饲料中添加小苏打对甘南地区荷斯坦牛产奶量的影响

[目的]为研究饲料中添加小苏打对甘南地区荷斯坦牛产奶量的影响。[方法]选用27头健康、年龄、泌乳期一致的荷斯坦牛27头,随机分为3组,每组9头,设为对照组、试验A组、试验B组。分别饲喂8 kg青干草1、kg马铃薯;配合精料（见表2）;配合精料（见表2）＋150 g小苏打。[结果]试验A、B组比对照组日均多产奶3.75 kg和4.3 kg,分别提高了28%和32.1%（P〈0.05）,差异显著,试验B组较A组提高了0.55 kg（P〉0.05）,差异不显著。试验A、B组比对照组日均毛收入提高了7.53和9.65元,试验B组较A组日均毛收入提高了2.12元。[结论]在荷斯坦牛饲料中添加150 g小苏打能有效提高产奶量。     

欧拉羊与甘南山谷型藏羊杂交羔羊屠宰试验

通过对欧山F1和山谷型藏羊羔羊进行屠宰试验,结果得出:9月龄欧山F1羔羊宰前平均活重为38.25 kg,比本地山谷型藏羊羔羊宰前平均活重高10.17 kg,差异极显著(P<0.01)。欧山F1羔羊胴体重和屠宰率分别为15.14 kg和39.58%,比对照组高4.58 kg(P<0.01)和1.96个百分点,差异极显著。欧山F1羔羊净肉率、后腿比例和腰肉比例分别为29.65%、38.18%和12.99%,高于山谷型藏羊4.01、7.78和2.68个百分点;欧山F1羔羊GR值和眼肌面积分别为8.23 mm和12.74 cm2,高于山谷型藏羊1.48 mm和4.38 cm2。     

Water balance in the dog and cat

In respect of its metabolic control of water balance, the cat probably differs as much from the dog as it does in most other respects. In qualitative terms the routes of gain and loss of water are very much the same: in quantitative terms and in its homeostatic response to different environmental stimuli or insults the cat and the dog are rather different. Dogs and cats are among the commonest species with which veterinarians have to deal. They share much the same environment and are treated in much the same way by their owners. They are almost interchangeable as pets. So far as the veterinary profession is concerned, there are a few outstanding differences such as their response to certain drugs, their reproductive behaviour and their range of aggressive and defensive weapons—but they are in other ways treated in a somewhat similar fashion. It is, however, only within recent years that some other outstanding differences have really become identified between the two species. These differences are in aspects of protein, fat and vitamin metabolism which have direct or indirect relevance to feeding cats and dogs. But they are also manifest in water metabolism, which is the subject of this paper. The first part of this paper will deal with some differences in the water metabolism of dogs and cats which are in the scientific literature but are not widely known outside the research field. The second part will describe some of the work which we have been doing on food/water interrelationships of the dog and cat.     

不同过瘤胃淀粉日粮对泌乳奶牛消化代谢的影响

以3头体况良好,安装有永久性瘤胃瘘管的泌乳前期奶牛为试验动物,在日粮精粗比为55∶45的前提条件下,采用3×3完全拉丁方试验设计,研究了3种不同过瘤胃淀粉日粮对泌乳奶牛消化代谢的影响。研究结果表明:3组不同日粮对营养物质的采食、排泄以及消化利用有着一定的规律性。3组不同日粮之间的采食量和消化率无明显差异(P>0.05);低过瘤胃淀粉日粮组的粪NDF排出量明显高于其他2组(P<0.05),其他2组之间差异不显著(P>0.05),粪中其他营养物质的排出量3组之间没有差异(P>0.05)。与对照组相比,其他2组均使尿氮排出量降低,其中高过瘤胃淀粉日粮组达到了显著水平(P<0.05),并且高过瘤胃淀粉日粮的氮沉积量和可消化氮转化为沉积氮的效率也明显高于其他2组(P<0.05),其他2组之间差异不显著。     

去除优势种后高寒针茅化草甸群落对增温增雨及其协同作用的响应

2015年6~8月在青海省海北州高寒针茅化草甸草原进行了模拟气候变化及去除优势种紫花针茅(Stipapurpurea)野外控制试验。通过设置增温2℃,增加降雨量20%,研究植物优势种丧失后气候因素对物种多样性和群落稳定性的影响。结果表明:去除紫花针茅后,增温,增雨及两者的交互作用对植物高度、盖度及地上生物量均没有显著影响;增温处理下Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Simpson优势度指数、Pielou均匀度指数均与对照差异显著(P0.05),说明增温可以提高植物群落的丰富度和均匀度,增雨处理下3个多样性指数均为最高值;去除优势植物紫花针茅后,植物物种数与植物盖度,植物盖度及优势度指数均呈显著正相关。