不同形态微肥对玉米的增产效果研究

采用大田与盆栽相结合的方法，研究了不同形成微肥对玉米的增产作用。结果表明，氨基酸螯合多元微肥可延长玉米根系和叶片的功能期，提高玉米植株的干物重，使玉米产量提高１２．９％～１４．３％。其作用不仅优于微量元素和稀土，又优于氨基酸与微量元素形成的螯合微肥。     

文昌鸡线粒体控制区遗传多态性及系统进化分析

通过对文昌鸡线粒体基因纽(mitochondrial genome,mtDNA)D-loop区全序列的测序和比对,并结合GenBank已经测出D-loop区全序列的红色原鸡的序列,探讨了文昌鸡的遗传多样性和母系起源。结果发现,文昌鸡mtDNAD-loop区全长1231~1232bp,核苷酸多样性(Pi)为0.09757,单倍型多样性(Hd)为0.874。在30只个体中,共发现20处单核苷酸多态位点,10种单倍型。系统发育分析发现,10种单倍型可以分为B、C和E 3个分支。B分支与红色原鸡滇南亚种(Gallus gallus spadiceus)聚为一类,推测这两个分支可能起源于云南、缅甸附近地区的红色原鸡滇南亚种。E分支与红色原鸡(Gallusgallus murghi)聚为一类,推测可能起源于红色原鸡的印度亚种分支。C分支与4个原鸡亚种聚为一类,可能有多个母系起源。本研究从分子水平上为文昌鸡的遗传资源保护和开发利用提供了参考。     

珍稀植物南方红豆杉群落物种-多度关系

采用Weibull分布模型、对数正态分布模型、对数级数模型、分割线段模型、几何级数分布模型来拟合珍稀植物南方红豆杉群落物种-多度分布格局,并用卡方临界值检验模型的拟合效果。结果表明:Weibull分布、对数正态分布、对数级数分布可用于描述南方红豆杉群落乔木层种-多度分布格局;而Weibull分布和对数正态分布适合于灌木层种-多度关系的描述。     

Effects of puerarin on apelin-12, angiotensin II,NO and blood pressure in renovascular hypertensive rat

AIM: To investigate the effects of puerarin on blood pressure in renovascular hypertensive rats, and to measure puerarin-induced changes of apelin-12, angiotensin II (Ang II) and nitric oxide(NO), the factors related to development of hypertension. METHODS: Sixty-five male Sprague-Dawley rats were used, of which 8 rats were randomly selected as sham operation group, and the remaining were used to make two-kidney, one-clip model. The rats that met the criterion for Goldblatt hypertensive rat model were randomly allocated into 5 groups: high-, middle- and low-dose puerarin groups, captopril group, and model group. The drugs were administered for 6 weeks. Blood pressure was measured every 2 weeks. Six weeks after treatment, all rats were sacrificed under deep anesthesia. Blood and kidney samples were collected. The level of apelin-12 in serum and kidneys was detected by ELISA. The level of Ang II in plasma and kidneys was measured by radioimmunoassay. NO level in serum was examined by nitrate reductase assay. RESULTS: Puerarin had an antihypertensive effect in a dose-dependent manner. Marked decreases in the level of serum apelin-12 in high- and middle-dose puerarin groups were observed(P<0.01). Puerarin at low dose did not cause obvious change in the content of apelin but still reached significant level (P<0.05). As the dose of puerarin went up, the level of apelin-12 in the kidneys was gradually decreased. Puerarin at high and middle doses obviously reduced the level of AngII in plasma, while purarin at low dose did not produce any significant effects. Puerarin at high and middle doses markedly increased the level of NO in serum, but puerarin at low dose did not induce any significant changes. CONCLUSION: Puerarin has an antihypertensive effect, and its mechanism may be related to inducing the changes of apelin, Ang II and NO, and regulating the balance among those factors.     

