沉积物中人工纳米颗粒对BDE-47生态毒性的影响

为评价淡水沉积物中人工纳米颗粒对持久性有机污染物生态毒性的影响,以底栖动物铜锈环棱螺为受试生物,采用沉积物慢性生物测试研究了非毒性浓度的不同管径多壁碳纳米管(MWCNTs)和两种金属氧化物纳米颗粒(三氧化二铝纳米颗粒Al₂O₃-NPs和二氧化钛纳米颗粒TiO₂-NPs)存在条件下不同浓度2, 2', 4, 4'-四溴联苯醚(BDE-47)对铜锈环棱螺肝胰脏超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶(GST)活性和丙二醛(MDA)含量的影响.结果表明,两种管径大小的MWCNTs不影响低浓度(100 ng·g^-1) BDE-47对铜锈环棱螺的毒性,但显著降低较高浓度(500、2000 ng·g^-1)BDE-47对铜锈环棱螺的毒性,小管径MWCNTs对BDE-47毒性的影响稍大于大管径MWCNTs;Al₂O₃-NPs和TiO₂-NPs对低浓度BDE-47的毒性没有影响,但显著增加较高浓度BDE-47对铜锈环棱螺的毒性,TiO₂-NPs对BDE-47毒性的影响略大于非毒性浓度Al₂O₃-NPs.这表明,沉积物中不同种类和类型的纳米颗粒对有机污染物生态毒性的影响存在明显差异.     

从江香猪生精上皮周期及睾丸发育的形态学分析

试验旨在探究初情期前后生精上皮周期差异及睾丸发育过程中的形态学变化。通过测定15、30、60和90 d睾丸相关指数,结合睾丸组织形态学特征,判断香猪初情期,划分从江香猪生精上皮周期。结果显示,30 d的睾丸指数较15 d极显著升高（P<0.01）,睾丸重、长轴及短轴的增长率分别为298.05%、66.42%和65.45%,60和90 d两个阶段睾丸重增长率相对稳定。形态学观察表明,从江香猪30 d时生精小管出现游离精子,完成第一次生精并进入初情期;与15 d相比,30 d生精小管面积和生精上皮厚度极显著增加（P<0.01）,增长率分别为136.12%和40.19%,在60和90 d均处于稳定增长状态。睾丸细胞数统计显示,日龄增加不影响支持细胞（setoli cells,SC）数量（P>0.05）,而30 d生殖细胞数（germ cells,GC）较15 d极显著增加（P<0.01）。相关分析结果发现,生殖细胞数量增加与生精小管面积增大、生精上皮厚度变化之间呈明显正相关（r=0.994;0.96）。根据生殖细胞组合形式差异,将初情期前后生精上皮分为3和8个阶段。初情期前生殖细胞以第一次减数分裂前期为主,A、B型精原细胞、SC、初级精母细胞（primary spermatocyte,Ps）、前细线期（preleptotene,PI）、细线期（leptotene,L）等生殖细胞在初情期前后生精上皮中均存在,而圆形精子（round spermatids,R）、延伸精子（elongating spermatid,E）、精子细胞（spermatozoa,S）仅存在于初情期后的生精上皮。本研究结果表明,从江香猪30 d初情,睾丸发育以生殖细胞和生精小管面积的迅速增加为主,该结果对从江香猪早熟性状挖掘、种猪选育及开发利用等有重要的指导意义。     

Role of p38MAPK in production of pro-inflammatory cytokines in Kupffer cells from severe acute pancreatitis rats

AIM:To investigate the role of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38MAPK) signaling pathway in the Kupffer cells (KCs) production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) and interleukin-1β(IL-1β), in severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) rats.METHODS:Sprague-Dwaley rats were randomized into three groups:①sham operation rats, ②SAP rats, ③SAP rats given the p38 MAPK inhibitor CNI-1493(10 mg/kg, iv). The SAP model was induced by the bili-pancreatic duct infusion with 5% sterile soduim taurocholate solution. Rats from each group were killed at 12 h after sham operation or SAP and Kupffer cells (KCs) were isolated. The mRNA expressions of TNF-α and IL-1β (by quantitative real-time RT-PCR) and p38 MAPK activity (by Western blot analysis) in KCs were examined. The levels of TNF-α and IL-1β in plasma were determined by ELISA.RESULTS:There was a significant acvitation of p38 MAPK in KCs harvested from SAP rats than those from sham operation rats. SAP also promoted the mRNA expressions of TNF-α and IL-1β in KCs and the plasma levels of TNF-α and IL-1β. These events were significantly inhibited by treatment with CNI-1493.CONCLUSIONS:p38 MAPK activation is one important aspect of the signaling events that may mediate the KCs production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, TNF-α and IL-1β, in SAP rats. The inhibition of the p38 MAPK may be a potential target in the prevention and treatment of SAP.     

