不同苜蓿种质材料对茎点霉叶斑病的抗性评价

为了明确不同苜蓿材料（Medicago Sativa）对茎点霉叶斑病的抗性,对来自国内外的30份苜蓿材料进行了苗期抗病性评价,采用紫外分光光度计比色法,对不同抗感病材料体内的苯丙氨酸解氨酶（PAL）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）、过氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性变化进行了研究。结果表明：不同苜蓿材料对茎点霉叶斑病的抗病性存在显著差异,各材料间病情指数（4.28~51.65）变化较大,其中抗病性最强的是来自内蒙的‘敖汉苜蓿’,感病性最强的是来自陕西的‘陕西苜蓿’,中抗材料有10份。接菌前,各材料间CAT,SOD活性差异显著（P<0.05）,而PAL活性差异不显著;接菌后,3种酶活性均比接菌前有所升高,CAT和PAL呈先增后减的趋势,SOD活性呈依次递减趋势;同一材料在接菌后第4,8,12天3种酶活性也表现显著性差异（P<0.05）。     

Validity of goniometric joint measurements in cats

OBJECTIVE: To compare and validate goniometric joint measurements obtained from nonsedated and sedated cats with measurements from radiographic evaluation. ANIMALS: 20 adult cats with no evidence of joint disease. PROCEDURES: Measurements of flexion and extension of the carpus, elbow, shoulder, tarsus, stifle, and hip joints and of carpal and tarsal joints during varus and valgus angulation were made by a single investigator before and after sedation of cats. Measurements were made by use of a goniometer with a masked dial. Joint angle measurements were compared between nonsedated and sedated cats and also with measurements from radiographs made while cats were sedated. Each series of measurements was repeated 4 times. To evaluate repeatability, Cronbach alpha values were calculated for repeated measure results of goniometric joint measurements of nonsedated and sedated cats. An intraclass correlation was calculated to determine reliability among the 3 measurement types (ie, measurements from nonsedated and sedated cats and on radiographic evaluation). RESULTS: Joint measurements did not differ significantly by measurement type, when comparing radiographic measurements with goniometric measurements in sedated and nonsedated cats. Cronbach alpha values were > 0.99 for goniometric joint measurements within individual nonsedated and sedated cats and also for comparison of mean measurements obtained from sedated cats versus nonsedated cats versus radiographs. An intraclass correlation of 0.999 revealed high reliability among measurement types. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results indicated that goniometric joint measurements in nonsedated and sedated cats are repeatable and valid.     

宿主蝇蛹对丽蝇蛹集金小蜂寄生与产子蜂量的影响

本文报道宿主蝇种、蜂蛹比例和蝇蛹日龄对丽蝇蛹集金小蜂寄生率及产子蜂量的影响。该蜂在家蝇、丝光绿蝇、巨尾阿丽蝇和红尾粪麻蝇蛹中的寄生率分别为:85％、92％、76％和14％。蜂蛹最适比例为:1:2.5～5。该蜂可产子蜂于1～7日龄的巨尾阿丽蝇蛹,以1～2日龄蝇蛹产子量最高。     

稻水象甲越冬场所的调查及防治对策

稻水象甲是山西近年新发生的检疫对象.经调查,稻水象甲主要集中在土壤表层2cm处越冬.通过加强检疫、适当控水、铲除杂草、药剂控制等措施可以有效控制其传播危害.     

Insecticidal compounds from the essential oil of Chinese medicinal herb Atractylodes chinensis

BACKGROUND: In a screening programme for new agrochemicals from Chinese medicinal herbs, the essential oil of Atractylodes chinensis (DC.) Koidz was found to possess strong insecticidal activity against the common vinegar fly, Drosophila melanogaster L. The essential oil was extracted via hydrodistillation, and its constituents were determined by GC‐MS analysis. RESULTS: The main components of A. chinensis essential oil were β‐eudesmol (21.05%), β‐selinene (11.75%), γ‐elemene (7.16%) and isopetasam (5.36%). Bioactivity‐directed chromatographic separation on repeated silica gel columns led to the isolation of five compounds, namely atractylon, α‐elemol, β‐eudesmol, hinesol and β‐selinene. β‐Selinene, α‐elemol and hinesol showed pronounced contact toxicity against D. melanogaster adults, with LD₅₀ values of 0.55, 0.65 and 0.71 µg adult^?1 respectively. Atractylon and β‐eudesmol were also toxic to the fruit flies (LD₅₀ = 1.63 and 2.65 µg adult^?1 respectively), while the crude oil had an LD₅₀ value of 2.44 µg adult^?1. CONCLUSION: The findings suggested that the essential oil of Atractylodes chinensis and its active constituents may be explored as natural potential insecticides. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry     

