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41.
Abstract – Pseudoplatystoma corruscans is distributed widely in the La Plata Basin in Brazil, where it is a very important species because of its high commercial value and ecological role as a voracious predator. This species undertakes long migrations during the dry and rainy seasons to feed and reproduce, respectively. In this study, we analysed seven microsatellite loci to test the hypotheses of the existence of a single panmictic population of P. corruscans in the La Plata Basin. All microsatellites analysed were highly polymorphic with the number of alleles per locus ranging from seven (Pcor28) to 30 (Pcor10). Across all samples, 107 alleles were detected. Thirty alleles were private, i.e., found in only one sample. Highly significant genetic differentiation was observed among samples in three of the four analyses performed: F ST (from 0.03435 to 0.16349, P < 0.05), Analysis of molecular variance (amova) F ST = 8.25% ( P < 0.0001) and amova R ST = 9.72% ( P < 0.0001). A microsatellite multilocus Bayesian assignment test with the programme structure confirmed the division of the fishes into six groups largely concurrent with main branches on a population neighbour-joining tree. The obtained results rejected the panmixia hypothesis. On the other hand, the documented long-distance movements of P. corruscans and the geographical scale of genetic differentiation found in this study indicate a strong tendency for fish of this species to utilise their natal nursery regions for reproduction, which represents the first demonstrated example of homing in a freshwater catfish in South America. 相似文献
42.
Schlemper SR Schlemper V da Silva D Cordeiro F Cruz AB Oliveira AE Cechinel-Filho V 《Fitoterapia》2001,72(1):73-75
The antibacterial effects of extracts obtained from Persea cordata stem bark, employed in Brazil to treat infectious diseases, were studied. The ethyl acetate fraction of the hydroalcoholic extract showed activity against pathogenic bacteria which may justify the popular use of the plant. 相似文献
43.
ent-Pimara-8(14),15-dien-19-oic acid (PA) isolated from Viguiera arenaria (Asteraceae; Heliantheae) inhibited rat carotid rings contraction induced by phenylephrine (10(-8) mol/l) or potassium chloride (45 mmol/l) at concentration ranging from 5 to 20 microg/ml. This inhibitory effect was not reversible after the removal of this compound from the medium bath. 相似文献
44.
Modelling cork oak production in Portugal 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The layout of 32 permanent plots in the most important cork production regions of Portugal and the measurement of the most
representative tree parameters were performed for statistically sound cork weight modelling. The establishment of cork weight
equations is presented for the different cork oak study areas considered alone or grouped according to the most representative
tree parameters. For the presented cork weight models was chosen independent variable the total stripping surface (artmax). For the selection criteria five statistic were used, including PRESS, APRESS and Mallows's statistic. The crossvalidation
of the best classified models was performed and to discuss the importance of the “study area” factor, a regression analysis
with “dummy” variables was performed. 相似文献
45.
46.
Sensitivity of fungi isolated from onychomycosis to Eugenia cariophyllata essential oil and eugenol 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Gayoso CW Lima EO Oliveira VT Pereira FO Souza EL Lima IO Navarro DF 《Fitoterapia》2005,76(2):247-249
The antifungal activity of Eugenia cariophyllata essential oil and eugenol, its major constituent, on fungal strains isolated from onychomycosis was evaluated. The natural products presented prominent antifungal action with MIC of 1% and 4%, respectively. 相似文献
47.
ent-kaurenoic acid (KA) isolated from Viguiera robusta was tested for activity on vascular smooth muscle contactility. Cumulative concentration-response curves were obtained for a stepwise increase (10(-10)-10(-05) mol/l) in the concentration of phenylephrine (Phe), a selective alpha(1)-adrenergic agonist. The effects in the presence of KA (0.2, 2.0 and 20.0 microg/ml), and 90 min after the removal of KA from the medium bath were compared to controls. At 20.0 microg/ml, KA inhibited the in vitro contractility of rat carotid artery elicited by Phe, but had no effect at lower concentrations (0.2 and 2.0 microg/ml). The effect elicited by KA was reversible after 90 minutes. 相似文献
48.
