中国与文莱渔业合作的分析

通过介绍文莱的基本国情和渔业情况以及中国与文莱合作的互补性,从空间、时间、合作范围、合作方式等方面分析了中国与文莱进行渔业合作的可行性,并对开展中国企业与文莱渔业合作的具体措施提出了一些建议。     

脱盐盐渍辣椒发酵工艺优化及风味品质研究

以盐渍辣椒为原料,采用正交试验优化脱盐盐渍辣椒发酵工艺,用HS–SPME–GC–MS方法测定脱盐盐渍辣椒发酵前后挥发性成分的变化。结果表明:盐渍辣椒脱盐后,其氯化钠、总糖、总酸、还原糖、氨基酸态氮含量均有显著降低(P0.05);脱盐盐渍辣椒发酵的适宜工艺为接种6%的植物乳杆菌菌液,添加4%蔗糖,发酵5 d;脱盐盐渍辣椒接种发酵后,其酯类、醛类物质相对含量分别较发酵前增加了24%、448%,醇类、烯烃类相对含量分别降低了18%、31%,接种发酵使辣椒中的酯类和醛类物质增加。     

烤烟油菜轮作及平衡施肥对土壤有机碳含量的影响

为探究烤烟油菜轮作及平衡施肥对土壤有机碳(SOC)含量的影响,通过田间小区试验,采用双因素裂区设计,测定烤烟与3个油菜品种（‘重蓉油1号’、‘德油早1号’和‘GSX-1’）轮作以及平衡施肥（减氮和增磷）下油菜季与烤烟季土壤的总有机碳(TOC)和可溶性有机碳(DOC)含量。结果表明,从油菜移栽初期到收获,SOC含量均有不同程度的上升,上升幅度为7.7%～166.49%;轮作处理的TOC含量和DOC含量相较对照有所增加,且收获期（180天）的TOC含量和DOC含量以‘重蓉油1号’最高,分别为对照处理的1.26和4.78倍。在烤烟整个生育期内,除个别处理外,其他土壤DOC含量呈下降趋势,TOC含量有所增加。此外,就施肥模式而言,减氮处理效果最佳。在烤烟收获期,除‘德油早1号’外,土壤TOC含量均以减氮处理最高,分别为常规施肥处理的1.20、1.44和1.02倍。综上‘,重蓉油1号’油菜与烤烟轮作、减施氮肥时SOC含量较高,是当地较优的种植模式。     

枸杞在食品加工中的应用

枸杞营养成分非常丰富,具有多种经济性状,在食品加工中应用空间极大。介绍了以枸杞叶、枸杞果实、枸杞籽及枸杞提取物为原料的枸杞加工制品,旨在说明枸杞在食品加工中的应用前景。     

3种保存血样方法对山羊DNA制备的影响

采取全血4 ℃保存(方法Ⅰ)、沉淀白细胞加消化液室温保存(方法Ⅱ)和全血加SDS-EDTANa 2缓冲液室温保存(方法Ⅲ)等3种血样保存方法,用常规方法制备山羊DNA并对其效果进行评价.结果表明:方法Ⅰ、Ⅱ均能得到较纯净、完整的DNA,方法Ⅲ操作简便、得率较高,但DNA有一定降解.方法Ⅱ可作为野外远距离采血的首选方法.     

利用生物工程提高乳锌含量技术

文章利用生物转化工程原理将硫酸锌加入牛饲料间接强化牛乳进行了试验观察,效果转好。强化后牛乳无外观质量变化,乳锌经一个高峰期四周后处于稳定状态,其含量可满足婴幼儿生长发育的需要。同时,还提出了硫酸锌强化饲料的适量剂量。并就乳牛饲龄、胎次、体重、产乳期对乳锌的影响和强化方法进行了探讨分析。通过此项研究,为解决目前缨幼儿缺锌问题,开发了一个吸收率高、副作用小、安全可靠的补锌源。     

