猪OLR1基因对肌内前脂肪细胞分化的影响

研究氧化型低密度脂蛋白受体1(oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor1,OLR1)基因在猪前脂肪细胞分化过程中的作用,为深入研究OLR1基因在脂肪沉积中的功能奠定基础。根据GenBank中猪OLR1基因序列(登录号:NM₂13805),构建OLR1基因过表达载体OLR1-pcDNA3.1,同时合成干扰OLR1表达的siRNA。从恩施黑猪背最长肌中分离前脂肪细胞,分别将OLR1-pcDNA3.1和OLR1-siRNA转染前脂肪细胞,并对细胞进行诱导分化,至第6天,通过油红O染色、甘油三酯含量测定和荧光定量PCR检测OLR1基因对前脂肪细胞分化的影响。结果显示,OLR1过表达组脂滴明显多于对照组,甘油三酯含量显著(P<0.05)增加,成脂分化标志基因PPARγ的表达量极显著(P<0.01)升高、C/EBPα和FAS的表达量显著(P<0.05)升高;干扰OLR1后,细胞内脂滴减少,甘油三酯含量显著(P<0.05)下降,成脂分化标志基因PPARγ的表达量极显著(P<0.01)下降,C/EBPα和FA...     

冬小麦不同钼效率品种钼吸收差异及其与根系形态特征的关系

采用水培试验研究冬小麦钼高效品种97003和钼低效品种97014对钼的吸收累积能力差异及其与根系形态特征的关系,结果表明:冬小麦钼高效品种97003在缺钼条件下钼累积量高于钼低效品种97014.冬小麦钼高效品种97003向叶片中转移钼的能力高于钼低效品种97014,在施钼和不施钼时,97003叶片中钼的累积量分别占整株累积量的86.2％和96.3％,高于97014的78.9％和87.2％.同时,2个冬小麦品种在根系形态上还存在基因型差异.缺钼条件下,冬小麦钼高效品种97003具有较好的根系形态特征,根长、根表面积、根体积、平均直径分别是97014的1.16、1.41、1.21、1.73倍,在根表面积、根体积、平均直径上差异达显著水平.缺钼时,97003的总根长、根系总表面积、根系总体积、平均直径分别为施钼时的1.13、1.28、1.12、1.44倍,且除总根长外,各参数均达显著水平.无论是否施钼,97014的各参数差异不显著.     

不同土壤含水量下种衣剂对棉苗生长的影响及其抗旱机理

本研究表明,水分适度或充分供水时,种衣剂才能发挥最大的效果;在相对含水量为35％～45％,45％～55％,65％～75％,85％～95％的水分条件下,种衣剂处理在出苗率、生物量等方面均比对照有显著提高,尤其在干旱条件下表现更为明显,这种抗旱能力的提高可能是种衣剂通过提高幼苗体内超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性及减少丙二醛（MDA）的累积而实现的。     

精氨酸在体内和体外试验中对鲤鱼免疫力的影响

本试验采用体外和体内2种方法来研究精氨酸(Arg)对鲤鱼免疫力的影响。体外试验中,在培养基中分别添加0、0.5、1.0、1.5和2.0mmol/L的Arg,将肾脏白细胞培养不同的时间段后测定增殖指数、呼吸爆发活力、吞噬活力和杀菌率。体内试验中,将平均体重37g的鲤鱼随机分为5组,每组3个重复,每个重复10条,分别体内注射0、25、50、100和200 mg/kg鱼体重的Arg,商业饲料投喂2周,进行肾脏白细胞增殖指数、呼吸爆发活力和吞噬活力的测定,以及血清和肝胰脏一氧化氮(NO)含量、一氧化氮合成酶(NOS)活性及血清白蛋白(ALB)含量的测定。体外试验结果表明:添加Arg能够提高肾脏白细胞的增殖指数、呼吸爆发活力、吞噬活力和杀菌率。培养12和24h后,1.0、1.5和2.0mmol/L Arg组肾脏白细胞增殖指数显著高于0mmol/L Arg组(P0.05);培养6、12和24h后,1.0mmol/L Arg组肾脏白细胞呼吸爆发活力显著高于0mmol/L Arg组(P0.05);培养12和24h后,1.0、1.5和2.0mmol/L Arg组肾脏白细胞吞噬活力显著高于0mmol/L Arg组(P0.05);培养18h后,1.0、1.5和2.0 mmol/L Arg组肾脏白细胞杀菌率显著高于0 mmol/L Arg组(P0.05)。体内试验结果表明:50、100和200 mg/kg Arg组肾脏白细胞呼吸爆发活力、吞噬活力和增殖指数显著高于0mg/kg Arg组(P0.05);100和200mg/kg Arg组血清ALB和NO含量显著高于0 mg/kg Arg组(P0.05),50、100和200mg/kg Arg组血清NOS活性显著高于0mg/kg Arg组(P0.05);50、100和200mg/kg Arg组肝胰脏NO含量显著高于0mg/kg Arg组(P0.05),25和50mg/kg Arg组肝胰脏NOS活性显著高于0mg/kg Arg组(P0.05)。由此可见,Arg提高了鲤鱼肾脏白细胞的免疫力,体外试验表明Arg的适宜浓度为1.0mmol/L。正常摄食情况下,Arg在鲤鱼体内注射适宜浓度为50~100mg/kg。     

