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161.
Snail bait poisoning is rare in horses. Cases have been reported, but clinical signs and subsequent prognostic indicators have been poorly documented and must be extrapolated from cases in companion animals. We describe in detail the poisoning of a horse that consumed a lethal dose of the carbamate, methiocarb. There are currently no guidelines for treating equine methiocarb toxicoses, but the principles of management are based on supportive therapy. 相似文献
162.
163.
Nollens HH Hernandez JA Jacobson ER Haulena M Gulland FM 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》2005,227(3):467-473
OBJECTIVE: To identify risk factors that may predispose California sea lions (Zalophus californianus) to development of cutaneous poxvirus nodules during hospitalization in a rehabilitation center. DESIGN: Retrospective case-control study. ANIMALS: 90 California sea lions admitted to a rehabilitation center. PROCEDURE: Hospital records of 275 stranded California sea lions admitted to the rehabilitation center between January 1 and December 31, 2002, were reviewed. All California sea lions (n = 18) that developed > or = 1 cutaneous poxvirus nodule during hospitalization were classified as cases. Seventy-two California sea lions that did not develop poxvirus lesions during hospitalization were randomly selected (control group). The frequencies of various exposure factors prior to admission, at admission, and during hospitalization for cases and control sea lions were compared by use of logistic regression. RESULTS: California sea lions that had previously been admitted to the rehabilitation center were 43 times as likely to develop poxvirus lesions as sea lions admitted for the first time; those with high band neutrophil counts (> 0.69 X 10(3) bands/microL) at admission were 20 times less likely to develop poxvirus lesions than sea lions with counts within reference limits. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results suggest that sea lions with a history of prior hospitalization or band neutrophil counts within reference limits at admission were more likely to develop poxvirus lesions during hospitalization. Sea lions with histories of hospitalization should be kept in quarantine and infection control measures implemented to help prevent disease transmission to attending personnel and other hospitalized animals. 相似文献
164.
Wellehan JF Johnson AJ Latimer KS Whiteside DP Crawshaw GJ Detrisac CJ Terrell SP Heard DJ Childress A Jacobson ER 《Veterinary microbiology》2005,105(2):83-92
Stomatitis is a common problem in lizards, and the etiologies of stomatitis in lizards are not well understood. Four green tree monitor lizards (Varanus prasinus) from two different collections were evaluated because of proliferative stomatitis. Degenerate PCR primers targeting a conserved region of herpesvirus DNA-dependent DNA polymerase were used to amplify and sequence a product from gingival tissue of three of four lizards (cases 1, 3, and 4). DNA in situ hybridization of tissues from three lizards was positive for herpesvirus in the oral mucosa of all three lizards tested (cases 1-3) and the brain of two lizards (cases 1 and 3). Comparative sequence analysis suggests that this virus is a novel member of the subfamily alpha-herpesvirinae, and is here termed varanid herpesvirus 1. 相似文献
165.
Croft LA Graham JP Schaf SA Jacobson ER 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》2004,225(9):1428-1435
OBJECTIVE: To describe the gross cross-sectional anatomy of green turtles (Chelonia mydas) and evaluate magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for detection of internal tumors in green turtles with cutaneous fibropapillomatosis. DESIGN: Prospective study. ANIMALS: 3 dead green turtles, 1 healthy green turtle, and 8 green turtles with cutaneous fibropapillomatosis. PROCEDURES: Gross cross-sectional anatomy of a dead turtle was described. Each live turtle underwent a complete physical examination, and dorsoventral whole-body survey radiographic views were obtained. Magnetic resonance imaging was performed in dorsal and transverse planes. Radiographs and magnetic resonance images were examined for evidence of internal nodules. Results were compared with necropsy findings in 5 of 8 turtles. RESULTS: Nodules in the lungs of 2 turtles were detected via radiography, whereas pulmonary nodules were detected in 5 turtles via MRI. No other visceral nodules were detected via radiography; however, masses in the stomach and adjacent to the bladder and kidneys were detected in 1 turtle via MRI. Other extrapulmonary abnormalities observed at necropsy were not detected on MR images. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: MRI may be valuable for detection of internal tumors in green turtles with cutaneous fibropapillomatosis. Nodules were more apparent in the lungs than in other organs. Results of MRI may serve as prognostic indicators for sea turtles undergoing assessment, treatment, and rehabilitation. Clinical application may be limited by cost and availability of MRI technology. 相似文献
166.
Characterisation of the response of equine digital arteries and veins to substance P 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Substance P (SP), a potent vasodilator, has been detected in equine digital sensory-motor nerves. The aim of the study was to characterise the functional responses of equine digital blood vessels to exogenous SP. Pre-constricted equine digital arteries (EDA) and veins (EDV) vasodilated in a biphasic, endothelium- and concentration-dependent manner to SP. A nitric oxide (NO) synthase inhibitor Nomega-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride (L-NAME; 300 microm) inhibited both phases of the relaxation response curve of EDAs to SP by >70%. In EDVs, the first relaxant phase to SP was largely L-NAME-resistant, whereas the second phase was inhibited by 60%. Both L-NAME and a cyclo-oxygenase inhibitor (ibuprofen; 10 microm) were required to inhibit EDV relaxation to SP by > or =80%. Experiments determining the receptor mediated responses to physiological concentrations of SP (1 nm) revealed that the relaxant responses of both EDA and EDV were inhibited by a neurokinin-1 (NK1) receptor antagonist (CP-96 345; 10 nm). In conclusion, SP is an endothelium-dependent vasodilator of both EDA and EDV. NO is the predominant pathway activated in EDA, whereas both prostacyclin and NO pathways are involved in EDVs. NK1 receptors appear to mediate responses to low concentrations of SP. 相似文献
167.
