基于转录组测序解析干旱胁迫对祁连山黄参基因表达的调控

以栽培2个月的黄参为试材,设置对照（土壤相对含水量70%~80%）和适度干旱胁迫（土壤相对含水量55%~60%）处理,利用高通量转录组测序BGISEQ-500平台,对测序结果进行基因功能注释、差异表达基因(DEGs, differentially expressed genes)筛选。结果表明：(1)获得的68193条Unigene中,分别有34230(50.20%)、34170(50.11%）、31727(46.53%)、27701(40.62%)、27092(39.73%)和22793(33.42%)个Unigene分别被分配到NCBI非冗余蛋白(NR)、eggNOG(基因的进化谱系, Evolutionary genealogy of genes: Non\|supervised Orthologous Groups)、基因本体(Gene ontology,GO)、Pfam (Protein family)、SwissProt (Reviewed protein sequence database)和KEGG (Kyoto encyelopedia of genes and genomes)六大功能数据库。(2)DEGs分析显示,黄参块状根和叶中分别有10674个和13402个DEGs;GO富集结果表明,根和叶中的DEGs功能部位中的分布基本一致,主要富集在生物过程、DNA的复制和翻译调控、氧化还原过程、蛋白质磷酸化、防御响应等;KEGG富集分析表明,根中DEGs显著富集在苯丙烷类生物合成、半乳糖代谢、半胱氨酸和甲硫氨酸代谢、淀粉和蔗糖代谢、植物-病原菌相互作用、植物激素信号转导等途径,叶中DEGs则主要富集在半乳糖代谢、淀粉和蔗糖代谢、苯丙烷类生物合成、戊糖、葡萄糖醛酸转换、植物激素信号转导等途径,说明淀粉和蔗糖代谢、半乳糖代谢、苯丙烷类生物合成途径、植物激素信号转导途径在黄参应对干旱胁迫中起重要作用。干旱胁迫影响黄参不同器官中差异基因的表达,为解析黄参耐受干旱的生物学途径、黄参药效成分的生物合成和分子机制提供了理论依据。     

基于SSR标记的广东含笑等11个含笑属物种亲缘关系研究

[目的]含笑属植物是我国南方地区重要的园林绿化和用材树种,但目前种间的遗传关系尚不明确,以开发高效的基因分型手段进行各物种亲缘关系研究,可为含笑属的保护和开发利用提供理论和技术支撑.[方法]以广东含笑等11个物种为研究材料,筛选高多态性SSR引物,利用基于M13序列的荧光标记方法获取基因分型数据,计算遗传多样性参数,并...     

光照强度对烤烟化学成分及物理特性的影响

对不同光照强度下烤后烟的矿质元素、主要化学成分、物理特性进行了分析。结果表明:氮、钾、钙、氯、铜、淀粉、还原糖含量,钾/氯,单叶重,叶质重,叶片厚度受光照强度影响较大;铁、锌、总糖含量,含梗率受光照强度影响次之;而磷、镁、平衡含水率受光照强度影响不显著;≥80%全光照适合优质烟叶的生产。     

Microbial remediation of a pentachloronitrobenzene-contaminated soil under Panax notoginseng: A field experiment

