Recreational sector is the dominant source of fishing mortality for oceanic fishes in the Southeast United States Atlantic Ocean

Recreational fishing is increasingly recognised as an important source of mortality for marine fish populations. In the United States, estimates of marine recreational catch and effort were recently revised for the time period 1981 and beyond, and for many species, the revised estimates were substantially higher than the original values. Here, the proportion of total landings that came from the recreational sector in the Southeast US Atlantic was quantified. The proportions for 22 oceanic species and for all species combined were computed, using a full time series of landings (1981–2016) and a more recent time series (1999–2016). For the full and recent time series, landings of most species (15/22 and 17/22, respectively) were dominated by the recreational sector. For all species combined, 71% of landings in the full time series were from the recreational sector, and 76% in the recent time series. Trend analysis indicated that most species had a stable or increasing proportion of landings from the recreational sector. In addition, stock assessments were conducted on four species, and the catch revisions increased the estimated scale of abundance and, in some cases, affected stock or fishery status. This work underscores the importance of recreational fishing for marine resource management.     

马铃薯试管薯的诱导和应用

试管薯与试管苗一样是马铃薯脱毒原原种薯生产的基础。研究从诱导试管薯形成的最佳接种密度、利用试管薯生产脱毒种薯和保存种质资源的优越性3个方面进行。结果表明,进行试管薯诱导时每瓶接种10个茎切段能获得较多数量和较高质量的试管薯。利用试管薯生产脱毒种薯,可以提高脱毒苗的成活率,保证了脱毒薯的产量和质量,是比较优良的生产方式。运用试管薯保存种质资源,可以减少转接次数,降低病毒病的累加机率,提高了苗源质量,是一种较为实用和保存时间长的方法。     

拮抗油菜菌核病菌的链霉菌分离筛选与鉴定

从甘肃省河西走廊改良后的盐碱地分离链霉菌用于油菜菌核病菌的拮抗研究,并对拮抗菌进行鉴定。分离得到10株不同菌落形态的链霉菌,其中有2菌株对油菜菌核病有拮抗作用,编号Ⅲ22-3-3和Ⅲ22-3-12。与油菜菌核病进行对峙培养结果发现,Ⅲ22-3-3和Ⅲ22-3-12抑菌圈直径分别为1.2和0.9cm;离体叶菌丝接种试验表明,Ⅲ22-3-3和Ⅲ22-3-12对油菜菌核病菌的防治效果分别达63.5%和49.1%;Ⅲ22-3-12能在油菜菌核上定殖并寄生分解菌核,同对照相比菌核萌发率下降18.2%;通过形态培养特征、生理生化特征和16S rDNA鉴定表明,Ⅲ22-3-3为产水链霉菌(Streptomyces hydrogenans),Ⅲ22-3-12为球孢链霉菌(Streptomyces globisporus)。 [     

兴安落叶松天然林不同林分结构林木水平分布格局特征研究

通过样地调查,分析了不同结构草类-落叶松林和杜香-落叶松林林木分布格局特征。研究表明:(1)年龄36 - 65年草类-落叶松林和年龄54 - 63年杜香-落叶松林分布格局中,均匀分布、随机分布和聚集分布所占比例分别为6.2%、50%、43.8%;(2)按林型分,草类-落叶松林分布格局中,均匀分布和随机分布所占比例均11.1%,聚集分布占77.8%。杜香-落叶松林分布格局均为随机分布;(3)树种组成在6落4阔 - 10落范围内,草类-落叶松林和杜香-落叶松林分布格局主要为聚集分布和随机分布两种类型。聚集分布主要集中在树种组成7落3阔 - 9落1阔范围内。     

Al-substituted goethite—An indicator of pedogenic and other weathering environments in South Africa