Evidence of non-site-specific agricultural management effects on the score of visual soil quality indicators

This study investigates 11 agricultural management practices (AMPs) and their effects on seven visual soil quality indicators and soil aggregate stability. The survey carried out across eight pedoclimatic zones in Europe and China was based on visual soil assessments (New Zealand VSA method) performed on soils subject to different soil management practices and nearby similar soils, under similar farming features, without the distinctive soil management practice (control). Fisher's exact test was used to test if the management treatment was independent of the score of each visual soil quality indicator and to test if the management treatment produced a higher frequency of the score ‘good’. The results showed a statistically significant (α < .05) higher frequency of the score ‘good’ for ‘soil structure and consistency’ and/or ‘soil porosity’ for six AMPs. For no-till AMP, the null hypothesis can also be rejected for ‘susceptibility to erosion’ and ‘soil stability’ and for ‘mulching + permanent soil cover’ AMP, for the ‘presence of tillage pan’ and ‘soil colour’. The hypothesis that the management treatment was independent of the score of each indicator was rejected for ‘soil structure and consistency’ of three AMPs, for ‘soil porosity’ of three AMPs, for ‘soil colour’ of one AMP and for the ‘presence of tillage pan’ of one AMP. This study demonstrates that farming systems sharing a common influential soil management practice at different locations and with different soil types significantly affect the score of some visual soil quality indicators.     

Evaluation of the Influence of Multiple Environmental Factors on the Biodegradation of Dibenzofuran, Phenanthrene, and Pyrene by a Bacterial Consortium Using an Orthogonal Experimental Design

For a bioremediation process to be effective, we suggest to perform preliminary studies in laboratory to describe and characterize physicochemical and biological parameters (type and concentration of nutrients, type and number of microorganisms, temperature) of the environment concerned. We consider that these studies should be done by taking into account the simultaneous interaction between different factors. By knowing the response capacity to pollutants, it is possible to select and modify the right treatment conditions to enhance bioremediation.     

Insight into the Mechanism of Coffee Melanoidin Formation Using Modified "in Bean" Models

To study the mechanism of coffee melanoidin formation, green coffee beans were prepared by (1) removal of the hot water extractable components (WECoffee); (2) direct incorporation of sucrose (SucCoffee); and (3) direct incorporation of type II arabinogalactan-proteins (AGPCoffee). As a control of sucrose and AGP incorporation, lyophilized green coffee beans were also immersed in water (control). The original coffee and the four modified "in bean" coffee models were roasted and their chemical characteristics compared. The formation of material not identified as carbohydrates or protein, usually referred to as "unknown material" and related to melanoidins, and the development of the brown color during coffee roasting have distinct origins. Therefore, a new parameter for coffee melanoidin evaluation, named the "melanoidin browning index" (MBI), was introduced to handle simultaneously the two concepts. Sucrose is important for the formation of colored structures but not to the formation of "unknown material". Type II AGPs also increase the brown color of the melanoidins, but did not increase the amount of "unknown material". The green coffee hot water extractable components are essential for coffee melanoidin formation during roasting. The cell wall material was able to generate a large amount of "unknown material". The galactomannans modified by the roasting and the melanoidin populations enriched in galactomannans accounted for 47% of the high molecular weight brown color material, showing that these polysaccharides are very relevant for coffee melanoidin formation.     

砧木上苗定位机构吸附块仿真设计与性能试验

为解决嫁接机人工上苗过程中砧木子叶损伤和叶柄劈裂问题,采用正压气流压苗和负压吸附定位原理,设计一种辅助自动上苗作业的砧木上苗定位机构。通过建立机构有限元分析模型,在给定边界约束条件下利用CFD软件对吸附块内部气流场进行动力学仿真,获得气室内部流场分布情况及各因素对砧木子叶吸附力的影响。采用仿真正交试验对吸附块结构参数进行优化设计,确定吸附块各因素对吸孔平均吸力影响的主次顺序依次为出口负压、吸孔直径、吸孔深度;当吸附块出口负压3 kPa,吸孔直径1 mm和吸孔深度4 mm时,吸附块对子叶具有较好的吸附能力。上苗试验结果表明:该机构对白籽南瓜苗子叶吸附成功率为96.67%,压苗成功率为99.33%,综合上苗成功率为96.03%,伤苗率仅为0.67%,作业性能满足嫁接机自动上苗作业要求。子叶吸附失败原因是子叶方向和上苗高度控制不准确,以及子叶展角过小导致叶柄劈裂。吸附块作业面仿形和结构参数仿真试验对提高砧木柔性和安全上苗具有重要意义,大幅缩短了吸附块设计周期,研究结果为解决嫁接机自动上苗问题提供理论依据和设计参考。