河南省农用地集约利用与农民收入增长关系动态计量经济分析

农用地集约利用水平关系到区域粮食安全,与促进经济发展方式转变息息相关,对农用地集约利用水平进行测度并对农用地集约利用与农民收入水平进行动态研究,可以为区域土地可持续发展提供重要参考。本研究利用河南省1978—2012年的相关数据,通过构建适合河南省农用地集约利用评价的指标体系,借助BP神经网络对河南省农用地集约利用水平进行综合测度,并在此基础上采用计量经济分析考察农用地集约利用与农民收入之间的动态联系。研究表明:1978—2012年间,河南省农用地集约利用水平整体呈现上升趋势。农民收入水平与农用地集约利用指数互为Granger因果关系,农用地集约利用指数每提高1个单位,会引起农民收入提高0.628 7个单位。脉冲响应函数和方差分解结果显示,农用地集约利用水平的提高将促进农民收入的增长,且对农民收入变化的解释能力随着时间推移逐渐增强。     

CmRT1, a Ty3-gypsy-like retrotransposon in Castanea mollissima,is associated with a short-catkin mutation

Summary

Retrotransposons are major components of the genomes of most eukaryotic organisms and have resulted in the introduction of desirable traits in many crops, including fruit trees. Here, we describe a Ty3-gypsy-like retrotransposon associated with a short-catkin mutant in Chinese chestnut (Castanea mollissima), resulting in catkins that are < 20% the length of normal staminate catkins. A partial sequence of the retrotransposon, named CmRT1, detected by amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analysis, and its complete sequence were determined from the genome of Chinese chestnut (Castanea mollissima) using improved Tail-PCR. CmRT1 was 10,067 bp in length and shared high homology in its predicted amino acid sequence and motifs with other Ty3/gypsy-like retrotransposons. The 5’ long terminal repeat (LTR) of CmRT1 contained a TATA box and several cis-elements that were predicted to be important for processes involving abscisic acid, gibberellic acid, and auxins and in stress-mediated responses. Further characterisation of the transposition event that led to the short-catkin phenotype was performed using two pairs of primers that aligned with the flanking region of the LTRs. The expected PCR bands were observed only in genomic DNA from plants that showed the mutation. Finally, cloning and real-time qPCR analysis of an NADP-dependent alkenal double-bond reductase (CmADBR) target gene that was adjacent to CmRT1, revealed that CmADBR expression was significantly down-regulated in the short-catkin mutant. Taken together, these results suggest that the CmRT1 retrotransposon is responsible for the short-catkin phenotype.     

烯效唑干拌种对小麦分蘖期间内源激素及糖氮比的影响

为了探明烯效唑干拌种对小麦分蘖期间内源激素及糖氮比的影响,本试验以小麦品种绵阳26为材料,采用间接酶联免疫吸附法和作物生理研究方法对其进行了研究。结果表明：烯效唑处理提高了分蘖节内ZT含量和ZT/IAA、ZT/ABA、IAA/ABA、GA/ABA比值,降低了ABA含量;在分蘖前期降低了IAA和GA含量,分蘖进入两极分化阶段IAA和GA含量升     

Effects of dietary lysozyme levels on growth performance,intestinal morphology,non‐specific immunity and mRNA expression in weanling piglets

The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of dietary lysozyme levels on growth performance, gut health and non‐specific immunity of weanling piglets. A total of 150 weanling piglets were allocated to six treatments. The piglets were fed the same basel diet supplemented with 0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 mg/kg lysozyme as well as antibiotics for 28 days. From day 14 to day 28 of dietary treatment, piglets fed 90 mg/kg lysozyme had greater average daily gain than piglets fed control diet. During the whole experimental period, piglets fed 120 mg/kg lysozyme tended to have greater average daily gain than piglets fed control diet. Compared with piglets fed control diet, piglets fed diets containing antibiotics and 90 mg/kg lysozyme had greater villus height to crypt depth ratio in duodenum and jejunum. Additionally, dietary supplementation of 60 and 90 mg/kg lysozyme as well as antibiotics enhanced the phagocytic activity of peritoneal macrophages in piglets. In conclusion, dietary lysozyme can accelerate the growth of weanling piglets by improving gut health and non‐specific immunity and supplementing 90 mg/kg lysozyme is as effective as antibiotics (20 mg/kg colistin sulphate + 50 mg/kg kitasamycin) in improving the growth performance of weanling piglets.     