Effect of Supplementing Alfalfa Powder to Diet on Growth Performance and Meat Quality of Goose

The experiment was aimed to investigate the effects of dietary alfalfa powder on the growth performance,body size,slaughter performance,organ index and meat quality of Siji geese.A total of 256 15-day-old geese (half male and half female) with similar body weight were randomly divided into four groups with 4 replicates of 16 geese each.The geese in control group were fed with corn-soybean meal-based diet (control diet),and geese in the experimental groups were fed the basal diet replaced with 10%,20% and 30% alfalfa powder,respectively.The results showed that,compared with the control group,dietary alfalfa powder supplementation had no significant effect on the average daily intake,average daily gain,feed conversion ratio,body oblique length,keel length,shin circumference,semi diving length,chest width and shin length (P>0.05),and also had no effect on the carcass ratio,half-eviscerated carcass ratio and pectoral muscle ratio (P>0.05).However,dietary 20% and 30% alfalfa powder supplementation significantly increased the chest depth (P<0.05),dietary 30% alfalfa powder significantly decreased the full-eviscerated carcass ratio (P<0.05),and dietary 10% alfalfa powder significantly increased the leg muscle ratio (P<0.05) of geese.In addition,dietary alfalfa powder significantly decreased the abdominal fat ratio (P<0.05),raised the growth index of liver,jejunum,ileum,and cecum (P<0.05),and increased the water loss rate of pectoral muscle and leg muscle (P<0.05) compared with the control group.Dietary 10% and 30% alfalfa powder significantly increased duodenal growth index (P<0.05) of geese.In conclusion,dietary alfalfa powder supplementation might improve the slaughter performance (increase chest depth and leg muscle ratio,reduce abdominal fat rate) and organ growth index (increase the growth index of liver,duodenum,jejunum,ileum and cecum).However,dietary alfalfa powder increased water loss rates in pectoral muscle and leg muscle,and 30% alfalfa powder reduced the full-eviscerated carcass ratio of geese.The appropriate supplementation level of alfalfa powder was recommended at 10% in the present study.     

利用改良CTAB法提取小麦干种子总DNA

利用改良CTAB法提取小麦干种子总DNA,总DNA样品经紫外光谱吸收、琼脂糖凝胶电泳、PCR和酶切检测,证实该法是提取小麦总DNA的有效方法,其总DNA样品质量可满足下游分子生物学实验要求。     

2013年杂多县气候评述

本文通过对2013年杂多县气象资料以及与历年气象要素值的对比分析,评述了该县气候条件和气象灾害及气候对农牧业的影响,得出本年度的气候特征。     

我国高酸苹果生产现状及建议

简要介绍了我国高酸苹果生产现状、存在问题,提出发展高酸苹果生产的几点建议.     

