蜂蜜真实性问题的探讨

就蜂蜜中检出C-4植物糖、高果淀粉糖浆的原因分析,国家蜂蜜标准在控制蜂蜜真实性方面可能存在的缺陷,蜂蜜真实性鉴别的发展方向和建议进行讨论。     

四种猪血抗凝剂抗溶血效果比较及新复合型抗凝剂最佳使用条件研究

采用紫外分光光度计测定血浆液中血红蛋白的吸光值。比较添加不同抗凝剂血液保存时间,确定一种猪血新复合型抗凝剂及其最佳保存条件。试验结果表明,最佳使用条件为抗凝剂溶液浓度15%、抗凝剂添加比例4.5‰、保存温度8℃、保存时间不超过84h。     

不同覆盖及管理模式对北亚热带丘陵地区桃园土壤肥力的影响

通过对北亚热带丘陵地区桃园不同覆盖及管理模式的比较,探讨不同管理模式对土壤理化性质的影响。研究结果表明:全园种植三叶草可显著提高土壤水分、有机质、氮、磷、钾的含量,是该地区理想的桃园管理模式。     

野大麦耐盐性研究进展

野大麦是禾本科小麦族耐盐性最强的盐生植物之一,其耐盐机制的研究对提高作物的耐盐性具有重要意义。野大麦耐盐性的研究起步较晚,文章分别从耐盐生物学特性描述、耐盐性新品种选育、耐盐生理响应机制、筛选盐诱导差异表达的基因、克隆耐盐相关基因和编码蛋白、种属间遗传性几个方面对其耐盐性研究进行了综述,相关研究获得了很多有价值的结果,但其根本的耐盐生理机制和基因尚不清楚,仍待进一步研究。     

不同缓控释氮肥对高羊茅草坪生长及氮素挥发的影响

 通过田间试验,研究了氮释放期为３０和６０ｄ的树脂包膜尿素（ＰＣＵ３０、ＰＣＵ６０）,硫包衣尿素（ＳＣＵ）,抑制剂型缓释尿素（ＵＩ）和普通尿素（Ｕ）对高羊茅草坪生长、氮素吸收及氮素挥发的影响。结果表明,在全年施氮量２６０ｋｇ／ｈｍ^２ 的情况下,ＰＣＵ３０、ＰＣＵ６０和ＳＣＵ 一年分春秋２次施用可以满足高羊茅草坪正常生长需要,其草屑累积量和氮素吸收量显著高于普通尿素一年４ 次施用处理;氮素气态损失方面,ＵＩ处理的氨挥发损失氮量高达４４．４２ｋｇ／ｈｍ^２,显著高于其他施氮处理,其Ｎ_２Ｏ 排放氮量为６．４６ｋｇ／ｈｍ^２,显著低于其他施氮处理;ＰＣＵ３０、ＰＣＵ６０、ＳＣＵ 处理的氨挥发量和Ｎ_２Ｏ 排放氮量分别为１７．６７,１３．５９,１８．５４ｋｇ／ｈｍ^２ 和８．１４,６．９２ ,９．９１ｋｇ／ｈｍ^２,显著低于Ｕ处 理。综合考虑各种因素,建议高羊茅草坪一年分春秋２次施用树脂包膜尿素ＰＣＵ６０较为适宜,可有效提高肥料利用率、降低氮素挥发损失,环境效益明显。     

The stimulatory effect of TLRs ligands on maturation of chicken bone marrow-derived dendritic cells

Dendritic cells (DCs) are crucial for initiation of both innate and adaptive immune responses. TLR ligands combine with Toll-like receptors (TLRs) expressed on the DC surface and induce DC maturation. The potential effect of three types of TLR ligands (Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis) spores, polyinosinic–polycytidylic acid and CpG oligodeoxynucleotides) on chicken bone marrow-derived DCs (chBM-DCs) maturation was studied. The chBM-DCs cultured in presence of recombinant chicken granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and interleukin (IL)-4 displayed the typical morphology of DCs after 7 days of culture. These immature chBM-DCs up-regulated the expression of MHC-II and of the putative CD11c, but had yet low to moderate levels of the CD40 and CD86 co-stimulatory molecules. After stimulation by the TLR ligands, the chBM-DCs displayed a more mature morphologic phenotype, significantly increased the CD40 and CD86 cell surface expression levels and gained the ability to stimulate proliferation of naive T cells in the allogeneic mixed lymphocyte reaction, compared to the immature chBM-DCs. In conclusion, our data demonstrated that all three TLR ligands were strong stimuli for driving chBM-DCs maturation in vitro, with B. subtilis spores being the most efficient.     

