胡椒瘟病病原菌对12种杀菌剂的敏感性测定

采用生长速率法测定了胡椒瘟病病原菌对常用的12种杀菌剂的敏感性。试验结果表明，胡椒瘟病病原菌对不同供试杀菌剂的敏感性存在明显差异，其中69　%烯酰吗啉·锰锌WP、25　%甲霜·霜霉WP、50 %烯酰吗啉WP和36 %霜休锰锌WP对病原菌的抑菌效果好且敏感性高，EC50分别为1.862　1、1.129 8、3.419 8和6.309 6　μg/mL；50 %琥铜甲霜WP次之。     

云南撒坝猪H-FABP基因多态性及与部分生产性能的关系

采用PCR-RFLP技术检测H-FABP基因5′上游区1125~1817区段HinfⅠ酶切位点在撒坝猪群体中的多态性分布,并采用最小二乘分析模型初步统计分析检测位点多态性与部分生产性能的相关性。结果表明,H-FABP基因等位基因H及基因型Hh在群体中占优势,频率分别为0.6022和0.4194;H-FABP基因在群体中处于Hardy-Weinberg平衡状态;H-FABP基因检测位点基因型间在生长和繁殖性状上不存在不利影响。     

Study on the Anti-Escherichia coli Activity and Mechanism of Water Extract of Radix isatidis Powder

In order to explore the antibacterial activity and mechanism of the Radix isatidis powder water extract,the effects of the Radix isatidis powder water extract on the morphology and structure of Escherichia coli (E.coli) were tested by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy.The effects of the Radix isatidis powder water extract on the conductivity and total leakage rate of E.coli and the content of alkaline phosphatase in the culture medium of the content of protein,DNA and RNA were stained by DAPI to detect the effect of the Radix isatidis powder water extract on the nucleic acid of E.coli,and the effect of the Radix isatidis powder water extract on the metabolism of E.coli in vivo,in vitro,ALT,AST,pyruvic acid and ATP.The results showed that after the Radix isatidis powder water extract acted on E.coli for 10 h,it was observed by SEM that the bacteria appeared to overflow and shrink,the length of the bacteria became shorter obviously,many residues were formed due to breakage,some of them were sunken in the middle and deformed.Under TEM,it was observed that the boundary of the cell wall of E.coli was unclear,the wall membrane was zigzag,deformed and some of the bacteria were broken.The protein content outside the cell was significantly different from that in the blank control group from 8 h (P<0.01), and that in the cell from 4 h (P<0.01). DNA content had no significant difference with blank control group before 12 h (P>0.05), but had significant difference with blank control group from 16 h (P<0.01); RNA content began to decrease at 8 h, and was significantly different from blank control group at 12 h (P<0.05), and was extremely significant from 16 h (P<0.01). There was no significant difference between ALT and AST (P>0.05). The pyruvate content in culture medium and bacteria was higher than that in blank control group, and the difference was very significant from 4 h (P<0.01). The ATP content in the culture medium was significantly different from that in the blank control group (P<0.01), and the ATP content in the cell was significantly different from that in the blank control group from 4 h (P<0.01).In conclusion,the Radix isatidis powder water extract could inhibit the synthesis and metabolism of bacterial genetic material and the content of pyruvate and ATP by destroying the integrity of cell wall and cell membrane.     

Meta分析中国保护性耕作对土壤微生物多样性的影响

为了探明中国不同气候类型、土壤肥力和试验年限下,保护性耕作[免耕秸秆不还田(NT)、传统耕作+秸秆还田(TS)和免耕秸秆还田(NTS)]对土壤微生物多样性的影响,对42项已发表的相关研究进行了Meta分析,以检验土壤微生物多样性对保护性耕作的响应,同时评估了土壤微生物多样性的影响因素.结果表明:与传统耕作相比,保护性耕作显著提高了土壤微生物Shannon和Simpson指数(P ＜ 0.05),其中免耕秸秆还田效果最好,增幅分别为8.4％和3.7％;保护性耕作土壤中细菌的Shannon和Simpson多样性指数均高于传统耕作,真菌的Shannon和Simpson多样性指数仅在免耕秸秆不还田下显著增加4.4％和5.3％(P＜ 0.05);土壤微生物多样性在传统耕作+秸秆还田处理下受年均气温和种植作物影响明显,在土壤环境质量较好的非中性土壤中进行免耕处理显著增加土壤微生物多样性(P＜0.05),并且在我国北方区域施行免耕对土壤微生物多样性的增加效果较其他区域好.因此,建议在中国北方构建以免耕为核心的保护性耕作技术体系,在不同区域因地制宜的选择秸秆还田管理措施,且进一步对保护性耕作处理下的土壤真菌多样性及更多土壤微生物多样性指数进行相关研究.     