花椰菜—黑芥体细胞杂交获得抗黑腐病异附加系新材料

 以花椰菜—黑芥体细胞杂种的自交及回交后代为材料,建立了结合抗病性人工接种鉴定,流式细胞仪DNA含量分析,B基因组特异分子标记和染色体原位杂交的大规模群体分析技术,在50份高代自交及回交材料中筛选获得了20份形态学特征偏向花椰菜,30份呈花椰菜—黑芥中间类型的材料。细胞DNA含量检测（FLC）及染色体计数结果表明,偏花椰菜的类型,DNA含量基本在2.24 pg · cell^-1以下,染色体数在28条以下。经连续3年黑腐病病菌人工接种鉴定,获得高抗株系12个,抗性株系17个,占全部受试材料的14%。对其中3个（PFCN29 BC3-3-5、PFCN16-1 S2BC3-107和PFCN14-1 S1BC4-123）形态偏花椰菜且高抗黑腐病的植株进行基因组原位杂交,结果显示其分别为花椰菜染色体组附加了2、7和8条黑芥染色体的异附加系材料。这些植株可以用于后续的研究和作为育种桥梁材料,进一步获得黑腐病抗性的单体附加系或渐渗系。本研究表明通过体细胞杂交转育野生优异抗性资源,创新甘蓝类蔬菜育种种质的可行性。     

Isolation and characterization of a novel tannase from a metagenomic library

A novel gene (designated as tan410) encoding tannase was isolated from a cotton field metagenomic library by functional screening. Sequence analysis revealed that tan410 encoded a protein of 521 amino acids. SDS-PAGE and gel filtration chromatography analysis of purified tannase suggested that Tan410 was a monomeric enzyme with a molecular mass of 55 kDa. The optimum temperature and pH of Tan410 were 30 °C and 6.4. The activity was enhanced by addition of Ca(2+), Mg(2+) and Cd(2+). In addition, Tan410 was stable in the presence of 4 M NaCl. Chlorogenic acid, rosmarinic acid, ethyl ferulate, tannic acid, epicatechin gallate and epigallocathchin gallate were efficiently hydrolyzed by recombinant tannase. All of these excellent properties make Tan410 an interesting enzyme for biotechnological application.     

Isolation and identification of the DNA aptamer target to acetamiprid

As an alternative to antibodies, aptamers have a great potential as analytical tools for pesticide detection. In this work, aptamers targeting acetamiprid were selected by a specific systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX) strategy, where a single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) library was immobilized and target modification was eliminated. After 18 rounds of repeated selection, the ssDNA pool was enriched and then 14 sequences were selected and carefully identified. At last, an acetamiprid-specific aptamer with the apparent dissociation constant (K(d)) estimated to be 4.98 μM was successfully obtained. Further work is ongoing to develop an aptamer-based detection method for field determination of this pesticides in agricultural products and environmental samples.     

Habitat and food choice of the critically endangered cao vit gibbon (Nomascus nasutus) in China: Implications for conservation

Knowledge of habitat and feeding ecology is essential for developing an effective conservation management plan for threatened primates. Despite having been rediscovered nearly a decade ago, very little is known of the critically endangered cao vit gibbon (Nomascus nasutus) or its habitat. We analysed forest cover, made direct observations and conducted interviews of local elders to better understand forest changes and to determine the forest characters and species important to the survival of the gibbon. Interviews indicated human-induced forest resource exploitation focused on species-specific and larger trees most easily accessed. Gibbon forest habitat comprised four primary forest types. The mean canopy height over the whole site was 10.52 m. Gibbons consumed 81, or nearly half of the tree and liana species recorded in the site; however, only 19 species provide 77.8% of the diet. Six of the 19 food species were logged for different reasons throughout the history of the site. We conclude that effective conservation management of primates with highly limited distributions, focused dietary needs, and in degraded ecosystems will require active forest restoration, such as planting important food species in degraded sites.     

精准施肥决策模型与数据库系统

以华北地区小麦及玉米为研究对象,以北京市昌平区崔村镇大辛峰村种植区为例,研究了精准施肥决策系统中施肥参数,并建立了相应的数学模型.将算法模型与数据库相结合,采用线性回归的方法,计算施肥时土壤对氮、磷、钾的需求量,利用二维插值的方法,建立了实验区中已知肥力样点与区域内未知肥力样点的相关关系,从而建立了土壤肥力查询数据库.通过以上方式,结合土壤的养分含量、作物种类及目标产量等相关参数来确定实验区域的施肥量.结果表明,该系统可实现施肥量的精确控制.