冬季绿肥对江西猕猴桃园土壤养分和果实品质的影响

为探讨不同绿肥对猕猴桃园土壤养分、产量和果实品质的影响,在江西猕猴桃园间作冬季绿肥,设置自然生草(CK)、箭筈豌豆(VS)、肥田萝卜(RS)、油菜(BN)、毛叶苕子(VV)和黑麦草(LP)6个处理,盛花期前测产并翻压,连续两年测定果实成熟期各处理土壤养分,翻压次年测定猕猴桃产量和果实品质。结果表明:(1)各绿肥处理均可显著提高土壤养分和pH,随时间推移呈下降趋势,0～20 cm土层土壤以LP、VS、VV培肥效果较全面,20～40 cm土层土壤以BN、VV、VS培肥效果较好;(2)各绿肥处理可显著提高果实单果重6.65%～10.75%,降低果实可滴定酸含量5.94%～18.81%,VS、VV果实可溶性固形物和抗坏血酸含量最高,分别为16.67%、16.23%和181.55、176.99 mg/g,较CK分别提高了24.40%、21.12%和13.77%、10.91%,果实干物质、可溶性糖含量以VS(19.31%、17.75%)和LP(19.01%、14.90%)最高,较CK分别提高了26.62%、66.04%和24.66%、39.38%;(3)综合各绿肥处理对土壤养分、产量和果实品质等方面的因素,江西‘红阳’猕猴桃园间作并翻压以VS最佳,VV和LP次之,且二者效果相当。     

两种三熟套作体系中的氮素转移及吸收利用

 【目的】探讨“小麦/玉米/大豆”(以下简称麦/玉/豆)和“小麦/玉米/甘薯”(以下简称麦/玉/薯)两种三熟套作体系的氮素种间竞争促进作用和高效吸收利用特性。【方法】采用根系分隔盆栽试验和15N土壤稀释标记法,研究两种三熟套作体系的氮素转移及吸收利用情况。【结果】不分隔与分隔相比,两种体系中小麦的15N总吸收量和15N作物回收率提高,土壤残留15N%丰度及总N含量降低。“麦/玉/豆”中玉米的15N总吸收量、籽粒15N吸收量、15N作物回收率、土壤残留15N%丰度及总N含量提高17.62%、24.52%、17.63%、13.9%和10.1%,“麦/玉/薯”则降低50.19%、42.58%、33.42%、29.6%和5.2%;降低了大豆的15N总吸收量、籽粒15N吸收量和15N作物回收率,但土壤总N含量提高6.06%;提高了甘薯的15N总吸收量和15N作物回收率,但土壤残留15N%丰度和总N含量降低0.9%和4.95%。【结论】两种体系均存在氮素种间竞争促进作用和氮素转移,“麦/玉/豆”较“麦/玉/薯”更有利于肥料氮的吸收、土壤肥力的保持和周年作物的可持续生产。     

