AMMI双标图在马铃薯区域试验产量分析中的应用

运用AMMI模型.结合双标图对2007年国家中晚熟西北组马铃薯品种区域试验各承试点的平均产量结果进行分析.试验结果表明,在参试品种中,L0031-17、青薯6号高产但不稳产,陇薯3号为高产稳产型,品种960102、中9931-48稳产但不高产,8025-1不稳产又不高产.AMMI模型具体、直观、有效的综合评价,为马铃薯品种提供了一种比较好的分析方法.     

马铃薯新品种青薯11号的选育

青薯11号是以同薯23号为母本,以青薯168为父本,通过有性杂交和系统选育育成的鲜食马铃薯新品种。中晚熟,出苗至收获107 d(天)左右;薯块椭圆形,粉红皮,薯肉黄色带红晕,芽眼浅;块茎淀粉含量17.96%,粗蛋白3.17%,VC240.3 mg·kg~(-1),还原糖0.279%。抗晚疫病。一般肥力条件下每667 m~2产量2 200~2 500 kg,高肥力条件下产量2 500~3 000kg。适宜在青海省各类地区种植。     

Genetic‐Quantitative Study of the First‐Service Pregnancy Probability of Murrah Heifers

Because of the importance of reproduction in stock breeding systems, it is necessary to find selection criteria that increase reproductive efficiency. The aim of this study was to estimate genetic parameters for the probability of conception on first service (PROB) in Murrah heifers, and its association with other traits of economic interest [age at first calving (AFC), service period, calving interval and milk yield at 270 days], with the purpose of evaluating their use as selection criteria. Reproductive information and first lactation records of 1200 Murrah heifers were used to perform two‐trait analyses between PROB and the other characteristics. Bayesian inference was used to estimate the variance components, considering PROB as threshold and the other as linear factors. The results demonstrate that this trait has heritability of 0.15, indicating the possibility of a genetic gain by using it for selection. With respect to the genetic correlation estimates, the only high‐magnitude association was with AFC (?0.899), which is the current criterion indicating sexual precocity of females. In the light of the parameters estimated, the first‐service pregnancy rate is an alternative for indication of sexual precocity, although presenting a smaller genetic gain than the current standard AFC. Nevertheless, additional research should be conducted regarding this trait to assess the economic importance of its use in dairy buffalo production systems.     

The 1882 tilefish kill — a cold event in shelf waters off the north-eastern United States?

A mass mortality of `warm-water' tilefish in the Middle Atlantic Bight between April and August of 1882 suggests an episode of extreme cold in the shelf waters off the north-eastern United States. This cooling is hypothesized to be a consequence of enhanced equatorwards transport of cold water in the Labrador Current, coincident with a minimum in the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) index during the early 1880s.
Although there is little direct evidence for this historical event, an analogue for the 1880s cooling is found in the 1960s, at the most recent NAO-index minimum. Post-1945 observations in the Middle Atlantic Bight / Gulf of Maine region reveal changes in winter baroclinic circulation between cool and warm decades, with greater equatorward penetration of south-westwards flow along the shelf-edge during the cool 1960s. Over the period 1934–77, the NAO is found to account for 17% of the interannual variance in Labrador Current transport around the Grand Banks.
Proxy evidence for the cold episode of the early 1880s is sought. Records of bottom temperature in the Middle Atlantic Bight region are reconstructed using stable oxygen isotopic analysis on the annual bands of shells of a bivalve mollusc ( Arctica islandica ) and an empirical model of covariability with local air temperature. The result is confirmation of the presence of anomalously cold water during the early 1880s.     

Measuring copepod abundance in deep‐water winter habitats in the NE Norwegian Sea: intercomparison of results from laser optical plankton counter and multinet

The main purpose of this study was to assess the usefulness of the laser optical plankton counter (LOPC) as a Calanus finmarchicus monitoring tool in the NE Norwegian Sea in winter. To test this, a multinet and an LOPC were used simultaneously to sample overwintering copepods in the Lofoten basin in January 2007. Additional data from an LOPC laboratory experiment were also analyzed to help the interpretation of the field data. Both the laboratory data and the field data indicated that the presence of particles other than zooplankton generally contaminated the zooplankton signal in the LOPC data. However, reliable abundance estimates could be made from the LOPC data by choosing an appropriate size range in the LOPC size distribution. This size range was determined by comparing LOPC abundance estimates from systematically varying size ranges to multinet zooplankton abundance data. The average difference was smallest for a size range of about 900–1500 μm. As C. finmarchicus, stages IV and V, was by far the most abundant species in the NE Norwegian Sea, abundance estimates from the LOPC in this size range were in practice estimates of C. finmarchicus abundance, making the LOPC suitable as a tool for providing high resolution winter data in the NE Norwegian Sea.     

