The cayo santiago primate colony

This is an account of the vicissitudes of the monkeys on Cayo Santiago. In it is described the relationship of the establishment of that primate colony to the development of the National Regional Primate Research Center Program in the United States and the Laboratory of Perinatal Physiology in Puerto Rico. The Cayo Santiago colony opened new aspects of biomedical research and stimulated the general use of nonhuman primates in behavioral as well as physiological investigations.     

The incidence of bruising in broiler flocks

1. The amount of down‐grading due to bruising in 55 flocks of broilers was investigated.

4. Bruising was classified as light or bad bruising and it is suggested that this division represents two distinct types of bruises with different causes.

3. The incidence of bruising was greater in female flocks than in male although the bruising in the former tended to be less severe.

4. The relationships between incidence of bruising and several variables associated with the flock and the environment were examined using regression analysis. The factors shown to have a significant influence on the incidence of bruising were: the age and mean weight of the flock, and the temperature and humidity on the day of processing.     

Insect epoxide hydrolase: Properties of a purified enzyme from the southern armyworm (Spodoptera eridania)

An epoxide hydrolase purified from midgut microsomes of southern armyworm (Spodoptera eridania) larvae exhibited high activity toward monosubstituted epoxides (1,2-epoxyoctane, 1,2-epoxypropane, and styrene oxide) and lower activity toward cis-1,2-disubstituted epoxides (cyclohexene oxide, and the cyclodienes HEOM, HCE, and chlordene epoxide). Trisubstituted epoxides (2-methyl-2,3-epoxyheptane and JH-1) as well as several cyclodiene insecticides (dieldrin, endrin, endo-epoxyaldrin, and anti-heptachlor epoxide) were refractory to enzymatic attack. It is concluded that both lipophilic and steric factors dictate the substrate specificity of the enzyme. With cyclohexene oxide the enzyme yields the 1R, 2R enantiomer of the trans-diol. The purified enzyme is inhibited by several epoxides and mixed-function oxidase inhibitors and the potency of 3,3,3-trichloro-1,2-epoxypropane and sodium picrylsulfonate suggest the importance of electronic factors in the inhibitory mechanism. Studies with specific amino acid modifiers suggest the presence of an essential lysine or histidine residue at the active site and indicate that the enzyme lacks a metal ion requirement and an essential cysteine residue. The purified enzyme has a molecular weight of 46,000 daltons and amino acid analysis and immunochemical studies show it to be very similar to, but not identical with, the epoxide hydrolase from mammalian liver microsomes.     

The quantitative composition of the gastrointestinal flora in piglets during the first weeks of life. 1. The development of the gastrointestinal flora in naturally reared piglets]

Studies were conducted into the quantitative composition of the gastro-intestinal flora of 30 naturally raised piglets in four age groups. The gastro-intestinal tract was found to be "flooded" by Escherichia coli, Clostridium perfringens, micrococci, streptococci, proteus, and lactobacteria over the first hours after birth. Development of the intestinal flora was complete at the age of four days. The groups of germs recordable from naturally and artificially raised piglets were, basically, the same. Piglets, consequently, have no specific "lactoflora".     

Isolation and identification of a bovine adenovirus type 3 with an adenovirus-associated virus.

A bovine adenovirus with agglutinating activity was isolated from feedlot calves and classified as serotype 3. The agglutinating activity was shown to be the property of an adenovirus-associated virus (AAV). The AAV was isolated from the bovine adenovirus by isopycnic centrifugation in CsCl; the AAV had a density of 1.4 g/cm2. This AAV is serologically related to bovine AAV-TR-15, but is distinct from bovine parvovirus-1 and primate AAV types 1 to 4, using counterimmunoelectrophoresis and hemagglutination-inhibition.     

Effect of the proteinase inhibitor aprotinin in the management of hemorrhagic shock in the dog.

Aprotinin, a proteinase inhibitor, was evaluated as a pharmacologic aid in dogs subjected to lethal hemorrhagic shock. Survival time, hemodynamic changes, and plasma enzyme analysis were measured as criteria for drug effects. Mixed-breed dogs (n = 14) were divided into 2 groups of 7 each: nontreated dogs in shock (group 1) and aprotinin-treated dogs in shock (group 2). One of 7 dogs in group 1 and 2 of 7 dogs in group 2 survived. Survival time, for the remaining dogs in group 1 (190 min, n = 6) and group 2 (188 min, n = 5) were not significantly different. There was no significant difference in mean arterial pressure, mean pulmonary arterial pressure, cardiac output, or left ventricle systolic pressure associated with aprotinin treatment at any time after hemorrhagic shock. There was no significant difference in plasma lactic acid, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, creatine phosphokinase, alpha-amylase, and beta-glucuronidase associated with treatment at any time; however, there were significant (P less than 0.05) increases with time. The gastrointestinal tract was the site of most obvious lesions found at necropsy. Lesions varied considerably in extent and severity without apparent correlation to the treatment regimen. These experiments did not show beneficial effects of aprotinin in dogs subjected to hemorrhagic shock, but neither did they completely rule out some valuable actions that may have been obscured by the type of model used.