The use of bromelain as a feed additive in fish diets: Growth performance,intestinal morphology,digestive enzyme and immune response of juvenile Sterlet (Acipenser ruthenus)

Bromelain is a proteolytic enzyme extracted from Ananas comosus and has great potential to affect several physiological functions. The current study examined the effect of bromelain added to commercial feed at concentrations of 0 g (control), 10 g (B1) and 20 g (B2) per kg diet on growth, feed utilization, intestinal morphology, digestive enzyme and immune response of juvenile Sterlet (Acipenser ruthenus) for 56 days. At the end of this experiment, the highest final body weight was detected in fish fed diet of B2 compared to control. The protein content of whole fish was higher in fish fed diet of B1 and B2, but the content of calcium, iron, copper and zinc was noted lower in fillets of fish fed diet of B1 and B2. Supplementation with bromelain significantly increased the height of mucosal folds, enterocytes and the supranuclear zone of the epithelial cells compared to control diet. The enzymatic activity of lipase and pepsin was significantly (p < 0.05) higher in fish fed diet of B1 and B2. The highest activity of lysozyme, total protein level and total immunoglobulin and the proliferative activity of T and B cells were detected in fish fed diet of B2 compared to control, where no significant (p > 0.05) difference was found in ceruloplasmin, metabolic activity of spleen macrophages and potential killing activity of spleen phagocytes between different treatments.     

波兰樱桃产业发展概况

介绍了波兰的樱桃产量、面积和分布,主要品种和栽培模式,为中国的樱桃产业发展提供了系统的产业信息。     

Hypolipidemic effects and absorption of citrus polymethoxylated flavones in hamsters with diet-induced hypercholesterolemia

Formulations containing citrus polymethoxylated flavones (PMFs), mainly tangeretin, or citrus flavanone glucosides, hesperidin and naringin, were evaluated for cholesterol-lowering potential in hamsters with diet-induced hypercholesterolemia. PMF metabolites were also investigated. Diets containing 1% PMFs significantly reduced serum total and very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) + LDL cholesterol (by 19-27 and 32-40%, respectively) and either reduced or tended to reduce serum triacylglycerols. Comparable reductions were achieved by feeding a 3% mixture of hesperidin and naringin (1:1, w/w), implying lower hypolipidemic potency of the hesperidin/naringin vs PMFs. HPLC-MS analysis identified high serum, liver, and urine concentrations of tangeretin metabolites including dihydroxytrimethoxyflavone and monohydroxytetramethoxyflavone glucuronides and aglycones. Total liver concentrations of tangeretin derivatives corresponded to hypolipidemic concentrations of intact tangeretin in earlier experiments in vitro. This suggests that PMFs are novel flavonoids with cholesterol- and triacylglycerol-lowering potential and that elevated levels of PMF metabolites in the liver might be directly responsible for their hypolipidemic effects in vivo.     

Folates Stability in Two Types of Rye Breads During Processing and Frozen Storage

High-performance liquid chromatography was used to study the stability of folate vitamers in two types of rye breads after baking and 16 weeks of frozen storage. Bread made using sourdough seeds contained less total folate (74.6 μg/100 g dry basis, expressed as folic acid) than the whole rye flour (79.8 μg/100 g dry basis) and bread leavened only with baker’s yeast (82.8 μg/100 g dry basis). Most importantly, it was generated by a significant decrease in 5-CH₃-H₄folate form. The baking process caused some changes in folate distribution. Storage of breads at -18°C for 2 weeks did not have a significant effect (p < 0.05) on total folates compared to the content directly after baking. After a 5-weeks storage period, a significant decrease (p < 0.05) in the content of total folates was recorded and it dropped on average by 14% for both type of breads. After a longer period of storage (16 weeks), a 25% loss of folates in the bread made with baker’s yeast and a 38% loss in the bread fermented with sourdough seeds was found. Retention of 5-CH₃-H₄folate and 10-HCO-H₂folate forms were much lower in the bread made with a sourdough addition than with baker’s yeast only.     

PCR在安祖花和白鹤芋属间杂交种早期鉴定中的应用

采用以PCR技术为基础的tRNALeuCAA基因内序列细胞核标记和内部改写空间2(ITS2)序列2种方法对7个安祖花属的红鹤芋(Anthurium andraeanum)和白鹤芋属的矮小苞叶芋(Spathiphyllum wallissii)的属间杂交种进行鉴定.使用tRNALeuCAA基因内序列细胞标记共扩增出13个位点,供试杂种中均无父本特异性谱带出现,仅在1个杂种中出现新的谱带,表明该杂种为真正的属间杂种.ITS2序列法扩增出28个位点,杂种谱带表现3种类型:无父本特异性谱带出现;出现新谱带;既出现父本特异性谱带又出现新谱带.应用ITS2序列法有6个假定杂交种均被鉴定为真正的属间杂交种.试验结果表明,tRNALeuCAA基因内序列细胞核标记和内部改写空间2(ITS2)序列2种方法可以用于属间杂种的鉴定.     

Pektine aus tamarinden-samen

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Probleme der Massenvermehrung der Faser-Yucca-Pflanzen

Summary Problems of propagation of theYucca filamentosa (probably hybrids ofY filamentosa Y. flaccida) cultivated in Europa are discussed.The usual and most productive mode of propagation consists in laying out pieces of the rhizomes 7 to 10 cm in length.Another way to propagate the Yccua is to cut the suckers which will drive out from the rhizome of older plants or when the plants had developed an inflorescence and ripened the seeds.A third way to increase the number of Yucca plants is to sow the seeds which are developed in numbers of 200–300 in the numerous capsules of the inflorescence.In the native countries of the Yucca seed production only occurs after pollination of the flowers by the Pronuba moth. In all other countries where the insect does not live, seed production is only possible after artificial pollination of the flowers by hand with a fine brush. In all fruits produced by both modes of pollination are numbers of empty seeds in distinct percentage. The fiber Yuccas are not constant when propagated by seeds. By sowing these seeds there will rise a great number of different forms by segregation.

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mit 17 Abbildungen im Text     

Rapid detection of Marek's disease virus in feather follicles by loop-mediated amplification

Marek's disease (MD) remains a serious problem in the production of poultry. The disease is caused by Marek's disease virus (MDV), and despite the ubiquitous use of vaccination to control losses, MD still affects poultry farming worldwide. The aim of this study was to develop a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) method for the simple and inexpensive detection of MDV in feather tips of chickens. Two pairs of specific primers complementary to the meq oncogene of MDV were designed, targeting the sequence of the very virulent MDV strain, RB1B. Bst polymerase was used for the isothermal amplification of viral DNA at 65 C for 90 min in a water bath. The fluorescence signal was identified in MDV-positive samples after the addition of SYBR Green and ultraviolet (UV) illumination. The sensitivity of LAMP was 2 log 10 plaque-forming units (PFU)/ml of HPRS16 and 10(3) copies/il of plasmid containing the target gene (meq) and was equal in sensitivity to PCR amplification. Due to the use of three sets of primers, LAMP was highly specific for MDV-1 DNA. The developed LAMP technique is a rapid and simple tool for the specific detection of MDV in samples of feathers taken from live chickens. Since the use of thermocyclers is not necessary for LAMP assay, it can be conducted by small laboratories and even field veterinarians.