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51.
Genes from wild species of the Procumbentes section can be transferred to sugar beet chromosomes via translocations. Since large translocations, including for example a gene for nematode resistance, generally result in meiotic disturbances, there is a need to select new diploid resistant beets from progenies of monosomic wild beet addition lines. A dispersed repetitive DNA probe, which is closely correlated with the resistance gene and hybridizes exclusively with wild beet DNA, appears to be highly superior to selection based on isozyme markers. Characteristic ‘fingerprints’ on the available monosomic addition lines reveal the existence of at last 5 different chromosomes in the wild species each housing a gene for nematode resistance. This probe can be used advantageously to identify individuals carrying the intact or fragmented wild beet chromosomes, or even various amounts of translocated chromatin. Strategies are discussed for the identification of new translocation types using straightforward squash dot or Southern hybridization techniques in combination with the wild beet DNA probe. 相似文献
52.
Influence of cyto‐sterility sources of female line on seed quality of Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L. Czern & Coss.) in relation to storage period 下载免费PDF全文
Effect of cyto‐sterility sources on morphology and yield attributes in F1 has well been studied in different crops, but not on the seed quality of hybrid. Six cytoplasmic male sterile (CMS) lines, viz. Ogura, Siifolia, Erucoides, Moricandia, Tournefortii and Oxyrrhina, which represent six different sources of CMS, were pollinated by a single maintainer line (‘Pusa Bold’) to check whether CMS sources have any marked effect on seed quality. Seeds were collected in 2007–2008 (rabi season: October–April) from CMS maintenance plot and kept in ambient storage for next 3 years. The results indicated that CMS/cyto‐sterility sources influenced the seed quality parameters in fresh seed as well as after storage. Per cent germination (as means over the storage period) was recorded up to 89.00, 88.25 and 87.88 in Moricandia, Ogura and Oxyrrhina systems, respectively, and it was significantly different from Tournefortii and ‘Pusa Bold’ (70.13 and 74.38, respectively). The CMS sources also had pronounced effect on other seed quality traits, viz. root and shoot length and seedling dry matter, and Ogura and Moricandia (green) performed better. 相似文献
53.
Various pigment colors were produced by Monascus fermentations with separate addition of 20 amino acids. The color characteristics and structures of the pigment derivatives were investigated. When each amino acid was added to the fermentation broth as a precursor, pigment extracts with different hue and chroma values were obtained depending on the content ratios of yellow, orange, and red colors in the fermentation broth. The yellow and orange pigments were identical regardless of amino acid addition. The red compounds varied on the basis of the type of amino acid added. LC-MS and (1)H and (13)C NMR structural analyses confirmed that the derivative pigments contained the moieties of the added amino acids. L, a, and b values of the CIELAB color system for the derivative pigments were measured. Values of hue and chroma were then calculated. The colors of the derivative pigments were in the range of orangish red to violet red. The hydrophilicities/hydrophobicities of the derivative pigments could be predicted from their log P values, which were estimated using computer programs. 相似文献
54.
Chulkyu Lee Young Joon Kim Sang-Bum Hong Hanlim Lee Jinsang Jung Yeo-Jin Choi Jungeun Park Ki-Hyun Kim Jai-Hoon Lee Ki-Joon Chun Hyun-Ho Kim 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2005,160(1-4):181-195
Ozone effects on Mediterranean forests were studied for 10 years in southern France. The aim of these studies was to understand the impact of the pollutant on foliar damage among Aleppo pine (Pinus halepensis Mill) and Arolla pine (Pinus cembra L) populations. During the summers of 2001 and 2002, ozone concentrations were measured using UV absorption analysers (4) and passive samplers (29) at two forest monitoring sites: Site 1 in the Nice coastal area for Aleppo pine and Site 2 in the Mercantour mountains for Arolla pine, in the vicinity of tree observation sites. AOT 40 values were quite high (25–33 ppm.h), especially in the Mercantour mountains, for the 5 months of measurement. Foliar damage (defoliation and discoloration) and specific symptoms (chlorotic mottle) were observed on 8 Aleppo pine and 13 Arolla pine plots. For Arolla pines, there was a significant correlation between defoliation and chlorotic mottles. There was also a correlation between mean ozone concentrations measured by passive samplers and chlorotic mottles. These correlations were less significant for Aleppo pine. 相似文献
55.