4 株致病性大肠杆菌致犊牛腹泻的分离鉴定及毒力与耐药性分析

[目的]为查明致北疆地区某牧场犊牛腹泻的病原,对脱水濒死10日龄新生犊牛进行剖检,无菌采集充血肠系膜淋巴结2 份。[方法]通过采用培养、染色镜检、生化特性考察、PCR鉴定等方法来分离鉴定致病菌,并对分离致病菌株进行相关毒力基因检测及药物敏感性试验。[结果]经分离鉴定分离出4 株大肠杆菌,毒力基因PCR检测结果K99、Sta、irp2、Eae基因分别在163 bp、314 bp、301 bp、552 bp处有清晰条带,与预期[目的]片段大小相符;药物敏感性试验结果表明,分离株对头孢哌酮、链霉素、庆大霉素敏感,对恩诺沙星、卡那霉素高度敏感。[结论]犊牛腹泻要以预防为主,治疗建议采用对因治疗,并配合提高抵抗力的中兽药进行。     

补铁剂及多肽铁复合物的研究进展

缺铁性贫血作为贫血中最常见的一种,越来越受到人们的关注。随着营养与健康需求的变化和安全意识的 增强,人们致力于补铁效果好、吸收好、副作用小、安全性更高的口服补铁剂的研发。本文对补铁剂的发展和相关 研究进行综述,概述新型补铁剂的研究进展,全面阐述多肽铁复合物蛋白琥珀酸铁的原料来源、结构、机理、制 备、应用、消化吸收机制,对多肽铁复合物和蛋白琥珀酸铁的发展前景进行展望,以期对补铁剂的研究与发展提供 理论依据。     

纳米银体外抗猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒的作用研究

【目的】 研究纳米银（silver nanoparticles,AgNPs）体外抗猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒（Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus,PRRSV）的作用,并初步分析其抗病毒作用机制,为PRRSV的防控提供新思路。【方法】 使用0.1875、0.375、0.75、1.5、3、6、12 μg/mL AgNPs处理Marc145细胞,采用CCK-8试剂盒评估AgNPs对Marc145细胞毒性,确定其安全浓度。通过显微观察、间接免疫荧光试验、病毒滴度测定、实时荧光定量RT-PCR方法评估AgNPs体外抗PRRSV感染Marc145细胞的效果。通过间接免疫荧光试验和实时荧光定量RT-PCR方法评估AgNPs对PRRSV的直接灭活效果。通过实时荧光定量RT-PCR方法分析AgNPs对不同感染复数（multiplicity of infection,MOI） PRRSV （0.0001~0.1）黏附和入侵Marc145细胞的影响,以及PRRSV感染Marc145细胞3、6、12、18和24 h后加入AgNPs对Marc145细胞增殖的影响。【结果】 AgNPs对Marc145细胞的最大安全浓度为1.5 μg/mL,0.375、0.75、1.5 μg/mL AgNPs均具有良好的体外抗PRRSV活性,0.375、0.75、1.5 μg/mL AgNPs均对PRRSV起一定灭活作用。AgNPs对不同MOI的毒株黏附和入侵Marc145细胞均有一定抑制作用,且不同时间（3、6、12、18、24 h）加入AgNPs对PRRSV增殖均有一定抑制作用。【结论】 AgNPs具有良好的体外抗PRRSV活性,体外抗PRRSV的作用机制包括直接灭活以及抑制病毒的黏附、入侵和增殖过程。     