miR-200a对奶山羊乳腺上皮细胞乳脂合成相关基因mRNA表达的影响

旨在构建pAd-pri-miR-200a重组腺病毒,使其在奶山羊乳腺上皮细胞中稳定表达miR-200a,研究miR-200a对乳脂合成相关基因mRNA表达的影响。以西农萨能羊DNA为模板扩增pri-miR-200a。采用Ad-Easy系统构建重组腺病毒载体pAd-pri-miR-200a,并于HEK 293细胞株中进行病毒的包装、扩繁。TCI50法测定病毒滴度。qRT-PCR检测miR-200a及16个乳脂合成相关基因mRNA表达水平。序列分析结果显示,pri-miR-200a包括pre-miR-200a86bp和侧翼序列共297bp。酶切结果证实pAd-pri-miR-200a构建成功。Ad-pri-miR-200a滴度达8×109 PFU.mL-1。实时定量结果表明,Ad-pri-miR-200a(MOI为200)感染奶山羊乳腺上皮细胞72h,miR-200a的表达量较对照高出2.4倍。同时miR-200a的过表达引起10个基因mRNA表达量下调,6个基因mRNA表达量上调。其中脂肪酸从头合成相关基因FASN、脂滴生成相关基因TIP47及脂肪酸运输相关基因FABP4降幅较大,分别下降了0.47、0.89及0.65倍。而TAG生成相关基因DGAT1和脂解相关基因HSL较对照分别增加了0.52和1.49倍。本研究获得的重组腺病毒Ad-pri-miR-200a能在山羊乳腺上皮细胞中稳定表达miR-200a,同时miR-200a过表达影响乳脂合成相关基因mRNA表达水平。     

胡椒瘟病病原菌对12种杀菌剂的敏感性测定

采用生长速率法测定了胡椒瘟病病原菌对常用的12种杀菌剂的敏感性。试验结果表明，胡椒瘟病病原菌对不同供试杀菌剂的敏感性存在明显差异，其中69　%烯酰吗啉·锰锌WP、25　%甲霜·霜霉WP、50 %烯酰吗啉WP和36 %霜休锰锌WP对病原菌的抑菌效果好且敏感性高，EC50分别为1.862　1、1.129 8、3.419 8和6.309 6　μg/mL；50 %琥铜甲霜WP次之。     

云南撒坝猪H-FABP基因多态性及与部分生产性能的关系

采用PCR-RFLP技术检测H-FABP基因5′上游区1125~1817区段HinfⅠ酶切位点在撒坝猪群体中的多态性分布,并采用最小二乘分析模型初步统计分析检测位点多态性与部分生产性能的相关性。结果表明,H-FABP基因等位基因H及基因型Hh在群体中占优势,频率分别为0.6022和0.4194;H-FABP基因在群体中处于Hardy-Weinberg平衡状态;H-FABP基因检测位点基因型间在生长和繁殖性状上不存在不利影响。     

Study on the Anti-Escherichia coli Activity and Mechanism of Water Extract of Radix isatidis Powder

In order to explore the antibacterial activity and mechanism of the Radix isatidis powder water extract,the effects of the Radix isatidis powder water extract on the morphology and structure of Escherichia coli (E.coli) were tested by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy.The effects of the Radix isatidis powder water extract on the conductivity and total leakage rate of E.coli and the content of alkaline phosphatase in the culture medium of the content of protein,DNA and RNA were stained by DAPI to detect the effect of the Radix isatidis powder water extract on the nucleic acid of E.coli,and the effect of the Radix isatidis powder water extract on the metabolism of E.coli in vivo,in vitro,ALT,AST,pyruvic acid and ATP.The results showed that after the Radix isatidis powder water extract acted on E.coli for 10 h,it was observed by SEM that the bacteria appeared to overflow and shrink,the length of the bacteria became shorter obviously,many residues were formed due to breakage,some of them were sunken in the middle and deformed.Under TEM,it was observed that the boundary of the cell wall of E.coli was unclear,the wall membrane was zigzag,deformed and some of the bacteria were broken.The protein content outside the cell was significantly different from that in the blank control group from 8 h (P<0.01), and that in the cell from 4 h (P<0.01). DNA content had no significant difference with blank control group before 12 h (P>0.05), but had significant difference with blank control group from 16 h (P<0.01); RNA content began to decrease at 8 h, and was significantly different from blank control group at 12 h (P<0.05), and was extremely significant from 16 h (P<0.01). There was no significant difference between ALT and AST (P>0.05). The pyruvate content in culture medium and bacteria was higher than that in blank control group, and the difference was very significant from 4 h (P<0.01). The ATP content in the culture medium was significantly different from that in the blank control group (P<0.01), and the ATP content in the cell was significantly different from that in the blank control group from 4 h (P<0.01).In conclusion,the Radix isatidis powder water extract could inhibit the synthesis and metabolism of bacterial genetic material and the content of pyruvate and ATP by destroying the integrity of cell wall and cell membrane.