日本囊对虾原肌球蛋白的原核表达、抗体制备以及组织表达分析

食物过敏是人类常见的一种过敏性疾病,主要由食物中的蛋白质引起。原肌球蛋白(tropomyosin,TPM)是食用虾蟹等甲壳动物引起过敏反应的主要致敏物质。研究从日本囊对虾肌肉组织中克隆了TPM基因,进行了原核表达和蛋白质纯化,并进一步制备了相应的抗体。Western-blotting分析表明原肌球蛋白在日本囊对虾组织中普遍表达,并且肌肉组织中表达量最高而鳃和皮肤组织中表达量最低。研究结果为对虾过敏性疾病的诊断和治疗以及脱敏食品开发等奠定了理论基础。     

Effects of day and night temperature on photosynthesis,antioxidant enzyme activities,and endogenous hormones in tomato leaves during the flowering stage

To study the effects of day and night temperature difference (DIF) on tomato growth, a controlled experiment using Solanum lycopersicum L., cv. Jinguan 5 was conducted. The daily mean temperature (T_m) was maintained at 18°C and 25°C, and the DIF was set at 0°C, 6°C, and 12°C. The results indicated that chlorophyll a (Chl a) and chlorophyll b (Chl b) gradually increased as DIF rose. At 18°C T_m, the carotenoid content reached a maximum at 12°C DIF. The Chl a/Chl b, net photosynthetic rate (P_N), photosynthetic rate at irradiation saturation (P_max), stomatal conductance (g_s), intercellular CO₂ concentration (C_i), stomatal limitation value, the maximum assimilation rate (A_max), apparent quantum efficiency (A_q), carboxylation efficiency (C_e), superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), gibberellin A₃ (GA₃), and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) were highest, while malondialdehyde (MDA) was lowest at 6°C DIF. At 25°C T_m, P_N, P_max, A_max, A_q, C_e, g_s, C_i, CAT, POD, GA₃, IAA, and zeatin reached the maximum under 6°C DIF, while SOD and MDA reached the maximum under 12°C DIF. Furthermore, the morphological index peaked at 6°C DIF under 18°C and 25°C T_m. The results suggested that 6°C DIF improved the growth and development of tomato during the flowering stage. ABBREVIATIONS: Aq – apparent quantum efficiency; Amax – the maximum assimilation rate; CAT – Catalase; Chl a(b) – chlorophyll a(b); Ca – ambient CO₂ concentration; Ce – carboxylation efficiency; Ci – intercellular CO₂ concentration; DIF – difference between day temperature (TD) and night temperature(TN); FM – fresh mass; gs – stomatal conductance; GA₃ – gibberellin A₃; IAA – indole-3-acetic acid; Ls – stomatal limitation value; MDA – malondialdehyde; Pmax – photosynthetic rate at irradiation saturation; PN – net photosynthetic rate; POD – peroxidase; ROS – reactive oxygen species; SOD – superoxidedismutase; Tm – daily mean temperature; ZT – zeatin.     

一个改进的土壤铵、磷和钾等温吸附新模型

土壤对养分的吸附特性是土壤化学和植物营养学的重要研究内容。9个供试土壤的NH4+、PO43-和K+吸附试验表明,Langmuir、Freundlish和Temkin等温吸附方程对其有较好的拟合效果,但亦有部分供试土壤的拟合精度不良。本文引进种群生态学的"形状因子d"概念,在Langmuir方程基础上构造了一个新的吸附模型。理论分析表明,新吸附模型综合反映了3个等温吸附方程所描述的吸附特征。模拟结果表明,等温吸附方程模拟不佳的供试土壤,用新模型模拟均能达到显著水平;新吸附模型的拟合精度(R2)高于3个等温吸附方程,且标准差最小。形状因子d的变化幅度在0.608 0～2.929 0,体现了土壤理化性质对NH4+、PO43-和K+等温吸附曲线形状的影响。新吸附模型和Langmuir方程的NH4+、PO43-和K+的qm值之间的线性相关系数分别为0.851 5**、0.825 8**和0.912 8**(n=9)。土壤理化性质分析表明,新吸附模型的PO43-和K+的qm值与土壤有机质之间、土壤NH4+和K+的qm值与CEC之间均有显著水平的线性正相关。NH4+的qm值与土壤碱解氮含量亦呈显著水平的线性正相关,而PO34-的qm值与土壤有效磷含量则呈显著水平的线性负相关。数学形式简洁的新等温吸附模型为采用统一模式定量处理土壤对NH4+、PO43-和K+的吸附特性提供了一条新途径。     

黄河首曲重大生态功能区护岸林建设问题探讨

分析了河岸防护林改变区域小气候、巩固河岸、保持水土、防风固沙、改良土壤、湿地保护、提供饲料、薪材和增加收入、提高畜牧业生产力、丰富和改善高寒区景观等作用,系统阐述了加强河岸防护林建设的重要性,针对性地提出了河岸防护林树种组成单一、体系结构不够完整、自然因素恶劣等护岸林建设问题,并提出了进一步发展建设的对策,在黄河首曲重大生态功能区的环境建设中加强黄河护岸林建设,对于黄河首曲生态环境的治理、恢复、重建和改善具有十分重要的意义。     