高寒半干旱区松免少耕技术效应研究

依据定位进行的田间试验资料，分析了松免少耕在冀西北高寒半干旱区的作物生产，土壤水分、硬度及根系发育效应。研究结果表明，留茬下的松免耕作具有促进作物生育期间土壤蓄水，增加非生育季节土壤冻融聚墒与减少水分蒸失效果。与传统耕作相比，春小麦播期０￣２０ｃｍ土壤水分增加４．４￣９．８ｍｍ。连年免耕，土壤硬度增大，相应土壤表层作物根系比重增加；间松耕维持了与传统耕作相近的土壤硬度，使２０ｃｍ以下作物根系较传统     

覆膜田小地老虎的发生特点及防治技术

近年来的生产实践表明，按照常规测报时间防治覆膜田间的小地老虎，效果不好。分析原因，可能是覆膜田间的小气候影响了小地老虎的发育进程，使防治失时。为此，在1998年调查的基础上，1999～2000年我们对覆膜及露地田该虫的发生情况进行了调查，并提出相应的防治技术，取得较好效果。现简报如下：　　1 调查方法　　选择本地具有代表性的不同时间覆膜的3个类型田：1月上旬播种马铃薯(类型田Ⅰ，下称)、3月中旬直播玉米、大豆、花生等(类型田Ⅱ，下称)、4月上旬移栽玉米等(类型田Ⅲ，下称)及常规露地田(CK)。自4月初(幼虫始见期)起，每5…     

试论灌木是干旱、半干旱区草地恢复中重要的生物资源

西北干旱、半干旱荒漠区是我国典型的荒漠生态系统.灌木是荒漠植被的主要组分,它在维持荒漠生态系统生物多样性、生态服务功能及其稳定性方面具有重要作用.20世纪下半叶,人口和经济快速增长导致的高强度人类活动,深刻地改变了荒漠生态系统的结构及水分和能量循环过程,致使灌木植物严重退化.为了保育灌木资源,提高人们对灌木在草地恢复中重要作用的认识,从改良土壤、物种多样性、防风固沙等方面论述了灌木在草地恢复过程中的特殊作用.建议在草业方面开展深入研究,以便使灌木在草地恢复中发挥更大的效能.     

牙釉质基因鉴定麇鹿性别

性别鉴定是调查野生种群雌雄性比的重要方法,对野生动物种群管理具有重要意义。而牙釉质(AMEL)基因在性染色体上具有较高的保守性,在鉴定动物性别方面得到了应用,本次试验采用北京麋鹿生态实验中心的15头糜鹿组织样本,其中11个来自雄性麇鹿鹿茸,4个来自雌性糜鹿静脉血液。对所取样本分别进行基因组DNA提取、AMEL基因片段PCR扩增、纯化、测序。得到了AMEL基因鉴定和实际雌雄性别个数差异不显著(P>0.05)。结果表明:雌性麋鹿产生1条322 bpX带和1条N带,雄性麋鹿则产生322 bpX带和277 bpY带以及1条N带,雄鹿(10/10)和雌鹿(4/4)性别鉴定结果分别都与实际性别符合,所以,使用鹿茸角和血液样本进行AMEL.基因扩增电泳分析可以对糜鹿性别鉴定。     

农村电网剩余电流总保护器的运行管理

农村电网装设剩余电流动作保护器是有效防止人身电击事故的重要措施之一，也是防止漏电引起电气火灾和电气设备损坏事故的技术措施。如何加强配电台区总保护器的运行维护管理，是当前农电安全管理的重中之重。笔者在认真调研的基础上。结合本公司运行管理经验，认为应从如下几个方面加强农村台区总保护器的运行维护管理。