Pentachloronitrobenzene (PCNB) is an organochlorine fungicide that is mainly used in the prevention and control of diseases in crop seedlings. Microbial removal is used as a promising method for in-situ removal of many organic pesticides and pesticide residues. A short-term field experiment (1 year) was conducted to explore the potential role of a PCNB-degrading bacterial isolate, Cupriavidus sp. YNS-85, in the remediation of a PCNB-contaminated soil on which Panax notoginseng was grown. The following three treatments were used:i) control soil amended with wheat bran but without YNS-85, ii) soil with 0.15 kg m^-2 of solid bacterial inoculum (A), and iii) soil with 0.30 kg m^-2 of solid bacterial inoculum (B). The removal of soil PCNB during the microbial remediation was monitored using gas chromatography. Soil catalase and fluorescein diacetate (FDA) esterase activities were determined using spectrophotometry. In addition, cultivable bacteria, fungi, and actinomycetes were counted by plating serial dilutions, and the microbial biodiversity of the soil was analyzed using BIOLOG. After 1 year of in-situ remediation, the soil PCNB concentrations decreased significantly by 50.3% and 74.2% in treatments A and B, respectively, when compared with the uninoculated control. The soil catalase activity decreased in the presence of the bacterial isolate, the FDA esterase activity decreased in treatment A, but increased in treatment B. No significant changes in plant biomass, diversity of the soil microbial community, or physicochemical properties of the soil were observed between the control and inoculated groups (P<0.05). The results indicate that Cupriavidus sp. YNS-85 is a potential candidate for the remediation of PCNB-contaminated soils under P. notoginseng.     

滇东岩溶山地不同类型云南松林地土壤团聚体稳定性差异

[目的]研究滇东岩溶山地不同类型云南松林地土壤团聚体稳定性差异,为岩溶脆弱生境土壤培肥、质量提升、水土固持提供依据。[方法]通过野外调查和室内分析,研究了滇东岩溶山地云南松纯林、云南松人工混交林、云南松天然混交林、灌丛和原生林5种植被类型水稳性团聚体及团聚体有机碳分布特征,揭示不同类型云南松林团聚体稳定性差异。[结果]①云南松纯林、人工混交林和天然混交林的0.25 mm粒径质量分数(5.77%～9.39%)显著低于灌丛(20.92%)和原生林(27.47%)(p0.05),且人工混交林和天然混交林5 mm,2～5 mm粒径质量分数高于纯林。②湿筛处理的0.25 mm水稳性团聚体比例(R_(0.25))排序为:人工混交林天然混交林纯林灌丛原生林;平均重量直径(MWD)排序为:人工混交林天然混交林原生林灌丛纯林;几何平均直径(GMD)排序为:人工混交林天然混交林原生林纯林灌丛;分形维数(D)排序为:原生林灌丛纯林天然混交林人工混交林。③纯林、人工混交林、天然混交林的大粒级团聚体(0.25 mm)对土壤有机碳的贡献率高于小粒级团聚体(0.25 mm),且5,2～5,0. 25 mm粒径水稳性土壤团聚体有机碳含量均显著小于灌丛、原生林(p0.05)。[结论]云南松人工混交林的土壤团聚体稳定性最高,其养分积累和固碳能力低于灌丛和原生林,高于纯林,作为该区域水土保持的主要植被类型时需要避免人为干扰以提高土壤养分。     

小叶女贞叶提取物对脲酶的抑制作用

以小叶女贞叶的水提物对脲酶的抑制作用进行研究,目的在于开发一种低廉优质的植物性脲酶抑制剂,同时也是对废弃物的再利用。从小叶女贞的叶片中提取并分离了抑制脲酶的活性部分(LQE),收得率为5.92%。LQE对刀豆脲酶有较强的抑制作用,5 mgLQE与76.3 mg硼砂的抑制效果相当。LQE对脲酶的抑制作用随着温度的升高(4~60℃)而增强。pH5.5~9.0范围内,LQE有明显的抑制脲酶的活性,而且中性和碱性环境中LQE的抑制率高于酸性环境。加入β-巯基乙醇(2-Me)后,脲酶的活性恢复,说明LQE是通过与脲酶的-SH发生作用而导致脲酶的活性降低。LQE可以有效抑制不同土壤中脲酶的活性,延缓尿素的水解,并且其抑制程度随用量的增加而提高。小叶女贞广泛分布于中国,有耐修剪、生长快、低廉、环保等优越性能,因此可以利用其叶片提取物降低土壤脲酶的活性,提高尿素的利用率,减少环境污染。     