Agroforestry systems (AFS) have received much attention from policymakers and others for their perceived ability to contribute
significantly to economic growth, poverty alleviation, and environmental sustainability. Yet in many areas of the developing
world where AFS have proven their agronomic potential, they have yet to be widely adopted. This paper approaches the issue
with a focus on one such area – the western Brazilian Amazon, an area where economic integration within the region itself,
across national boundaries, and between the region and the rest of Brazil (’regional integration‘) may soon vastly shift incentives
to natural resource users. The paper addresses AFS adoption via a conceptual framework that argues for scrutinizing agronomic
and socioeconomic characteristics of AFS and their potential adopters. This framework facilitates a priori assessment of whether
specific AFS will be adopted, and if so, by whom and with what likely impact on the development objectives at hand. It highlights
characteristics that lend socioeconomic and agronomic ’agility‘ – connoting flexibility to easily shift production systems
and accompanying marketing strategies in response to unforeseen or rapid change (due to qualities of the AFS itself, or the
producer). Financial performance indicators (net present value of AFS during establishment and for the life of a project,
and years to positive cash flow) are presented for selected AFS, and juxtaposed to a livestock production system that is already
gaining wide adoption in the area. This juxtaposition illustrates the practical effects of socio-economic and agronomic characteristics
posited as influential. Against this backdrop, trends in ’regional integration' are discussed, along with implications this
integration process has for AFS adoption. The paper ends with a discussion of the roles and limitations of policy in promoting
AFS adoption.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
49.
ASSESSMENT OF RESPIRATION‐INDUCED DISPLACEMENT OF CANINE ABDOMINAL ORGANS IN DORSAL AND VENTRAL RECUMBENCY USING MULTISLICE COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY 下载免费PDF全文
Cintia R. Oliveira Margaret A. Henzler Rebecca A. Johnson Randi Drees 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》2015,56(2):133-143
Respiratory‐induced organ displacement during image acquisition can produce motion artifacts and variation in spatial localization of an organ in diagnostic computed tomography (CT) examinations. The purpose of this prospective study was to quantify respiratory‐induced abdominal organ displacement in dorsal and ventral recumbency using five normal dogs. All dogs underwent CT examinations using 64 multidetector row CT (64‐MDCT). A “3‐dimensional (3D) apneic CT exam” of the abdomen was acquired followed by a “4‐dimensional (4D) ventilated CT exam.” The liver, pancreas, both kidneys, both medial iliac lymph nodes, and urinary bladder were delineated on the 3D‐apneic examination and the organ outlines were compared to the maximum alteration in organ position in the 4D‐ventilated examination. Displacement was measured in dorsal‐to‐ventral (DV), right‐to‐left (RL), and cranial‐to‐caudal (CC) directions. Respiratory‐induced displacement of canine abdominal organs was not predictable and showed large variability in the three directions evaluated. For most canine abdominal organs, dorsal recumbency provided overall the least amount of displacement among all directions evaluated except for liver and urinary bladder. For liver, a large variability was found for all directions and a statistically significant difference was found only in the RL direction with ventral recumbency exhibiting less displacement (P = 0.0099). For the urinary bladder, ventral recumbency also provided less displacement but this was statistically significant only in the RL direction (P < 0.0001). Findings from this study indicated that dorsal recumbency may be preferred for minimizing respiratory motion artifacts in whole abdomen studies, but ventral recumbency may be preferred for liver and urinary bladder studies when respiration cannot be controlled. 相似文献
50.
Felipe Nogueira Soares Maria Emilia Franco Oliveira Luciana Cristina Padilha-Nakaghi Luís Guilherme de Oliveira Marcus Antônio Rossi Feliciano Felipe Brener Bezerra de Oliveira Pedro Paulo Maia Teixeira Wilter Ricardo Russiano Vicente Cristian Faturi Luiz Fernando de Souza Rodrigues 《Tropical animal health and production》2015,47(8):1465-1471