Changes in flavor release and aroma characteristics in a medium including food phenolics may be attributed to an intermolecular interaction between flavor compounds and phenolics. To investigate the interaction, one- and two-dimensional NMR studies have been carried out on the binding of two phenolics, gallic acid and naringin, with three aroma compounds, 2-methylpyrazine, vanillin, and ethyl benzoate. Evaluation of thermodynamic parameters and intermolecular nuclear Overhauser effects reveals that gallic acid can interact more strongly with aromatic flavors than naringin. The supramolecular complexation is also dependent on the structural nature of the flavors, with 2-methylpyrazine and vanillin interacting more strongly than ethyl benzoate. The interaction is principally pi-pi stacking between the galloyl ring and the aromatic ring of the aroma compounds, but secondary hydrogen-bonding effects help to stabilize the complex and enhance the specificity. 相似文献
56.
CX3CR1-mediated dendritic cell access to the intestinal lumen and bacterial clearance 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Niess JH Brand S Gu X Landsman L Jung S McCormick BA Vyas JM Boes M Ploegh HL Fox JG Littman DR Reinecker HC 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2005,307(5707):254-258
Dendritic cells (DCs) and macrophages are critical to innate and adaptive immunity to the intestinal bacterial microbiota. Here, we identify a myeloid-derived mucosal DC in mice, which populates the entire lamina propria of the small intestine. Lamina propria DCs were found to depend on the chemokine receptor CX3CR1 to form transepithelial dendrites, which enable the cells to directly sample luminal antigens. CX3CR1 was also found to control the clearance of entero-invasive pathogens by DCs. Thus, CX3CR1-dependent processes, which control host interactions of specialized DCs with commensal and pathogenic bacteria, may regulate immunological tolerance and inflammation. 相似文献
57.
58.
Peptide processing and targeting in the neuronal secretory pathway 总被引:14,自引:0,他引:14
The abdominal ganglion of the marine mollusk Aplysia contains a pair of identified neuronal clusters, the bag cells, which control egg laying by means of a number of unique regulatory mechanisms. Each neuron in the bag cell clusters synthesizes several peptides derived from a single prohormone and packages them into separate vesicles. These vesicles are then differentially localized in specific neuronal processes, thus segregating peptides destined for autocrine and hormonal release sites. Therefore in this system, protein trafficking through the secretory pathway organizes multiple peptide neurochemical messengers to efficiently regulate simple behaviors. 相似文献
59.
Hwang WS Ryu YJ Park JH Park ES Lee EG Koo JM Jeon HY Lee BC Kang SK Kim SJ Ahn C Hwang JH Park KY Cibelli JB Moon SY 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2004,303(5664):1669-1674
Somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) technology has recently been used to generate animals with a common genetic composition. In this study, we report the derivation of a pluripotent embryonic stem (ES) cell line (SCNT-hES-1) from a cloned human blastocyst. The SCNT-hES-1 cells displayed typical ES cell morphology and cell surface markers and were capable of differentiating into embryoid bodies in vitro and of forming teratomas in vivo containing cell derivatives from all three embryonic germ layers in severe combined immunodeficient mice. After continuous proliferation for more than 70 passages, SCNT-hES-1 cells maintained normal karyotypes and were genetically identical to the somatic nuclear donor cells. Although we cannot completely exclude the possibility that the cells had a parthenogenetic origin, imprinting analyses support a SCNT origin of the derived human ES cells. 相似文献
60.
The gradual closure of the Panamanian seaway and the resulting environmental change stimulated an increase in Caribbean molluscan diversity rather than the mass extinction hypothesized previously on the basis of inadequate data. Upheaval of molluscan faunas did occur suddenly throughout tropical America at the end of the Pliocene as a result of more subtle, unknown causes. There is no necessary correlation between the magnitude of regional shifts in abiotic conditions and the subsequent biological response. 相似文献