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31.
Balantidium coli is a ciliated protozoan that inhabits the large intestine of swine, man, rodents, and nonhuman primates. Frequently this organism is associated with enteric diseases in man and nonhuman primates, with rare manifestations of disease in swine and other mammalian species. This report describes a case of B. coli-induced enteric disease in a 15-yr-old, mare, Finnish Horse after an acute onset of colic. Severe hemorrhagic and eosinophilic colitis with intense infiltration of intralesional B. coli-like ciliated protozoan were found histologically. 相似文献
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Jacques RA Arruda EJ de Oliveira LC de Oliveira AP Dariva C de Oliveira JV Caramão EB 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2007,55(18):7510-7516
The influence of agronomic variables (light intensity, age of leaves, and fertilization type) on the content of macronutrients and micronutrients (potassium, calcium, sodium, magnesium, manganese, iron, zinc, and copper) of tea leaves was assessed by acid digestion, followed by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS). The thermal behavior of mate tea leaves (Ilex paraguariensis) was also studied in this work. Samples of mate (Ilex paraguariensis) were collected in an experiment conducted under agronomic control at Erva-Mate Bar?o Commerce and Industry LTD (Brazil). The results showed that the mineral content in mate is affected by the agronomic variables investigated. In general, the content of mineral compounds analyzed is higher for younger leaves and for plants cultivated in shadow. Thermal analysis of samples indicated a similar behavior, with three typical steps of decomposition: loss of water, degradation of low-molecular weight compounds, and degradation of residual materials. 相似文献
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Jacques RA Krause LC Freitas Ldos S Dariva C Oliveira JV Caramão EB 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2007,55(25):10081-10085
The main objective of this work is to assess the influence of two drying methods (microwave and vacuum oven) and some agronomic variables (plant fertilization conditions and sunlight intensity) on the characteristics of mate tea (Ilex paraguariensis) leaves extracts obtained from high-pressure carbon dioxide extractions performed in the temperature range from 20 to 40 degrees C and from 100 to 250 bar. Samples of mate were collected in an experiment conducted under agronomic control at Ervateira Bar?o LTDA, Brazil. Chemical distribution of the extracts was evaluated by gas chromatography coupled with a mass spectrometer detector (GC/MS). In addition to extraction variables, results showed that both sample drying methods and agronomic conditions exert a pronounced influence on the extraction yield and on the chemical distribution of the extracts. 相似文献
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Paula Ximena Hurtado Sabine K. Schnabel Alon Zaban Merja Veteläinen Elina Virtanen Paul H. C. Eilers Fred A. van Eeuwijk Richard G. F. Visser Chris Maliepaard 《Euphytica》2012,183(3):289-302
The study of quantitative trait’s expression over time helps to understand developmental processes which occur in the course
of the growing season. Temperature and other environmental factors play an important role. The dynamics of haulm senescence
was observed in a diploid potato mapping population in two consecutive years (2004 and 2005) under field conditions in Finland.
The available time series data were used in a smoothed generalized linear model to characterize curves describing the senescence
development in terms of its onset, mean and maximum progression rate and inflection point. These characteristics together
with the individual time points were used in a Quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis. Although QTLs occurring early in the
senescence process coincided with QTLs for onset of senescence, the analysis of the time points made it difficult to study
senescence as a continuous trait. Characteristics estimated from the senescence curve allowed us to study it as a developmental
process and provide a meaningful biological interpretation to the results. Stable QTLs in the two experimental years were
identified for progression rate and year-specific QTLs were detected for onset of senescence and inflection point. Specific
interactions between loci controlling senescence development were also found. Epistatic interaction between QTLs on chromosomes
4, 5 and 7 were detected in 2004 and pleiotopic effects of QTLs on chromosomes 3 and 4 were observed in 2005. 相似文献
36.