Lactogenic hormones stimulate expression of lipogenic genes but not glucose transporters in bovine mammary gland

During the onset of lactation, there is a dramatic increase in the expression of glucose transporters (GLUT) and a group of enzymes involved in milk fat synthesis in the bovine mammary gland. The objective of this study was to investigate whether the lactogenic hormones mediate both of these increases. Bovine mammary explants were cultured for 48, 72, or 96 h with the following hormone treatments: no hormone (control), IGF-I, insulin (Ins), Ins + hydrocortisone + ovine prolactin (InsHPrl), or Ins + hydrocortisone + prolactin + 17β-estradiol (InsHPrlE). The relative expression of β-casein, α-lactalbumin, sterol regulatory element binding factor 1 (SREBF1), fatty acid synthase (FASN), acetyl-CoA carboxylase α (ACACA), stearyol-CoA desaturase (SCD), GLUT1, GLUT8, and GLUT12 were measured by real-time PCR. Exposure to the lactogenic hormone combinations InsHPrl and InsHPrlE for 96 h stimulated expression of β-casein and α-lactalbumin mRNA by several hundred-fold and also increased the expression of SREBF1, FASN, ACACA, and SCD genes in mammary explants (P < 0.01). However, those hormone combinations had no effect on GLUT1 or GLUT8 expression and inhibited GLUT12 expression by 50% after 72 h of treatment (P < 0.05). In separate experiments, the expression of GLUTs in the mouse mammary epithelial cell line HC11 or in bovine primary mammary epithelial cells was not increased by lactogenic hormone treatments. Moreover, treatment of dairy cows with bovine prolactin had no effect on GLUT expression in the mammary gland. In conclusion, lactogenic hormones clearly stimulate expression of milk protein and lipogenic genes, but they do not appear to mediate the marked up-regulation of GLUT expression in the mammary gland during the onset of lactation.     

L-苹果酸对湘云鲫生长性能、体组成、消化和抗氧化能力的影响

本试验旨在研究L-苹果酸对湘云鲫生长性能、体组成、消化和抗氧化能力的影响。选取均重为(16.25±0.03)g的湘云鲫450尾,随机分为6组(每组3个重复,每个重复25尾),分别饲喂在基础饲料中添加0(对照组)、1、2、4、8和16 g/kg L-苹果酸的试验饲料,试验期90 d。结果表明:饲料中添加L-苹果酸可显著降低饲料pH和系酸力(P<0.05)。饲料中添加L-苹果酸可提高湘云鲫的摄食量和增重率,降低饲料系数,并在添加水平为4 g/kg时达到最佳生长性能。饲料中L-苹果酸添加水平为0~8 g/kg时,全鱼水分含量逐渐下降,粗蛋白质、粗脂肪和粗灰分含量逐渐增加,且4和8 g/kg组均与对照组差异显著(P<0.05)。饲料蛋白质沉积率在4 g/kg组达到最高,脂肪和灰分沉积率则在8 g/kg组最高,并均与对照组差异显著(P<0.05)。肠道淀粉酶活性在4 g/kg组达到最高,脂肪酶、胰蛋白酶和Na+/K+-ATP酶活性均在8 g/kg组达到最高,并均与对照组差异显著(P<0.05)。饲料中添加L-苹果酸可提高肝脏超氧化物歧化酶和苹果酸脱氢酶活性,降低丙二醛含量,且上述指标均在4 g/kg组达到最佳值,并与对照组差异显著(P<0.05)。由此得出,饲料中适量添加L-苹果酸可促进湘云鲫的生长,降低饲料系数,增加鱼体营养物质沉积,提高消化和抗氧化能力;L-苹果酸在湘云鲫饲料中的适宜添加量为4~8 g/kg。     

体细胞胚胎发生杂种马褂木造林密度试验

在福建省将乐国有林场,通过连续3a对引自南京林业大学培育的体细胞胚胎发生杂种马褂木密度试验幼林进行观测研究.结果表明体细胞胚胎发生杂种马褂木适生性强,3a生林分保存率达到99%以上.林分生长良好,3a生时平均树高、胸径分别为2.26 m和2.3 cm,具有良好的推广应用前景.不同造林密度对体细胞胚胎发生杂种马褂木幼林生长总体而言有着显著影响,这种影响在林分2a生后开始得以体现,3a生时影响达到极显著水平.     

转胡杨PeDREB2b 基因白三叶表型变异及抗旱性评价

选取W1-2、W1-3、W4-2、W13-4、W17-1、W28-2、W33-3这7个转胡杨(Populus euphratica)PeDREB2b基因白三叶(Trifolium repens)株系为试材,以非转基因白三叶海发为对照,测定了植株的形态特征和永久萎蔫率,以及在不同时间、不同浓度PEG模拟干旱胁迫下的叶片相对含水量、相对电导率和丙二醛含量的变化,旨在评价转基因白三叶株系的抗旱能力。结果表明:1)部分转基因白三叶株系的叶形、叶色、叶片斑纹及叶片大小发生了较明显的变化;2)转基因株系W1-3、W28-2永久萎蔫率明显低于对照,且能维持较长时间的正常生长,表现出一定的抗旱性;3)随着模拟干旱胁迫程度的增加及时间的延长,参试材料的叶片相对含水量呈不同程度下降的趋势,叶片相对电导率、丙二醛含量均有不同程度升高。但转基因株系W1-3、W28-2的叶片相对含水量始终保持较高水平,未出现较大波动,且株系W1-3的相对电导率、丙二醛含量始终保持较低水平,变化较小。综合分析表明,7个转基因白三叶株系的抗旱性强弱依次为W1-3W33-3W28-2W1-2W13-4W17-1W4-2,均优于对照白三叶海发品种。