七星瓢虫不同虫态对杀虫剂反应的研究初报

室内条件下对七星瓢虫(Coccinella septempunctata)卵、幼虫、蛹和成虫的触杀毒力测定结果表明,不同发育阶段的七星瓢虫对抗蚜威、伏杀磷和久效磷的反应一致;与对照药剂久效磷相比:①抗蚜威、伏杀磷处理七星瓢虫卵120小时的相对毒力指数分别为0.0483和0.3187;②抗蚜威和伏杀磷对七星瓢虫四龄幼虫24小时的相对毒力指数分别为0.1088和0.4056;③抗蚜威和伏杀磷处理蛹216小时的相对毒力指教分别为0.0540和0.5990;④抗蚜威和伏杀磷对瓢虫成虫24小时的相对毒力指数分别为0.1406和0.0623。可见,与常规使用的杀虫剂久效磷相比,抗蚜威和伏杀磷对七星瓢虫的各种虫态均具有高度选择性。     

贵州锰矿废渣堆场重金属污染风险评价及草本植物重金属吸收特征

为明确锰矿废渣堆场重金属污染及优势草本植物重金属吸收特征,对贵州省典型锰矿废渣堆场的重金属污染风险进行了评价,并调查研究了锰矿废渣堆场草本植物的类群及重金属吸收特征.共采集优势草本植物18种,隶属11科18属,菊科和禾本科为优势科.对18种草本植物体地上部、地下部及其生长基质中Cr、Ni、Cu、Zn、Cd、Pb和Mn ...     

多黏类芽胞杆菌Paenibacillus polymyxa菌株P1防治黄瓜霜霉病的研究

通过离体叶片筛选法,得到1株对黄瓜霜霉病原菌有较强抑制作用的多黏类芽胞杆菌Paenibacillus polymyxa菌株P1。通过液体发酵和剂型处理,将P1制成含量2×10⁹ cfu/mL的悬浮剂分别进行室内和大田药效测试。室内药效试验结果表明,P1-SC悬浮剂对黄瓜霜霉病的防治效果与用药浓度呈正相关。当使用浓度为1.25×10⁷ cfu/mL时,P1悬浮剂对霜霉病的防治效果与化学农药250 g/L嘧菌酯SC的相似;当使用浓度为5.0×10⁷ cfu/mL时,防治效果显著大于嘧菌酯(P≤0.05)。2017年和2018年连续两年大田药效测试结果显示,经P1-SC处理(3000 mL/hm²)的黄瓜植株霜霉病病情指数(2.53,2.48)显著低于经250 g/L嘧菌酯SC(600 mL/hm²)处理的植株(4.33、6.22),防治效果(86.16%,89.90%)显著高于后者(76.34%、74.95%)(P≤0.05)。     

不同颜色色板对脐橙果园昆虫的诱集效果

以脐橙果园内昆虫为调查对象,于2014年12月至2015年11月使用紫色、灰色、粉色、蓝色、青色、绿色、黄色、红色、白色和黑色等10种不同颜色的色板对脐橙果园内的昆虫进行诱集,研究了脐橙果园内昆虫群落的组成以及昆虫对不同颜色的趋向性。结果表明:10种颜色色板在脐橙果园内诱集的昆虫有10目48科54种,其中双翅目昆虫诱集数量最多,达到诱虫总数的94.81%;不同颜色色板对脐橙果园昆虫的诱集效果不同,黄色色板诱集的昆虫数量最多,其次是青色和绿色的色板,即波长450~597nm诱虫效果好;粉虱类昆虫更趋向于黄板,而实蝇类昆虫则趋向于青板和绿板;不同月份色板诱集的昆虫个体数存在明显差异。     

Physiological Changes and Cold Tolerance of Three Camphor Species During Natural Winter Temperature Fluctuations

The dynamic changes in the malondialdehyde（MDA）, superoxide dismutase（SOD）, soluble sugar, proline, and soluble protein contents, as well as the relative electrolyte conductivity and the corresponding cold resistance, of Cinnamomum bodinieri Level., C. camphora L., and C. caudiferum Kisterm were investigated during the winter months of October 2009 to April 2010. During the short period of temperature decline that lasted until mid-December, the changes in the relative electrolyte conductivity and MDA content with temperature were insignificant. In January, SOD activity continued to increase and then peaked as a result of rapid increases in soluble sugar, proline, soluble protein, as well as the inhibition of the relative electrolyte conductivity and decrease in MDA content. These physiological changes protected the camphor trees from cold damage during winter. From February to March, SOD activity and the soluble protein and proline contents increased with the increase in temperature. However, the relative electrolyte conductivity and MDA content decreased, indicating that the cell membrane damaged by low temperature was gradually being repaired. The cold dip in April led to slight increases in the relative electrolyte conductivity and MDA content. Using a fuzzy mathematics method, the cold resistance adaptability of the camphor trees was divided into three periods namely, the enhancement setting stage, the vigorous stage, and the reducing stage. The cold tolerance abilities were ranked as the following order： C. bodinieri Level〉C. camphora L.〉C. caudiferum Kisterm.     

