Characterization of high-level deoxynivalenol producer Fusarium graminearum and F. culmorum isolates caused head blight and crown rot diseases in Turkey

Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection - In vitro and in planta determination and quantification of deoxynivalenol (DON) are a crucial step in food safety. tri13 amplicons of 282 bp and...     

不同林龄平茬沙柳固碳量及其与生长因子的关系研究

文章以库布齐沙漠人工沙柳林为研究对象,研究不同立地条件下5a、10a、15a沙柳固碳量,固碳量与沙柳丛高、冠幅、基径、基部枝条粗度、基部分枝数、单枝最大分枝数、单枝最大枝芽数这7项生长因子的关系。主要结论如下:①从固碳量来看,平茬3次的15 a沙柳沙柳固碳量(9.45 kg·株^-1)>平茬2次的10 a沙柳沙柳固碳量(4.74 kg·株^-1)>平茬1次的5 a沙柳沙柳固碳量(1.79 kg·株^-1),三者差异显著(P<0.05)。②从沙柳不同生长因子与固碳量能力的墓函数分析来看,基部分枝数(用=0.6154)、枝条基部粗度(R^2=0.6032)、基径(R^2=0.6022)、冠幅(R^2=0.5648)、丛高(R^2=0.4693)与固碳量的关系较高。③不同立地条件下,丘间低地沙埋下沙柳固碳量及各生长因子的生长状况优于迎风坡风蚀和丘间低地未沙埋条件下。     

非编码RNA及其在畜禽中的应用研究进展

在真核生物基因组转录过程中，除了一些蛋白质编码RNA以外，还有一些不同类型的非编码RNA（non-coding RNA，ncRNA）也参与了复杂生命活动过程的调节。近年来，全转录组测序技术的出现和生物信息学的快速发展极大地促进了人们对ncRNA的研究，ncRNA在生物领域的多个方面具有重要作用，如在人类肿瘤、非肿瘤等方面的疾病治疗，在动物胚胎发育、肌肉生长、脂肪沉积、免疫应答及皮肤毛囊调控等领域都有了很大的进展。作者主要综述了全转录组测序技术、ncRNA分类、主要作用机制和ncRNA在畜禽中的应用，为探究ncRNA在动物中的调控机制提供理论依据。     

A Field Survey of Promising Mulberry (M<Emphasis Type="Italic">orus spp</Emphasis>.) Genotypes from Turkey

In this study the mulberry population in the Mediterranean and Eastern Anatolia Turkey was examined with regard to fruit properties. The research material consisted of uncultivated mulberry (Morus spp.) trees. Thirty five mulberry genotypes for table, 6 genotypes for fruit juice, 11 genotypes for syrup (pekmez) and 9 genotypes for drying, were selected, 32 of which belonged to Morus alba, 12 to Morus rubra and 8 genotypes to Morus nigra. Continued and more detailed selection studies with this population of genotypes are necessary to provide material that is suitable for future breeding efforts. It may also be possible to select some of this native material that has sufficient commercial value to justify its release to growers.     

Using Artificial Neural Network and Multiple Linear Regression for Predicting the Chlorophyll Concentration Index of Saint John’s Wort Leaves

This research investigates and compares artificial neural network and multiple linear regression for predicting the chlorophyll concentration index of Saint John’s wort leaves (Hypericum perforatum L.). Plants were fertilized with 0, 30, 60, 90, and 120 kg ha^?1 nitrogen [34% nitrogen ammonium nitrate (NH₄NO₃)]. Chlorophyll concentration index of each leaf was measured using SPAD meter. Afterwards, rgb (red, green, and blue color) values of all leaf images were determined by image processing. Values obtained were modeled using both multiple regression analysis and artificial neural networks. Using multiple regression analysis R² values were between 0.61 and 0.97. Coefficient of determination values (R²) using artificial neutral network values were found to be 0.99. Artificial neutral network modeling successfully described the relationship between actual chlorophyll concentration index values and predicted chlorophyll concentration index values.     

Enzyme variation among some southwest Turkey populations of the two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch

Ten different two-spotted spider mite (Tetranychus urticae Koch) populations were collected from greenhouses in two geographically different regions of Turkey, Antalya and Isparta. Individual spider mites were homogenized in microplates using multi-homogenizer, and the genetic variations in the esterase of these populations were studied by nondenaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The results showed that esterase enzymes were polymorphic in all populations in both regions. However more intrapopulation and interpopulation variations were observed in the population from Antalya region.     

Defence responses in leaves of resistant and susceptible pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) cultivars infected with different inoculum concentrations of Phytophthora capsici Leon

Three pepper cultivars (PM-702: resistant, Demre-8 and KM-hot: susceptible) with different resistances to Phytophthora capsici-22 (P. capsici-22) were inoculated with different concentrations of zoospores to analyze the time course of phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) activity, malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), proline and total protein.     

Epiphytotics of chickpea Ascochyta blight in Turkey as influenced by climatic factors

Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection - Chickpea Ascochyta blight caused by Didymella rabiei is one of the most important fungal diseases affecting yield and seed quality negatively in Turkey....     

Manipulating Regular Bearing in ‘Golden Delicious’/M9 Apple Trees using GA4+7 and Ethephon

Control of regular cropping in apple is considered critical for fruit growers to ensure their economical sustainability. Irregular flowering can be mitigated by plant growth regulators thanks to their promotion or inhibition effects. In this study, responses of GA₄₊₇ and ethephon on alternate bearing in ‘Golden Delicious’/M9 were examined. GA₄₊₇ and ethephon were applied on the same trees during three consecutive years (2010–12). Flowering, yield, shoot growth, and also some fruit quality parameters were assessed. GA₄₊₇ appeared to be more effectual to regulate alternate bearing. The alternate bearing index calculated with yield in successive years was high in control (0.91), moderate in ethephon (0.71), and low in GA₄₊₇ treated trees (0.41). Modified alternate bearing index, based on cluster number, indicated moderate intensity in GA₄₊₇ (0.53) and high intensity in the others. Although GA₄₊₇ reduced crop density at about 50%, there was little variation in yield per tree and crop efficiency due to increasing of fruit size. GA₄₊₇ did not increase shot length after establishment of equilibrium between vegetative and generative growth in 2012. Ethephon slightly reduced vegetative growth and relatively increased fruit size due to the decrease of fruit set.