Summary The antinutritional factors found in soybean, lectin (SBL) and Kunitz trypsin inhibitor (SKTI), are usually inactivated by heat treatment. However, residual activity of these factors can be found in several types of soy-derived products. Heat treatment does not completely eliminate these factors, and in addition it may considerably decrease protein solubility. The genetic elimination of these antinutritional factors could be an alternative to the heat treatment. This study aimed to develop soybean lines devoid of SKTI and SBL in their seeds. The population under study was obtained by crossing the normal cv. Monarca with a soybean line lacking SKTI and SBL. Specific DNA primers were designed for the identification of the recessive alleles that condition the absence of SKTI and SBL. F2 seeds presenting the DNA markers that identify the recessive alleles were selected and the corresponding F2 plants were backcrossed with the recurrent parent (‘Monarca’), producing the BC1F1 generation. The F2 generation was analyzed by SDS-PAGE in order to confirm the genotypes of the F2 selected. The segregation tests confirmed that these traits are governed by two genes that segregate independently. 相似文献
The antioxidant responses of Solanum nigrum L. cell suspension cultures to metalaxyl exposure were investigated. An increase in lipid peroxidation and hydrogen peroxide content, for both concentrations tested (20 mg L−1; 40 mg L−1) revealed the response of oxidative metabolism of cell suspensions to metalaxyl. Superoxide dismutase (SOD; EC 1.15.1.1), catalase (CAT; EC 1.11.1.6) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX; EC 1.11.1.11) activities increased, particularly in the highest concentration of metalaxyl used. An analysis by non-denaturing polyacrylamide gel (PAGE) followed by staining for enzyme activity, revealed seven SOD isoenzymes, two CAT isoenzymes, and nine APX isoenzymes. Metalaxyl levels were quantified in the culture medium and results suggest that suspension cells were able to accumulate and/or degrade the fungicide five hours after exposure. SOD, CAT and APX isoenzymes were differently affected by the metalaxyl treatment. Results suggest that the higher concentration of metalaxyl induced oxidative stress to cell suspension cultures of S. nigrum. 相似文献
Relatively few studies have documented the impacts of afforestation, particularly production forestry, on belowground carbon dioxide (CO2) effluxes to the atmosphere. We evaluated the changes in the soil CO2 efflux—a proxy for soil respiration (Rs)—for three years following a native grassland conversion to eucalypt plantations in southern Brazil where minimum tillage during site preparation created two distinct soil zones, within planting row (W) and between-row (B). We used root-exclusion and carbon (C)- isotopic approaches to distinguish Rs components (heterotrophic-Rh and autotrophic-Ra respirations), and a CO2 profile tube (1-m deep) to determine the concentration ([CO2]) and isotopic C signature of soil CO2 (δ13[CO2]). The soil CO2 efflux in the afforested site averaged 0.37 g CO2 m?2 h?1, which was 56% lower than the soil CO2 efflux in the grassland. The δ13CO2 in the afforested site ranged from ? 14.1‰ to ? 29.4‰, indicating a greater contribution of eucalypt-derived respiration (both Rh and Ra) over time. Higher soil CO2 efflux and lower [CO2] were observed in W than B, indicating that soil preparation creates two distinct soil functional zones with respect to C cycling. The [CO2] and δ13[CO2] decreased in both zonal positions with eucalypt stand development. Although the equilibrium in C fluxes and pools across multiple rotations is needed to fully account for the feedback of eucalypt planted forests to climate change, we provide quantitative information on soil CO2 dynamics after afforestation and show how soil preparation can leverage the feedback of planted forests to climate change.
Differentiation between organic and conventional coffee has increased due to the growing demand and high consumption of healthy
foods that contain compounds with antioxidant potential, which have been associated with the reduction of chronic diseases.
We used organic and conventional coffee in powder 4% (w/w) and infusions 5%, 10% and 20% (w/v) incorporated in a commercial
diet to test in vivo. The levels of chlorogenic acid, caffeine and trigonelline were determined by high performance liquid chromatography. The
body weight, weight gain, food consumption, aberrant foci crypt, mucin depleted foci, stress biomarkers protein carbonyl and
malondialdehyde, biochemical parameters and behavior of the rats were compared between the experimental and control groups
within a framework of colon carcinogenesis. The organic coffee showed higher levels of chlorogenic acid, caffeine and trigonelline
than conventional, however, this difference did not significantly affect behavior. The infusions had an antioxidant effect,
reducing the levels of malondialdehyde; however, the biochemical parameters of the serum were not altered, and there was neither
induction nor prevention of preneoplasic lesions. 相似文献
Summary Tubers showed changes in their nutritional value caused by the treatment of the plants with the insecticide deltamethrin.
The level of starch was increased in comparison with control tubers; but the amylose percentage was not affected. In contrast,
the total protein content decreased in tubers from treated plants, whereas free amino acids level and ascorbic acid content
increased. The results showed that the changes in the tubers caused by the treatment of potato plants with deltamethrin did
not adversely affect the nutritional value of the progeny tubers. 相似文献
An 8-wk-old, male, mixed-breed puppy was adopted from a rescue organization. From the time of adoption, the puppy suffered episodes of illness affecting various organ systems, which resolved with supportive therapy but relapsed once medical therapy was discontinued. Review of the hematologic data revealed cyclic fluctuations in circulating blood cells. Cyclicity was most prominent in neutrophils, with recurrent severe neutropenia. Neutropenic episodes lasted 5–6 d, with regular cycles of 11–14 d between nadir neutrophil counts. Genetic testing determined that the patient was homozygous mutant for the frameshift mutation in the adaptor protein complex 3 β-subunit (AP3B1) gene, originally identified in gray collies with cyclic hematopoiesis (CH). Pedigree information was not available, but the patient’s features were phenotypically distinct from those of collies. We describe here a case of the AP3B1 mutation in a mixed-breed dog that did not resemble a collie, undescribed previously, to our knowledge. Our findings indicate that the AP3B1 mutation and CH are present within the general canine population and are not restricted to collies. 相似文献