禽白血病病毒和鸡传染性贫血病毒二重荧光LAMP检测方法的建立及应用

【目的】建立同时鉴别ALV和CIAV的二重荧光环介导等温扩增（LAMP）检测方法,为临床上快速诊断及有效防控ALV和CIAV的单一或混合感染提供技术支持。【方法】参考ALV （A亚群、B亚群、C亚群、D亚群和J亚群）的pol基因和CIAV的VP2基因保守序列,设计2套用于LAMP的特异性引物,并在ALV和CIAV的F1c和B1c覆盖区域分别设计双标记探针[ALV-Probe （5'端标记FAM荧光基团,3'端标记BHQ3淬灭基团）和CIAV-Probe （5'端标记CY5荧光基团,3'端标记BHQ3淬灭基团）]。在Loopamp LA-320C实时浊度仪中反应结束后,将反应管置于多色荧光系统内进行观察分析;并通过特异性试验、灵敏度试验及临床样品检测验证二重荧光LAMP检测方法的适用性和可靠性。【结果】优化后的二重荧光LAMP反应体系20.0μL:DNA/cDNA模板2.0μL,2×Reaction Mix 10.0μL,Bst DNA聚合酶0.8μL,内引物ALV-FIP、ALV-BIP、CIAV-FIP和CIAV-BIP （工作浓度40.0μmol/L）各0.8μL,外引物ALV-F3、ALV-B3、CIAV-F3和CIAV-B3（工作浓度5.0μmol/L）各0.4μL,ALV-Probe （工作浓度0.5μmol/L）0.4μL,CIAV-Probe （工作浓度0.5μmol/L）0.8μL,以ddH₂O补足至20.0μL。扩增程序:62℃反应60 min,80℃灭活5 min。建立的二重荧光LAMP检测方法能特异性同时检测ALV和CIAV,对其他禽类病原体无特异性扩增;检测CIAV和ALV单一模板的下限均为102拷贝/μL,检测混合模板时ALV的检测下限为102拷贝/μL、CIAV的检测下限为103拷贝/μL。应用建立的二重荧光LAMP检测方法对13份咽喉和泄殖腔棉拭子样品进行检测,其检测结果与常规PCR检测结果的吻合率达100%。【结论】建立的二重荧光LAMP检测方法能实现在同一反应管内鉴别诊断ALV和CIAV,具有特异性好、敏感性高及污染风险小等优点,且检测结果可通过多色荧光系统进行肉眼观察,适用于ALV和CIAV的临床快速筛查。     

基于新遗传连锁图谱的豇豆抗豆象QTL定位

【目的】豆象是危害豇豆最主要的仓储害虫。发掘豇豆抗豆象基因为抗性品种的选育,以及减少豆象对豇豆生产的危害奠定基础。【方法】以中豇1号(感)和Pant-lobia-1(抗)为亲本构建的包含282个株系的RIL群体为研究材料,利用人工接种法分别对282个株系接种绿豆象和四纹豆象,进行抗豆象表型鉴定,并利用两亲本对3 992个来源于绿豆、小豆和豇豆的SSR标记进行多态性筛选,然后利用筛选到的多态性标记对282个株系进行基因型分析,最后结合RIL群体各株系抗豆象表型鉴定数据和基因型分型数据,采用完备区间作图法(ICIM-ADD)进行抗豆象QTL定位分析,在此基础上构建遗传连锁图谱,并定位豇豆抗豆象基因。【结果】中豇1号和F1籽粒的被害率均为100%,Pant-lobia-1籽粒的被害率分别为22.5%和42.5%。推测Pant-lobia-1对绿豆象和四纹豆象的抗性均为隐性遗传;筛选到182个多态性标记,利用这些多态性标记构建了一个包含11个连锁群的豇豆遗传连锁图谱,图谱总长1 065.23 cM,相邻标记间平均遗传距离为5.85 cM;经2种豆象处理,分别在连锁群1和连锁群5上检测到2个稳定...     

不同施肥措施对土壤硝态氮垂直分布的特征影响

通过田间试验研究了冬小麦收获后NO3--N在土壤剖面中的累积状况。研究结果表明:不论是单独施用无机、生物有机肥还是无机、有机肥混施都会造成硝酸盐在土壤中的积累,但有机肥本身产生的硝酸盐累积量极微。生物有机、元机肥混施后减少了无机肥料中硝态氮深层累积。在0-100cm土层中,硝态氮的累积量呈递减趋势,在0-40cm的累积量最高。砂质土壤比牯质土壤更有利于硝态氮的深层迁移。     

蓝果树种群径级结构与生命表分析

蓝果树是重要的乡土彩叶树种之一。为全面了解其种群数量时空动态变化规律,采用空间代时间法和匀滑技术编制种群静态生命表。结果表明:蓝果树种群径级结构处于稳定状态。死亡率和损失率2个死亡高峰分别出现在第3,4和8龄级,存活曲线属于Deevey-Ⅱ型。生存分析4个函数曲线表明,蓝果树种群具有前期衰退,中后期稳定的特点。该研究可为蓝果树的经营管理和种群未来动态预测提供参考。