Over 200 goethite-containing samples from widely diverse environments along the eastern seaboard of South Africa were examined and described, mainly by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD).Aluminium-substituted goethites ranging from 0 to about 32 mole % AlOOH were identified mainly by XRD line-shift and chemical extraction. They occur in every soil zone and major soil type in one or other form from sources such as: (1) non-hydromorphic- highly weathered (strongly acid soils, ferruginous bauxites, saprolites) and moderately weathered (moderately acid soils) environments; (2) hydromorphic environments (mottles, concentrations, pipe stems, crusts, ferricretes, geodes); and (3) crusts in calcareous environments. These goethites, formed in different climatic and weathering environments were grouped according to their amount of Al-substitution and crystallinity (as determined by XRD line broadening). Al-substitution in goethite formed in hydromorphic, moderately acid soils and calcareous environments was generally low (0–15 mole %). Goethite formed in non-hydromorphic highly weathered environments was generally high in Al-substitution (15–32 mole %) and increased in the following order: saprolites and strongly acid, freely drained soils < ferruginous bauxites < strongly acid soils overlying plinthite.This study showed that the degree of Al-substitution and crystallinity of goethites may reflect the environment in which they have formed and serve as an indicator of soilforming processes.     

提高综合性农业科技期刊自身发展能力的探讨

简述了综合性农业期刊在竞争中发展自己的经验增强编辑的创新意识和能力,栏目策划是先导,选题策划是关键,最大限度的缩短出版时滞。紧跟学科领域的重大、重点科研项目,进行超前和后续追踪报道,瞄准生产上的热点问题进行及时报道。     

浙江天童国家森林公园常绿阔叶林生物量研究(Ⅰ)群落结构及主要组成树种生物量特征

以浙江天童常绿阔叶林为研究对象,在选取的永久样方中应用每木调查法调查了群落的种类组成,并对群落结构进行了分析.通过收获法直接测定了群落草本层和灌木层的生物量,并采用标准木法间接测定了乔木层生物量,同时分析了该群落及其主要组成树种的生物量特征.结果表明:木荷Schima superba,米槠Castanopsis carlesii为群落优势种,它们与石栎Lithocarpus glaber,栲树Castanopsis fargesii,细叶青冈Cyclobalanopsis myrsinaefolia共同构成了该群落的主要树种.群落生物量主要是由群落内主要组成树种的生物量构成的,主要集中在乔木层,其生物量主要分配在米槠和木荷上,各层生物量绝大多数由主要组成树种的生物量构成,乔木层和灌木层主要树种的生物量器官分配为干＞枝＞叶.图2表3参17     

西部地区高校武术竞技水平发展现状研究——以新疆维吾尔自治区为例

采用数据分析法、问卷调查法和文献资料法,以2011年新疆自治区大学生武术竞赛为研究视角和研究对象,对西部地区高校竞技武术水平现状进行分析和研究。研究发现,目前新疆37所普通高校中石河子大学、新疆医科大学竞技武术水平较为突出,其次是新疆大学和新疆师范大学,新疆昌吉学院和教育学院竞技武术训练发展较为普及和重视。分析认为,影响西部地区高校竞技武术发展水平的因素有高校武术运动员选材机制和培养模式、高校体育竞技武术管理模式、武术文化底蕴和校园武术文化氛围等多方面因素。     

西藏三大优良牦牛类群产乳性能及乳品质分析

1997-1998年对嘉黎、帕里、斯布三大优良类群的成年母牦牛进行了产奶性能的测定与乳品分析,结果表明帕里牦牛的产乳量最高(199.80 kg);其次是斯布牦牛(179.70 kg);嘉黎牦牛最低(147.00 kg),产乳量均低于国内外其他牦牛。乳品分析结果为帕里牦牛乳蛋白质含量为5.73 %,乳脂率为5.95 %,乳糖为3.77 %;斯布牦牛为5.27 %,7.50 %,3.49 %;嘉黎牦牛为5.10 %,6.75 %,3.56 %,并且发现嘉黎牦牛乳中含有微量的硒(0.0064 mg/kg)。     

Modeling the Exchanges of Energy, Water, and Carbon Between Continents and the Atmosphere

Atmospheric general circulation models used for climate simulation and weather forecasting require the fluxes of radiation, heat, water vapor, and momentum across the land-atmosphere interface to be specified. These fluxes are calculated by submodels called land surface parameterizations. Over the last 20 years, these parameterizations have evolved from simple, unrealistic schemes into credible representations of the global soil-vegetation-atmosphere transfer system as advances in plant physiological and hydrological research, advances in satellite data interpretation, and the results of large-scale field experiments have been exploited. Some modern schemes incorporate biogeochemical and ecological knowledge and, when coupled with advanced climate and ocean models, will be capable of modeling the biological and physical responses of the Earth system to global change, for example, increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide.