Pilot study of the practicability of a commercially-available Salmonella rapid test for the detection of the Salmonella content of cattle fecal samples

100 faeces samples of cattle were investigated in comparison to a recent commercially available Salmonella Rapid Test (OXOID) and a cultural standard method (non-selective enrichment in buffered peptone water, selective enrichment in RAPPAPORT-VASSILIADIS-medium) for presence of Salmonella. The Salmonella Rapid Test showed in positive results an accuracy ("sensitivity") of 94.7% and in negative results an assurance ("specificity") of 97.5% and is therefore suitable for rapid detection (within 2 days) of faeces sample of cattle with Salmonella.     

The suitability of morphometric parameters of fat cell size for the purposes of animal science research. 1. Cellularity of swine subcutaneous adipose tissue influenced by different fattening ages and graded feed levels

The cellularity of subcutaneous adipose tissue of 108 male castrated pigs (German Landrace) was investigated. The tissue was taken bioptically under anesthetic conditions. The outer and the inner layer of backfat were examined separately, fresh unfixed tissue slices floating in Ringer solution were subjected to microscopic measurements of adipocyte diameters. The animals were kept in feeding experiments, 3 and 2 sectors respectively of growing period were examined (40 kg; 66 kg, 88 kg body mass) divided into 6 and 4 feeding levels respectively for 21 days (0.4; 0.6/0.8; 1.0; 1.2; 1.4 MJ metabolic energy per kg body mass0.75 per day). The inner layer of backfat showed bigger fat cells compared to the outer layer. The average fat cell size was greater for the older and heavier than for the younger animals. The gradation of food administration resulted not in a straight parallel rise in fat cell size but in an effective consequence with respect to the distribution frequency of the dates: The higher the food energy level, the more the accumulation of small fat cells from 10 til 30 microns diameter. These cell fractions succeeded in being signified as typical and important closed population. Other authors also had described these particular cells, i.e. "fat cell clusters" and "VSFC" (= very small fat cells) respectively. An external use of the dates for computer simulation programs resulted in success and manifested the independently gained conclusions. The examinations were performed by support of different branches of literature and the results had to be discussed in front of a wide background of known connections.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Ectopic ureter in the horse: Three cases and a review of the literature

Ureterovesicular anastomosis resulted in resolution of the clinical signs of urinary incontinence in three horses with unilateral ectopic ureter. Follow-up of two of the horses ten months and three years later indicated no further urinary tract problems; the third horse died four days after surgery from intestinal infarction.

Diagnosis can be readily confirmed by antegrade or retrograde ureterography, or endoscopic visualization of the ectopic ureteral openings. Nephrectomy appears indicated in cases of unilateral ectopic ureter with associated ipsilateral urinary tract infection or hydronephrosis, providing the contralateral kidney has normal function. Ureterovesicular anastomosis appears to be indicated in the management of unilateral ectopic ureters in the absence of ascending urinary tract infection or hydronephrosis, and in cases of bilateral ectopic ureters.

     

The subacute and subchronic toxicity of chlorophacinone in Japanese quail (Coturnix c. japonica)

Accordingly to the subacute toxicity of chlorphacinone to Japanese quail (LC 50: 60 mg/kg feed), the uptake of Delicia-chlorphacinone-baits for several days can be lethal to birds as a matter of principle. A subchronic study resulted in a "no-observed-effect-level" of 1 mg chlorphacinon/kg feed. Reproduction is not affected until dose levels which resulted in lethality or are accompanied by physiological changes (coagulability of blood, microcytic anaemia). Increased sensibility of descendants to chlorphacinone cannot be derived from the findings.     

The use of the sugar beet in swine nutrition. 2. The effect of different preparation processes on the apparent prececal and fecal digestibility

With ileum cannulated sows were tested the apparent precaecal and faecal digestibility of crude nutrients from raw and thermically treated fodder sugar beets of size "Rosamona". Two samples from two different harvest years, differing extremely in the content of disaccharides were tested. The crude nutrient digestibility affected stronger by content of sucrose then by treatment. Fodder sugar beets with contents of disaccharide lower then 400 g/kg DM showed low precaecal and faecal digestibilities. A longer cooling phase decreased the feed value of steamed beets through the microbial attack in the formation of precaecal indigestible sugar alcohols (mannitol).