Mursu J Voutilainen S Nurmi T Helleranta M Rissanen TH Nurmi A Kaikkonen J Porkkala-Sarataho E Nyyssönen K Virtanen JK Salonen R Salonen JT 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2005,53(8):3017-3022
In humans, polyphenol supplementation studies have resulted in inconsistent findings in lipid peroxidation. Our aim was to investigate the effects of a 4-week consumption of polyphenol-rich phloem on serum lipids and lipid peroxidation in the hydrophilic fraction of serum and on isolated lipoproteins. We conducted a randomized double-blind supplementation study consisting of 75 nonsmoking hypercholesterolemic men. Participants consumed 70 g daily of either rye bread (placebo) or phloem-fortified rye bread containing 31 mg (low polyphenol, LP) or 62 mg (high polyphenol, HP) of catechins. The ex vivo susceptibility of total serum lipids and VLDL and LDL to oxidation after copper induction was measured as a lag time to the maximal oxidation rate at the baseline and after the supplementation. In the HP group, an increase in the oxidation resistance of total serum lipids was observed (11.4%), while no effect was seen in the LP group (-0.8%) or in the placebo group (-1.0%) (p = 0.007). No differences were observed in the oxidation resistance of VLDL and LDL between the study groups. The phloem also increased in vitro oxidation resistance of serum lipids and radical scavenging activity (DPPH.) in a dose-dependent manner. Our results suggest that polyphenols may inhibit lipid peroxidation in the hydrophilic fraction of serum. 相似文献
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Natural aryl hydrocarbon receptor ligands control organogenesis of intestinal lymphoid follicles 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Kiss EA Vonarbourg C Kopfmann S Hobeika E Finke D Esser C Diefenbach A 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2011,334(6062):1561-1565
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Ann-Helena Hokkanen Marja R Raekallio Kati Salla Laura Hänninen Elina Viitasaari Marianna Norring Satu Raussi Valtteri M Rinne Mika Scheinin Outi M Vainio 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2014,41(4):372-377
ObjectiveTo study the effects of oromucosal detomidine gel administered sublingually to calves prior to disbudding, and to compare its efficacy with intravenously (IV) administered detomidine.Study designRandomised, prospective clinical study.AnimalsTwenty dairy calves aged 12.4 ± 4.4days (mean ± SD), weight 50.5 ± 9.0 kg.MethodsDetomidine at 80 μg kg?1 was administered to ten calves sublingually (GEL) and at 30 μg kg?1 to ten control calves IV (V. jugularis). Meloxicam (0.5 mg kg?1) and local anaesthetic (lidocaine 3 mg kg?1) were administered before heat cauterization of horn buds. Heart rate (HR), body temperature and clinical sedation were monitored over 240 minutes. Blood was collected from the V. cephalica during the same period for drug concentration analysis. Pharmacokinetic variables were calculated from the plasma detomidine concentration-time data using non-compartmental methods. Statistical analyses compared routes of administration by Student’s t-test and linear mixed models as relevant.ResultsThe maximum plasma detomidine concentration after GEL was 2.1 ± 1.2 ng mL?1 (mean ±SD) and the time of maximum concentration was 66.0 ± 36.9 minutes. The bioavailability of detomidine was approximately 34% with GEL. Similar sedation scores were reached in both groups after administration of detomidine, but maximal sedation was reached earlier in the IV group (10 minutes) than in the GEL group (40 minutes). HR was lower after IV than GEL from 5 to 10 minutes after administration. All animals were adequately sedated, and we were able to administer local anaesthetic without resistance to all of the calves before disbudding.Conclusions and clinical relevanceOromucosally administered detomidine is an effective sedative agent for calves prior to disbudding. 相似文献
39.
Martin Romantschuk Elina Roine Suvi Taira 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2001,107(2):153-160
A number of Gram negative pathogenic bacteria are equipped with a macromolecule translocation machinery that enables them to inject virulence determinants directly into the cells of their eukaryotic hosts. For plant pathogens, the plant cell wall represents an extra challenge for such injection. The ability to overcome this barrier has turned out to be so beneficial that two non-homologous injection systems, type III and type IV secretion machineries, have evolved. A morphologically similar pilus structure is associated with both of these systems. In this review, the direct protein translocation by type III (Hrp) secretion machinery is discussed with focus on the function of Hrp pilus. Comparisons between the Hrp system and the analogous translocation of T-DNA by Agrobacterium type IV secretion machinery are made and the differences between type III systems of plant and animal pathogens are discussed. Alternative hypothetical models for the mechanistic mode of action of the pilus are presented. 相似文献
40.
Plant growth and herbivore resistance is affected by both environmental and genetic factors. The aim of this study was to examine (1) whether genotype explains variation in herbivore resistance, plant growth and tolerance of feeding within natural silver birch populations, (2) whether there is significant interaction between birch genotype and environment or the study year, and (3) whether there are defence costs in field grown juvenile silver birch saplings. The 22 genotypes studied were assigned insect exposure and insect removal treatments in two different environments. Resistance to insect herbivory was measured as the amount of undamaged leaves of the saplings and tolerance of feeding as a difference in relative height increment of the saplings between insect exposure and removal treatments in relation to the amount of damage (i.e. opposite number of resistance). Our study shows that a local silver birch population has substantial genotypic variation in resistance to insect herbivores and this variation is not affected by the environment or the study year. Genotypic variation was not observed for tolerance of feeding. We also showed that, in contrast to genotypic variation in resistance, the genotypic variation in growth among silver birch genotypes strongly depended on the environment, i.e. silver birch genotypes have a high degree of phenotypic plasticity in their growth. Therefore, defence costs in terms of lower growth rate appear to be highly dependent on the environment. To conclude, our results indicate that silver birch populations have a good potential to adapt to possibly increasing herbivory in boreal forests in warmer future climates. 相似文献