类胡萝卜素与草坪草耐荫性的研究进展

综述了近年来国内外在类胡萝卜素与草坪草耐荫性研究的进展,阐述了类胡萝卜素的分子结构及分类、生理功能、遗传基因、提取的方法和目前国内外研究草坪草耐荫的进展,探讨了将类胡萝卜素中色素的比值作为一种新的指标的可行性,并对该领域存在的问题和今后的发展趋势作了分析,以期为草坪草耐荫性研究提供参考。     

灰飞虱传播水稻条纹病毒的研究综述

灰飞虱在水稻上传播水稻条纹病毒(RSV)造成水稻条纹叶枯病,严重影响水稻生产.笔者对灰飞虱传播水稻条纹病毒的途径与特性、影响传毒的生态因子以及可能的传毒机制等方面的研究进行了汇总,以期加深对水稻条纹叶枯病发生、流行的内在原因的认识,并为该病害的宏观控制提供理论参考.     

Alteration of serum interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α after ischemic stimulation of coronary artery in PTCA

AIM: Inflammatory responses play an important role in the post- percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) restenosis and has been demonstrated occuring immediately after PTCA. Interleukin-6(IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) are the main inflammatory cytokines. We try to compare the changes in interleukin-6(IL-6) and TNF-α after PTCA in the patients with and without collateral circulation to probe into the pathogenesis of early inflammatory response. METHODS: The extent of myocardial ischemia induced by balloon inflation was quantified by a scoring system referring to the Leaman coronary score. The IL-6、TNF-α levels of coronary heart disease group and control group before and after PTCA are calculated. RESULTS: The concentrations of IL-6 and TNF-α were (9.592±1.847) ng/L and (26.959±1.967) ng/L, respectively, and were significantly increased 4 hours after PTCA. CONCLUSION: IL-6 and TNF-α are sensitive indicators of the early inflammatory response after PTCA. Ischemia scores reflected the extent of ischemia reperfusion injury during PTCA. Collateral circulation decreased the early inflammatory response after PTCA.     

盐碱胁迫对红车轴草种子萌发的影响

以红车轴草种子为试材,利用不同浓度的NaCl溶液、NaHCO_3溶液、NaCl和NaHCO_3(1∶1)混合溶液在培养皿中模拟3种盐碱环境,观察红车轴草种子的萌发状况,以期明确红车轴草的耐盐碱能力。结果表明:红车轴草种子发芽率、发芽势、相对发芽率、发芽指数、活力指数、苗鲜重和胚根长等指标,表现出随NaCl、NaHCO_3、NaCl和NaHCO_3混合溶液(1∶1)浓度的增加,总体呈下降趋势。苗鲜重和胚根长,呈现显著的负相关关系,相对盐害率与溶液浓度呈现正相关关系。NaCl胁迫下红车轴草种子萌发的耐盐浓度8.091‰,半数抑制浓度10.146‰,极限浓度12.200‰;NaHCO_3胁迫下红车轴草萌发的耐盐浓度5.483‰,半数抑制浓度7.434‰,极限浓度9.386‰;NaCl与NaHCO_3(1∶1)混合溶液胁迫下红车轴草萌发的耐盐浓度6.081‰,半数抑制浓度7.253‰,极限浓度8.425‰。蒸馏水复萌试验表明,经3种盐碱胁迫后红车轴草种子均有不同程度的复萌。综上所述,红车轴草种子具有一定的抗耐盐碱能力。     

重庆四面山不同林地类型优先流特征及染色形态定量评价

以重庆四面山阔叶林、针叶林、灌木林和草地为研究对象,基于碘−淀粉染色示踪试验,借助Adobe Photoshop、IPWIN等图像处理技术和数据处理方法,对土壤优先流特征及其染色形态进行定量评价。结果表明：阔叶林地、针叶林地、灌木林和草地土壤优先流分别在5～25、10～30、10～25 cm和5～20 cm发育明显,各林地垂直剖面总体上均随土层深度增加染色面积比下降。阔叶林和针叶林土壤表层0～10 cm下降迅速,灌木林随土壤深度增加呈现先下降后基本不变再下降的趋势。阔叶林和针叶林总染色面积比高于灌木林和草地,阔叶林的优先流比和优先流长度指数也分别高于针叶林、灌木林和草地。