生物拦沙坝的主要特点及拦沙效益分析

论述了生物拦沙坝的主要特点，并对拦沙效益进行了分析，旨在推广生物拦沙坝在库坝上游形成拦泥拦沙效果，减少库容淤积，延长水库寿命。     

快大型黄羽肉种鸡VD3需要量研究

【目的】通过研究饲粮中添加不同水平维生素D₃（VD₃）对快大型黄羽肉种鸡及其子代肉鸡生产性能、胫骨指标与钙磷代谢的影响,确立黄羽肉种鸡VD₃需要量,为黄羽肉种鸡营养需要量的制定提供科学依据。【方法】试验采用单因素随机分组设计,选用720只48周龄快大型岭南黄羽肉种母鸡,根据体重和产蛋率一致原则分为6个处理组,每组6个重复,每重复20只,各处理分别饲喂添加0（对照组）、800、1 600、2 400、3 200、4 000 IU·kg^-1 VD₃的试验饲粮,试验期8周。种鸡饲养试验结束后选取种蛋孵化,子代肉鸡按照种鸡的组别进行分组分栏饲喂（基础饲粮中含1 000 IU·kg^-1VD₃）,试验期63d。【结果】（1）与对照组相比,添加800 IU·kg^-1 VD₃显著提高平均蛋重（P<0.05）;添加1 600与3 200 IU·kg^-1 VD₃显著增加种蛋的蛋壳强度（P<0.05）;添加1 600 IU·kg^-1 VD₃增加蛋壳厚度（P<0.05）;添加4 000 IU·kg^-1 VD₃显著提高种鸡脱脂胫骨比例与骨密度（P<0.05）,添加VD₃可不同程度地提高种鸡胫骨折断力（P>0.05）;添加VD₃可提高种鸡血浆中钙、磷含量,降低AKP活性（P<0.05）。（2）种鸡饲粮添加VD₃对子代肉鸡生长性能指标无显著影响（P>0.05）;但与对照组相比,添加4 000 IU·kg^-1 VD₃显著提高子代鸡胫骨折断力（P<0.05）,添加800、1 600或4 000 IU·kg^-1VD₃显著增加子代肉鸡胫骨密度（P<0.05）,添加1 600—4 000 IU·kg^-1VD₃可不同程度地提高子代鸡脱脂胫骨比例（P>0.05）;添加VD₃提高了子代肉鸡1日龄血浆中钙、磷含量,降低AKP活性（P<0.05）,但对21、63日龄子代肉鸡无显著影响（P>0.05）。【结论】饲粮中添加VD₃显著影响黄羽肉种鸡产蛋性能、种蛋蛋壳品质、肉种鸡及其子代肉鸡胫骨指标与钙磷代谢。综合试验观测与回归模型来估测黄羽肉种鸡VD₃需要量,饲粮添加800 IU·kg^-1 VD₃即可获得最优产蛋性能,1 650—1 828 IU·kg^-1 VD₃获得最优蛋品质,而获得种鸡和子代肉鸡最优胫骨性状均需要较高的种鸡饲粮VD₃水平（4 000 IU·kg^-1）。     

Nutrient and heavy metals in decaying harvest residue needles on drained blanket peat forests

Harvest residue decomposition can significantly contribute to nutrient and heavy metal exports to receiving water courses. This study monitors the nutrient and heavy metal dynamics in decaying Sitka spruce and lodgepole pine harvest residue needles on Atlantic blanket peat forests in the west of Ireland. Using the litterbag method, harvest residue was placed both within and between furrows in two uncut forest and two clear-cut sites. On the clear-cut sites, the litterbags were positioned outside the harvest residue piles (i.e. brash windrows). Over the 2-year monitoring period, the needles decomposed slower at the clear-cut sites than the uncut forest sites, with mass losses of 46–55 and 58–77 %, respectively. Approximately 20 % less phosphorous (P) was released from the decaying needles at the clear-cut sites, while nitrogen (N) was released only at the uncut sites. Tree species was a significant factor contributing to nutrient and heavy metal release and accumulation patterns, with higher concentrations of aluminium (Al), nickel (Ni), cadmium (Cd) and zinc (Zn) in the decaying spruce needles than in pine. Conversely, the spruce needles showed accelerated depletion of calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) relative to the pine. The harvest residue needle positioning (inside furrow/between furrows) and the site soil characteristics contributed significantly to Al transformations in spruce needles and iron (Fe) in both spruce and pine needles, with more accumulation occurring inside the furrows where Al and Fe contents of the peat were high. Manganese (Mn) was released from the needles in three of the four sites with a total release of over 90 % within 2 years. In the remaining site, where the Mn content of the peat was high, an accumulation of Mn in the needles was observed. The decomposition of needles on blanket peat catchments may be a significant source of P to receiving water courses, owing to their fast release of P, but not a likely source for N export.