存在于玉米     

绵羊多胎性状基因调控研究进展

绵羊的繁殖性状受多基因控制，本文综述了现已发现并证明的主基因和QTL住点，如FecB基因、FecX基因、FecX2基因、BMP15(形态发生蛋白15)突变、Q249R突变及Thoka基因等。通过分析这些基因或QTL位点的作用、遗传方式、遗传效应及基因定位，旨在为探讨绵羊多胎性状的基因调控规律提供理论依据。     

Tilmicosin enteric granules and premix to pigs: Antimicrobial susceptibility testing and comparative pharmacokinetics

The purpose of this study was to compare the pharmacokinetics and relative bioavailability of tilmicosin enteric granules and premix after oral administration at a dose of 40 mg/kg in pigs. Three kinds of different respiratory pathogens were selected for determination of minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) to tilmicosin. Eight healthy pigs were assigned to a two‐period, randomized crossover design. A modified rapid, sensitive HPLC method was used for determining the concentrations of tilmicosin in plasma. Pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by using WinNonlin 5.2 software. The MIC₉₀ of tilmicosin against Haemophilus parasuis, Actinbacillus pleuropneumoniae, and Pasteurella multocida were all 8 μg/ml. These results indicated that these common pig respiratory bacteria are sensitive to tilmicosin. The main parameters of time to reach maximum plasma concentration (T_max), elimination half‐life (t_1/2β), mean residence time (MRT), and apparent volume of distribution (V_F) were 2.03 ± 0.37 hr, 29.31 ± 5.56 hr, 25.22 ± 2.57 hr, 4.06 ± 1.04 L/kg, and 3.05 ± 0.08 hr, 17.06 ± 1.77 hr, 15.55 ± 1.37 hr, 2.95 ± 0.62 L/kg after the orally administrated tilmicosin enteric granules and premix. The relative bioavailability of tilmicosin enteric granules to premix was 114.97 ± 7.19%, according to the AUC_0‐t values. These results demonstrated that tilmicosin enteric granules produced faster tilmicosin absorption, slower elimination, larger tissue distribution, and higher bioavailability compared to the tilmicosin premix. The present study results manifest that tilmicosin enteric granules can be used as a therapeutic alternative to premix in clinical treatment.     

6个种源地不同桑树品种叶柄解剖结构与水分运输能力初探

叶柄是水分和营养物质在茎和叶间运输的重要组织。采用石蜡切片技术和木材离析技术,分析6个种源地不同的桑树品种一年生扦插苗叶柄的显微结构特征,对叶柄的水分运输能力和抗蒸腾能力进行评价,并对桑树的抗旱性进行探讨。结果显示在6个桑品种中,吴堡桑的叶柄角质层和厚角组织厚度较小,但维管束最为发达,具有较高的维管束面积占比、中等水平的导管直径和最大的导管长度,水分运输能力最强,同时还能保持对栓塞较强的抵抗性,推测其抗旱能力可能较强,适宜种植在较为干旱的地区;育711号的叶柄角质层较薄,云果桑1号叶柄的厚角组织最薄,这2个品种的叶柄具有较多的维管束,但其维管束面积占比、导管孔腔面积以及导管直径在6个品种中较小,故抗蒸腾能力与水分运输能力均较低,其抗旱能力可能相对较弱,更加适合在水分充足的环境中生长。研究结果为阐释桑树叶柄结构、水分运输能力与桑树抗旱能力之间的关系提供了一定的实验依据。     

不同添加剂对紫花苜蓿拉伸膜裹包青贮饲料品质的影响

为明确葡萄糖、红糖、果渣对紫花苜蓿拉伸膜裹包青贮饲料青贮品质的影响,探明最适合添加于紫花苜蓿裹包青贮的有机添加剂,按照紫花苜蓿原料重量的0.2%、0.4%、10%分别添加葡萄糖、果糖、果渣进行90 d青贮。结果表明:添加葡萄糖可保留紫花苜蓿中更多的干物质,有效提高青贮饲料中的乳酸含量,降低乙酸和丙酸含量;添加红糖不利于青贮饲料pH值的降低和乳酸积累,能产生较高的氨态氮、乙酸和丙酸含量;添加果渣虽然可以降低青贮饲料的pH值,但会造成显著的粗蛋白损失。综合分析认为,添加葡萄糖对提高紫花苜蓿拉伸膜裹包青贮饲料青贮品质效果较好。