不同浓度大豆卵磷脂替代蛋黄对东佛里生奶绵羊精液冷冻保存效果的影响

本试验皆在研究添加不同浓度大豆卵磷脂（SL）冷冻保存东佛里生奶绵羊精液的效果。我们在Tris基础稀释液中,添加18%蛋黄为对照组,添加0.5%、1%、1.5%、2%、2.5%SL设为试验组,检测冷冻精液解冻后的精子活率和顶体完整率。结果显示,添加0.5%、2.5% SL冷冻稀释液稀释的精液,解冻后精子活率和顶体完整率与其他组之间存在显著差异（P<0.05）;添加18%蛋黄和1%～2% SL冷冻稀释液稀释的精液,冷冻解冻后精子活率和顶体完整率之间无显著差异（P>0.05）;添加18%蛋黄和1.0%～1.5% SL冷冻稀释液稀释后的精液,进行人工授精后母羊的妊娠率与对照组无显著差异（P>0.05）。因此,大豆卵磷脂可以作为冷冻保护剂用于东佛里生奶绵羊精液的冷冻保存,其最佳添加浓度为1～2%（g／L）。     

铁基生物炭海绵与沉水植物协同净化水体中的氮磷

为探讨铁基生物炭海绵与沉水植物协同净化系统对农田退水中氮磷的去除效果,以苦草、伊乐藻、金鱼藻3种沉水植物和铁基生物炭海绵为材料,通过动态循环水模拟渠道的方式,研究不同净化系统对农田退水中总磷、总氮、氨氮的去除效果。结果表明：3种沉水植物均能在较高氮磷浓度农田退水中生长发育,株高及生物量有明显增长。在单一沉水植物净化系统中,金鱼藻对总磷的去除效率最高,达到29.85%,苦草对总氮的去除效率最高,为35.03%,金鱼藻对氨氮的去除效率最高,为83.09%。铁基生物炭与金鱼草协同净化系统对总磷和氨氮的去除效率最高,分别达到56.00%和91.86%,铁基生物炭与苦草协同净化系统对总氮的去除效率最高,为54.05%。研究表明,铁基生物炭海绵与沉水植物协同净化系统对氮磷的去除效果全面优于单一沉水植物净化系统。     

基于AMSR-2蒙古高原土壤水分反演及 对气象因子响应分析

土壤水分是地表水文过程研究的一个重要参数,是众多环境因子综合作用的结果,科学判定土壤水分对环境因子的响应特性,对在蒙古高原地区开展干旱监测预警,调整农业生产结构,改善区域生态环境具有重要意义。本研究基于AMSR-2观测亮温、SPOT-NDVI数据,利用微波辐射传输模型及粗糙地表发射率Qp模型,构建适合蒙古高原的土壤水分反演方程,同时将模型应用于2013年蒙古高原植被生长期土壤水分反演。在此基础上,结合TRMM 3B43降雨量及气象站点气温数据,探讨了蒙古高原土壤水分对气象因子及植被的响应特性。结果表明:1)构建的蒙古高原表层土壤水分反演模型精度较高,土壤水分反演值与实测值的判定系数为0.680 6,均方根误差(RMSE)达0.031 6 cm3·cm-3,反演结果明显优于JAXA提供的AMSR-2土壤水分产品数据(RMSE=0.044 1 cm3·cm-3)。2)TRMM 3B43降雨数据与实测降雨量线性拟合,其判定系数为0.859 8,直线拟合斜率K=0.941 5,在数值上较站点实测值略微偏低,表明TRMM 3B43数据精度较高,在蒙古高原具有很好的适用性。3)蒙古高原植被生长期土壤水分、植被指数及降水量在空间格局上均表现出由北向南、由东北向西南逐渐减少的趋势。干旱区,土壤水分对气温变化最敏感,二者表现出显著正相关关系,其次为降水和植被;半干旱区,植被是影响土壤水分的关键因子,而气温与降水对土壤水分影响呈现出季节性变化;半湿润区3个因子对土壤水分的影响程度表现为植被降水气温。总之,利用土壤水分对气象因子和植被的响应特性,可以采取适当措施降低蒙古高原灾害发生风险,为区域生态环境建设提供科学依据。     

漆酶基因异源表达及其酶活性的研究进展

近年来由于漆酶在生物漂白和农作物秸秆利用等方面具有广阔的应用前景,对漆酶的研究越来越受到国内外学者的重视。然而,自然界漆酶的产量和酶活较低,难以适应工业化生产需求。此外,漆酶的产酶效率低,成本高。实现漆酶的异源高效表达是解决这一问题的有效途径。目前,国内外已有多种来源的漆酶基因被成功克隆,并在不同的宿主细胞中实现异源表达,但迄今为止漆酶基因异源表达结果仍然不理想,离真正实现漆酶的高效表达还有一定距离。     

基于SPI指数的近50a内蒙古地区干旱特征分析

利用近50a逐月降水资料,以标准化降水指数(SPI)作为干旱指标,详细全面地分析了内蒙古东中西部年际干旱强度、干旱覆盖范围和干旱频率特征及其演变规律.结果表明:近50a来,内蒙古东部和中部总体干旱强度增加但不显著,西部总体干旱强度减弱但不显著.从干旱覆盖范围来看,西部呈略微减少趋势,中部增加但不显著,而东部呈显著增加趋势,且中部和西部以全域性干旱为主,东部以区域性干旱为主.从干旱频率上看,东中西部空间差异性明显.东部轻旱发生频率较高的地区包括海拉尔市东北部、兴安盟、通辽市西部以及赤峰市东部,中旱在大部分地区发生的频率都较高,重旱在海拉尔市局部地区发生的频率较高;中部地区锡林郭勒盟轻旱、中旱和重旱发生的频率都较高;西部大部分地区轻旱发生的频率较高.