铅丹药学研究进展

在广泛文献检索的基础上,对铅丹的临床应用、毒性和注意事项等进行了综述,为全民养生保健提供科学参考。     

骨髓间充质干细胞对放射性胸腺损伤的修复作用

目的观察骨髓间充质干细胞（MSCs）对放射性胸腺损伤的修复作用.方法 C57BL/6小鼠行1.75 Gy X线全身照射,每周1次,连续4周.实验设正常对照组、照射组及照射＋MSCs组,于末次照射后30、60、90 d称量各组小鼠体质量.取胸腺组织,计算胸腺质量指数,并通过组织学观察MSCs对胸腺组织损伤的修复作用.结果辐射组和MSCs组在照射期间体质量下降,在观察期间内,小鼠体质量随时间逐渐增加,并且MSCs组小鼠体质量略高于辐射组.对照组小鼠胸腺指数随周龄增大而逐渐减小,辐射组和MSCs组小鼠随照射后时间的延长胸腺指数逐渐增加,MSCs组90 d时胸腺指数与对照组小鼠接近.通过观察病理结果可知,正常对照组小鼠胸腺组织皮、髓质结构清楚.辐射组小鼠30 d时胸腺组织淋巴细胞可见变性、坏死,细胞数量减少;60 d时辐射组可见胸腺淋巴细胞出现修复性再生与增生;90 d时辐射组可见胸腺瘤癌前病变.MSCs移植30 d时胸腺组织皮质高度增生,髓质缩小,皮髓质内可见新生的淋巴组织;60 d时胸腺结构趋于正常.结论 MSCs可促进损伤胸腺再生与修复.     

鸡mir-1658前体基因多态性分析

【目的】研究鸡gga-mir-1658前体区基因遗传变异/单倍型及其在品种间的分布,分析其对microRNA二级茎环结构和靶基因选择的影响,旨在筛选其中具有潜在生物学功能的变异位点,为进一步揭示其对gga-mir-1658基因表达调控的影响及表型效应奠定基础。【方法】根据鸡gga-mir-1658基因组序列（GenBank登录号：NR_035151.1）设计一对特异性引物,采用PCR产物直接测序的方法,对太行鸡（95只）、北京油鸡（83只）和来航鸡（42只）3个鸡种220只个体的gga-mir-1658基因前体区进行多态性检测。使用DNAman、MEGA和mfold软件进行pre-gga-mir-1658基因组序列的比对分析和二级结构模拟。通过SHEsis软件和Haploview软件进行配对连锁不平衡分析和单倍型分析。使用miRanda软件对gga-mir-1658的靶基因及其复合物自由能变化进行预测分析。【结果】在pre-gga-mir-1658基因共发现6个变异位点,其中次要等位基因频率≥5％位点有g.28 C＞G、g.31 C＞T、g.70 G＞A和 g.71 G＞–,4个变异位点均定位于gga-mir-1658基因成熟体的种子区。遗传变异特征分析显示,g.70 G＞A 位点表现为低度多态（PIC＜0.25）,其余3个位点均表现为中度多态（0.25＜PIC＜0.50）。适合性检验表明,除了来航鸡的g.31 C＞T、g.71 G＞–位点、太行鸡的g.71 G＞–位点以及北京油鸡的g.70 G＞A位点之外,其他变异位点在各鸡种均处于哈代-温伯格平衡状态（P＞0.05）。连锁不平衡和单倍型分析表明,各突变位点之间存在弱连锁平衡;从3个品种鸡中共检测到11种单倍型,其中H1（C C G –）和H11（G T G G）是群体的优势单倍型,频率均大于25%。生物信息学分析表明,种子区的突变可影响gga-mir-1658基因前体二级结构的空间构型和自由能,其中H6单倍型突变体的自由能最高（41.00 kcal·mol^-1）,H2和H5单倍型突变体的自由能最低（35.70 kcal·mol^-1）;群体的优势单倍型H1和H11突变体的自由能分别为-36.10和40.04 kcal·mol^-1。gga-mir-1658基因不同单倍型成熟体种子区序列存在差异,在gga-mir-1658-5p存在“AUACCAU”、“AUACCAC”2种种子区序列,gga-mir-1658-3p共有“AACUCUG”、“AGCUGUG”、“AACUGUG”和“AGCUCUG”4种种子区序列。针对gga-mir-1658的预测靶基因的生物信息学分析显示,它们主要在基因表达调控、细胞凋亡、免疫系统的发育和B细胞激活等基本生物学过程中显著富集;此外,种子区变化可以影响gga-mir-1658成熟体对靶基因的选择。【结论】（1）gga-mir-1658基因种子区存在4个具有潜在生物学功能和表型效应的突变位点,可组成11种单倍型,其中H1（C C G –）和H11（G T G G）在北京油鸡、太行鸡和来航鸡为优势单倍型。（2）种子区突变影响gga-mir-1658基因前体二级结构的稳定性和靶基因的选择,可能是具有潜在表型效应的重要功能位点。