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101.
The antitermitic activities of leaf oils and their constituents, taken from three clones of Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh. in Thailand, against Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki were investigated in contact and noncontact tests. The termiticidal mechanism was also examined. Antitermitic tests
demonstrated that E. camaldulensis leaf oils were both contact toxicants and fumigants to C. formosanus with LC50 values ranging between 12.68 and 17.50 mg/g by the contact method, and between 12.65 and 17.50 mg/petri dish (100 cm3) by the noncontact method. p-Cymene and γ-terpinene were primarily responsible for the contact toxicity and 1,8-cineole was responsible for fumigation.
From the investigation of termiticidal mechanism, E. camaldulensis leaf oils exhibited the inhibition of acetylcholinesterase activity and showed the common symptoms of a neurotoxic mode of
action against C. formosanus.
Part of this report was presented at the 58th Annual Meeting of the Japan Wood Research Society, Tsukuba, March 2008 相似文献
102.
Yukio Yasuda Yoshikazu Ohtani Yasuko Mizoguchi Tsuyoshi Nakamura Hideyuki Miyahara 《Journal of Forest Research》2008,13(5):320-325
Measurement of soil CO2 concentrations is important for investigating the dynamics and diffusion of CO2 in soil. In this study, we developed a small CO2 analyzer for measuring in situ-soil CO2 concentrations. The CO2 analyzer consists of a module containing an infrared CO2 gas sensor, a temperature sensor, and a relative humidity sensor. These sensors are installed in a protective box with an
air vent, which is suitable for burying in the soil. The output response time of the CO2 analyzer was 349 s, as evaluated from the phase lag after input of known CO2 concentrations. This response time is short enough to measure soil CO2 concentrations, because variations in concentration are slower than the response time of the analyzer. In a field test, we
used the CO2 analyzer to measure soil CO2 concentrations at five depths (0–50 cm) over 2.5 months. While the CO2 concentration generally increased with depth, the amplitude of the variation in CO2 concentration decreased with depth. The phase lag of the variations in soil CO2 concentration also increased with depth, as did soil temperature. The tests confirm that the CO2 analyzer is applicable to continuous monitoring of soil CO2 concentrations. 相似文献
103.
Kouhei Ohtani Atsunori Isshiki Hiroshi Katoh Hiroyuki Yamamoto Kazuya Akimitsu 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2003,69(2):120-125
The Acpg1 gene of Alternaria citri encodes an extracellular endopolygalacturonase that is important for virulence in citrus fruits. Expression of Acpg1 is regulated by substrate induction and carbon catabolite repression. A green fluorescent protein (GFP) gene was employed
as a reporter gene to define 813 bases upstream of the translation start site comprising the Acpg1 promoter. This upstream sequence contains five putative binding sequences of catabolite repressive element A (CreA), a cis-acting zinc finger repressor involved in carbon catabolite repression. We constructed each CreA-binding site-deleted Acpg1 promoters with GFP reporter gene and transformed them to A. citri. The construct PGPDL4 deleted from −401 to −813 showed both substrate induction and catabolite repression, whereas PGPDL5
additionally deleted from −1 to −84, including one putative CreA-binding site, resulted in a loss of catabolite repression
function. Green fluorescence of PGPDL4 was induced by pectin in the peel but was repressed completely in the juice sac area
of citrus fruit. However, green fluorescence of PGPDL5 was induced in both the peel and juice sac area, indicating that repression
of Acpg1 in the juice sac area is likely accomplished by carbon catabolite repression.
Received: October 4, 2002 / Accepted: October 31, 2002
Acknowledgments The authors thank Drs. D. Cullen, A. Van den Wymelenberg, and J. Andrews, University of Wisconsin, for providing pTEFEGFP
containing GFP and Dr. T. Tsuge, Nagoya University, for providing transformation vector pSH75. The nucleotide sequence data
of Acpg1 promoter region in the DDBJ, EMBL, and GenBank sequence databases is under accession number AB047543. This research was supported
in part by grants to K.A. from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology of Japan. 相似文献
104.
105.
Toshikazu Ohtani Makiko Kawabata Asayo Sase Motohiro Fukami 《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(4):599-610
This experiment was conducted to investigate the influence of ammonium salts on the uptake of cadmium (Cd) and nutritional heavy metals (copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn), and iron (Fe)) by rice, barley, and spinach. These plants were grown in Cd, Cu, and Zn contaminated entisol (ES) or andisol (AS). The following ammonium salts were used: ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3), ammonium sulfate ((NH4)2SO4), ammonium chloride (NH4Cl), and ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (NH4H2PO4). In ES, the Cd concentrations in three plant shoots were higher with NH4Cl than with the other salts. The concentrations of Cd in soil solutions collected from ES were higher with NH4Cl. Thus, the increase of Cd uptake by three plants with NH4Cl treatment would be caused by the increased concentration of Cd in the soil solution. In contrast, in AS, the concentrations of the heavy metals in the shoots of all plants were not different among NH4 applications, with one exception, the Mn concentration in rice increased with NH4Cl in both ES and AS. 相似文献
106.
Analysis of volatile compounds released during the grinding of roasted coffee beans using solid-phase microextraction 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Akiyama M Murakami K Ohtani N Iwatsuki K Sotoyama K Wada A Tokuno K Iwabuchi H Tanaka K 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2003,51(7):1961-1969
A dynamic solid-phase microextraction (SPME) method to sample fresh headspace volatile compounds released during the grinding of roasted coffee beans was described and the analytical results using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and GC/olfactometry (GC/O) were compared to those of the conventional static SPME sampling methods using ground coffee. Volatile compounds released during the grinding of roasted coffee beans (150 g) were obtained by exposing the SPME fiber (poly(dimethylsiloxane)/divinylbenzene, PDMS/ DVB) for 8 min to nitrogen gas (600 mL/min) discharged from a glass vessel in which the electronic coffee grinder was enclosed. Identification and characterization of volatile compounds thus obtained were achieved by GC/MS and GC/O. Peak areas of 47 typical coffee volatile compounds, separated on total ion chromatogram (TIC), obtained by the dynamic SPME method, showed coefficients of variation less than 5% (n = 3) and the gas chromatographic profile of volatile compounds thus obtained was similar to that of the solvent extract of ground coffee, except for highly volatile compounds such as 4-hydroxy-2,5-dimethyl-3(2H)-furanone and 4-ethenyl-2-methoxyphenol. Also, SPME dilution analysis of volatile compounds released during the grinding of roasted coffee beans showed linear plots of peak area versus exposed fiber length (R (2) > 0.89). Compared with those of the headspace volatile compounds of ground coffee using GC/MS and GC/O, the volatile compounds generated during the grinding of roasted coffee beans were rich in nutty- and smoke-roast aromas. 相似文献