赣南地区生态建设30a来的综合效益评价

水土保持生态建设综合效益评价,对水土保持宏观决策具有重要意义。在分析总结已有水土保持综合治理效益评价指标与方法的基础上,结合赣南地区自然、经济、社会条件及治理特点,对赣州市30 a来的水土保持生态效益、经济效益和社会效益分别进行了评价。评价结果表明,赣州地区水土保持生态服务价值1980年为6.30亿元,1997年为25.98亿元,2007年为41.65亿元;1997,2002,2007年赣南国家水土保持重点治理工程的静态经济效益分别为17.11,35.27和45.16亿元;各阶段社会效益效果为中等或良以上。可见,赣南地区30 a来的水土保持综合治理取得了显著的生态、经济和社会效益。     

土壤总砷测定前处理方法探讨

采用加标回收方法比较研究了5种土壤总砷测定的前处理方法(分别为浓HNO3-浓H2SO4-HC1O4法、王水法、浓HNO3-浓H2SO4-V2O5法、浓HNO3-浓H2SO4-V2O5Ⅰ法和浓HNO3-浓H2SO4-V2O5Ⅱ法),结果表明,5种前处理方法的加标回收率在89.9%～102%之间,变异系数在0.56%～5.27%之间。其中,浓HNO3-浓H2SO4-V2O5Ⅰ法处理,土壤所用消解时间40min左右,其回收率较高,在98.5%～99.1%之间,变异系数较小,在0.56%～0.85%之间;该前处理方法具有消解时间最短、加标回收率和精密度高及重现性最好的特点,优于其他4种前处理方法,可作为推荐方法应用。     

Novel royal jelly proteins identified by gel-based and gel-free proteomics

Royal jelly (RJ) plays an important role in caste determination of the honeybee; the genetically same female egg develops into either a queen or worker bee depending on the time and amount of RJ fed to the larvae. RJ also has numerous health-promoting properties for humans. Gel-based and gel-free proteomics approaches and high-performance liquid chromatography-chip quadruple time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry were applied to comprehensively investigate the protein components of RJ. Overall, 37 and 22 nonredundant proteins were identified by one-dimensional gel electrophoresis and gel-free analysis, respectively, and 19 new proteins were found by these two proteomics approaches. Major royal jelly proteins (MRJPs) were identified as the principal protein components of RJ, and proteins related to carbohydrate metabolism such as glucose oxidase, α-glucosidase precursor, and glucose dehydrogenase were also successfully identified. Importantly, the 19 newly identified proteins were mainly classified into three functional categories: oxidation-reduction (ergic53 CG6822-PA isoform A isoform 1, Sec61 CG9539-PA, and ADP/ATP translocase), protein binding (regucalcin and translationally controlled tumor protein CG4800-PA isoform 1), and lipid transport (apolipophorin-III-like protein). These new findings not only significantly increase the RJ proteome coverage but also help to provide new knowledge of RJ for honeybee biology and potential use for human health promotion.     

土壤电动修复中电极切换对土壤微生物群落的影响

通过细菌计数和Biolog方法,研究了在3.0V·cm^-1的电压梯度下,不同电场切换周期（24h、5h、10min和1min）对土壤微生物群落的影响。结果表明,电压梯度为3.0V·cm^-1的电场作用能够促进土壤微生物的活性,但会轻微地降低土壤微生物功能多样性,电场切换不能改变这种电场对微生物群落的影响;长时间的电场处理下,电极反应对微生物数量和功能多样性损害严重,切换电场电极能有效消除电极效应,电场电极切换周期≤5h时,可保护电极附近土壤微生物多样性,当切换周期≤10min时,不仅可保护土壤微生物多样性,而且可以保护微生物数量。研究结果说明了电场电极切换能有效降低电极反应对微生物群落的影响,揭示了电场电极切换对土壤微生物群落影响的规律,为电场电极切换方法在污染土壤电动强化生物修复技术中的深化和应用提供理论依据。