Fielding CL Magdesian KG Elliott DA Craigmill AL Wilson WD Carlson GP 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(2):213-217
The purpose of this study was to describe the pharmacokinetics of bromide in horses and to evaluate the corrected bromide space as an indicator of extracellular fluid volume (ECFV) in horses after the administration of a single dose of bromide by intravenous infusion. Sodium bromide (30 mg/kg of body weight, IV) was administered to 6 clinically healthy mares over a period of 3 minutes. Blood samples were collected before infusion and at intervals between 0.5 hours and 53 days after infusion. Mean elimination half-life (harmonic mean) was 126 hours (5.2 days), clearance was 1.4 +/- 0.09 mL/(kg x h), area under the curve was 17,520 +/- 1,100 microg x h/mL. and volume of distribution (steady state) was 0.255 +/- 0.015 L/kg. The mean corrected bromide space was determined from the volume of distribution (steady state) and the serum concentrations of bromide at equilibration. Corrected bromide space, an estimate of ECFV, was 0.218 +/- 0.01 L/kg. The conclusion was made that ECFV of horses can be estimated by measuring bromide concentrations in a preinfusion serum sample and a sample obtained 5 hours after the administration of bromide. 相似文献
168.
Kelly E Helmick Mark G Papich Kent A Vliet R Avery Bennett Elliott R Jacobson 《Journal of zoo and wildlife medicine》2004,35(3):333-340
The pharmacokinetics of enrofloxacin administered orally and i.v. to American alligators (Alligator mississippiensis) at 5 mg/kg was determined. Plasma levels of enrofloxacin and its metabolite ciprofloxacin were measured using high-performance liquid chromatography and the resulting concentration versus time curve analyzed using compartmental modeling techniques for the i.v. data and noncompartmental modeling techniques for the oral data. A two-compartment model best represented the i.v. data. Intravenous administration of enrofloxacin resulted in an extrapolated mean plasma concentration of 4.19 +/- 4.23 microg/ml at time zero, with average plasma drug levels remaining above 1.0 microg/ml for an average of 36 hr. Plasma volume of distribution for i.v. enrofloxacin was 1.88 +/- 0.96 L/kg, with a harmonic mean elimination half-life of 21.05 hr and mean total body clearance rate of 0.047 +/- 0.021 L/hr/kg. Plasma levels of p.o. enrofloxacin remained below 1.0 microg/ml in all test animals, and average concentrations ranged from 0.08 to 0.50 microg/ml throughout the sampling period. Oral administration of enrofloxacin achieved a mean maximum plasma concentration of 0.50 +/- 0.27 microg/ml at 55 +/- 29 hr after administration, with a harmonic mean terminal elimination half-life of 77.73 hr. Minimal levels of ciprofloxacin were detected after both oral and i.v. enrofloxacin administration, with concentrations below minimum inhibitory concentrations for most susceptible organisms. On the basis of the results of this study, enrofloxacin administered to American alligators at 5 mg/kg i.v. q 36 hr is expected to maintain plasma concentrations that approximate the minimum inhibitory concentration for susceptible organisms (0.5 microg/ml). Enrofloxacin administered to American alligators at 5 mg/kg p.o. is not expected to achieve minimum inhibitory values for susceptible organisms. 相似文献
169.
Maud Lafortune James F X Wellehan Elliott R Jacobson J Mitchell Troutman Connie J Gebhart Margaret S Thompson 《Journal of zoo and wildlife medicine》2004,35(4):549-552
A 2.5-yr-old, intact male Japanese macaque (Macaca fuscata) was observed to have a thickened ileum during exploratory laparotomy. Lawsonia intracellularis-associated proliferative enteritis was diagnosed using histopathology (Warthin-Starry stain), immunohistochemistry, and polymerase chain reaction analysis of the ileal biopsy. The animal developed transient diarrhea and severe hypoproteinemia 16 days after surgery but recovered with intensive treatment using azithromycin. Given the fact that very specific tests are required for identifying this organism, L. intracellularis may be underdiagnosed in nonhuman primates. 相似文献
170.
Michael Elliott Andrew W. Farnham Norman F. Janes Diana M. Johnson David A. Pulman 《Pest management science》1987,18(4):223-228
Substituted phenylacetaldehydes, made by homologation of the benzaldehydes by Wittig condensation with a methoxymethylene ylid, were condensed under Wadsworth-Emmons conditions to give the substituted N-(2-methylpropyl)-6-phenylhexa-2,4-dienamides. Electron withdrawing substituents favoured the formation of the unwanted 3,5-diene isomer. Insecticidal activity was lowered by most substituents examined, but was retained or even enhanced by halogen atoms at the m- or p-positions. At the m-position, activity decreased as size of halogen increased. 相似文献