内陆河湿地芦苇叶功能性状特征及其对土壤环境因子的响应

植物功能性状是连接植物与外界环境的重要桥梁,其在不同环境梯度下的变化表现出了对异质环境的适应机制。本文以敦煌西湖国家级自然保护区克隆植物芦苇（Phragmites australis）为研究对象,设置了未退化、轻度退化、中度退化和重度退化4个梯度样地,研究环境异质条件下芦苇叶功能性状特征及其对土壤环境因子的响应。结果表明：①各环境梯度下,芦苇叶功能性状特征变化显著（P<0.05）,叶长、叶宽、叶面积、叶干重随环境梯度退化呈下降趋势,比叶面积随梯度退化呈上升趋势;②芦苇各叶功能性状间呈协同变化的特征,叶长、叶宽、叶面积、叶干重之间呈极显著正相关（P<0.01）,比叶面积与叶长、叶干重呈显著负相关（P<0.05）;③ 叶长、叶宽、叶面积、叶干重与土壤表层（0~30 cm）、中层（30~60 cm）水分呈显著正相关（P<0.05）,而与土壤表层、中层含盐量呈显著负相关（P<0.05）,说明土壤表层与中层的水分与盐分是芦苇叶功能性状最主要的驱动力。研究结果对干旱区内陆河湿地的保护、生态恢复及管理具有重要的指导意义。     

我国农药市场2010年概况及2011年展望

2010年我国的粮食生产是在气候条件十分不利的情况下展开的.上半年西南地区出现百年不遇的春旱,北方地区持续低温,进入夏季后部分地区先后出现了严重的洪涝灾害,对农业生产和粮食安全构成了极大威胁.据不完全统计,2010年全国主要农作物水稻、玉米、马铃薯等的重大病虫害累计防治达3.33亿hm2次以上.其中水稻重大病虫害发生1.00亿hm2次以上,累计防治约0.85亿hm2次.     

5种药剂对枸杞棉蚜室内毒力及田间防效

为了明确5种药剂对枸杞棉蚜的适宜施药剂量,开展了室内毒力测定和田间药效试验.结果 表明,1％甲维盐EC对枸杞棉蚜的毒力最高,50％噻虫嗪WG毒力最低,24 h LC50分别为2.44 mg/L和1875.69 mg/L.5种药剂毒力大小依次为甲维盐＞啶虫脒＞吡蚜酮＞呋虫胺＞噻虫嗪.田间试验结果表明,随着施药时间的延长,...     

半湿润区斑地锦入侵后马铃薯的光合响应

试验以无斑地锦入侵条件为对照,研究半湿润区斑地锦入侵对马铃薯叶片光合色素含量、PSⅡ荧光特性和吸收光能分配的影响.结果表明,斑地锦入侵后,马铃薯叶片5-氨基乙酰丙酸、叶绿素a、叶绿素b、类胡萝卜素、PSⅡ原初光能转化效率Fv/Fm、PSⅡ有效光化学量子产率Fv’/Fm’、光化学量子效率ΦPSⅡ、表观光合电子传递速率ET...     

何首乌中二苯乙烯苷的超声提取工艺研究

何首乌中的二苯乙烯苷成分具有明显的抗衰老、降低胆固醇和保肝作用。利用超声波技术提取制首乌中的二苯乙烯苷,可提高二苯乙烯苷成分的提取效率。通过单因素和正交试验,探讨工艺条件对超声提取二苯乙烯苷的影响。结果表明,超声波提取二苯乙烯苷的较佳工艺条件为:制首乌粉末粒度80目、提取溶剂为体积分数90%的乙醇、料液比为(质量∶体积)1∶60、提取时间为7min。     

Ameliorative Effects of Oyster Protein Hydrolysates on Cadmium-Induced Hepatic Injury in Mice

Cadmium (Cd) is a widespread environmental toxicant that can cause severe hepatic injury. Oyster protein hydrolysates (OPs) have potential effects on preventing liver disease. In this study, thirty mice were randomly divided into five groups: the control, Cd, Cd + ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA, 100 mg/kg), and low/high dose of OPs-treatment groups (100 mg/kg or 300 mg/kg). After continuous administration for 7 days, the ameliorative effect of OPs on Cd-induced acute hepatic injury in Cd-exposed mice was assessed. The results showed that OPs significantly improved the liver function profiles (serum ALT, AST, LDH, and ALP) in Cd-exposed mice. Histopathological analysis showed that OPs decreased apoptotic bodies, hemorrhage, lymphocyte accumulation, and inflammatory cell infiltration around central veins. OPs significantly retained the activities of SOD, CAT, and GSH-Px, and decreased the elevated hepatic MDA content in Cd-exposed mice. In addition, OPs exhibited a reductive effect on the inflammatory responses (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α) and inhibitory effects on the expression of inflammation-related proteins (MIP-2 and COX-2) and the ERK/NF-κB signaling pathway. OPs suppressed the development of hepatocyte apoptosis (Bax, caspase-3, and Blc-2) and the activation of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in Cd-exposed mice. In conclusion, OPs ameliorated the Cd-induced hepatic injury by inhibiting oxidative damage and inflammatory responses, as well as the development of hepatocyte apoptosis via regulating the ERK/NF-κB and PI3K/AKT-related signaling pathways.