西瓜皮水浸提物对西瓜种子萌发的影响

对西瓜皮水浸提物对西瓜种子发芽的生物学效应进行了研究。结果表明:水浸液在低浓度时对种子萌发率及其胚根的抑制作用较弱;随水浸液浓度的增加萌发数显著下降,并且显著地抑制胚根的伸长。     

泥石流入汇主河淤积规律的水槽试验研究

以试验为基础,研究了泥石流入汇主河后淤积规律,主要探讨了淤积量及淤积分布问题。通过试验分析认为,泥石流入汇主河后的淤积量基本随流量比的增大而增大,就其淤积速率而言,有先增大后减小的变化规律。淤积量在流量比大约为0.5时出现峰值,在流量比为0.65时出现谷值,淤积量与流量比关系变化曲线以倾斜向上的直线为对称轴,呈倾斜向上的正弦波形。各工况下淤积范围基本不变,但试验中反映出,淤积范围有随交汇角增大而增大的趋势。     

Screening for low grain cadmium phenotypes in sunflower, durum wheat and flax

Cadmium (Cd) level in nonoilseed sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.), flax (Linum usitatissimum L.), and durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. var. durum) grown on uncontaminated, alkaline soils has exceeded limits established in Northern Europe. Separate field experiments were conducted to investigate variability of grain Cd levels among sunflower, durum wheat and flax germplasm, and to seek an efficient screening method for future breeding. There were large variations in leaf Cd concentration among 200 sunflower lines. These lines performed more consistently for Cd uptake at the R5 stage than at the V8 stage across 4 locations with markedly differing soils. Cd concentration in V8 leaves was not related to Cd in grain. The positive correlation between R5 leaf Cd and kernel Cd level was obtained from nonoilseed hybrid (Sigco 954) (R²; = 0.74**), and 200 lines (R² = 0.44**) tested over 4 locations in 2 field trials, respectively. This indicates that an efficient and low cost screening method can be developed for genotype selection, but plants must be grown to the R5 stage. A preliminary evaluation of 30 durum wheat and 74 flax lines indicated large variations in grain Cd level of durum wheat and flax. Grain Cd concentration ranged from 0.11 to 0.34 mg Cd kg^-1 DW for durum wheat, and 0.14 to 1.37 mg Cd kg^-1 DW for flax, respectively. This variability indicates that breeding for low grain Cd in durum wheat and flax should be feasible. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

放牧制度对短花针茅草原植物群落的影响

通过对划区轮牧与连续放牧两种制度对荒漠草原植物群落的影响的比较研究，从植物角度探讨在家庭牧场的生产实践中适合的放牧制度。结果表明：轮牧制度对草群影响较小，优良牧草在草群中的重量比与重要值高于连续放牧制；牧草现存量轮牧制下的草场高于连续放牧制，草地牧草生产力连续放牧下的高于划区轮牧，但多年生牧草生产力低于划区轮牧；暖季连续放牧下草群营养早期高于轮牧区，秋末则低于轮牧区，表现出较大的变化幅度。整体上划区轮牧下的草群状况接近于未放牧的围栏封育小区，相比之下连续放牧下的草群状况有较大偏离。     

连作和感病对烟株根际土壤真菌群落结构的影响

【目的】了解连作及其与根腐病感染对烟株根际土壤真菌群落结构及多样性的影响,为连作土壤微生态环境定向调控和根腐病精准防治提供理论依据和技术指导。【方法】分别选取连作2,4和8年烟田健株（依次记为HT2、HT4、HT8）和根腐病感病烟株（依次记为ST2、ST4、ST8）根际土壤,以同区域撂荒2年以上耕层土壤为对照（CK）,测定不同处理土壤理化性质,利用高通量测序技术分析不同连作年限烟田健株和病株根际土壤真菌群落组成和多样性的差异,并基于冗余分析探讨了土壤化学性质与真菌群落分布的相关性。【结果】与对照（CK）相比,连作和感病降低了烟株根际土壤真菌群落的丰富度和多样性。健株根际土壤真菌优势菌群累积相对丰度总和小于病株。属水平上,连作2年和4年烟田健株和病株根际土壤镰刀菌属（Fusarium）相对丰度增幅为81.3%～665.1%,随连作年限的延长,健株和病株根际土壤淡紫紫孢菌属（Purpureocillium）相对丰度降幅为295.2%～1 387.1%;种水平上,健株和病株根际土壤茄腐镰刀菌（Fusarium solani）相对丰度增幅为88.5%～844.3%。土壤指示物种相对丰度随连作年限的延长而降低。土壤化学性质与真菌群落丰度密切关联,其中pH值和速效钾含量是影响连作和感病烟株根际土壤真菌群落分布的核心环境因子。【结论】连作和感病降低了烟株根际土壤真菌群落及有益菌群落的丰富度和多样性,但提高了病原菌的相对丰度,茄腐镰刀菌可能是引起试验烟株根腐病的主要病原菌。     

Urban evictions,public housing and the gendered rationalisation of kampung life in Jakarta

The dispossession of urban communities across class and racial lines is a global phenomenon linked to the expansion of international investment in the development of ‘exemplary’ city space. However, city evictions are also historically informed and gendered processes which are continuous with past colonial and postcolonial urban rationalisation projects. Drawing on testimonies of women evictees in Jakarta, as well as interviews with public housing managers, this article details the gendered nature of the rationalisation of urban life in the context of a contemporary evictions regime. We argue that the rationalisation of urban space serves to sharpen the gender order by placing material constraints on women's roles, limiting their economic activities and defining them as hygiene‐responsible housewives. Further, and in turn, the limited provision of ‘rusunawa’ public housing, which we show to be a gendered spatial and social transition informed by state doctrine on the family, provides the state with justification for dispossession itself. Finally, women's everyday acts of refusal and resistance show not only that kampung forms of social life continue to be preserved in Jakarta, but also that rationalisation itself is a negotiated and contingent process.     

薏苡种子质量标准研究

薏苡为贵州优质特色杂粮,种植面积全国最大,种子市场需求量大,目前市场缺乏薏苡优质种子质量评价检验标准。研究通过对薏苡种子的净度、千粒重、含水量、发芽率、发芽势和发芽指数等指标的测定与统计分析,初步建立薏苡优质种子质量评价检验标准。     

LED-Induced Chlorophyll Fluorescence Spectral Analysis for the Early Detection and Monitoring of Cadmium Toxicity in Maize Plants

Chlorophyll fluorescence spectral analysis permits detection, monitoring, and evaluation of abiotic stresses upon healthy plants using illumination of a light source in the UV?CVIS spectral range. This technique indirectly assesses the amount of physiological stress caused by photosynthetic damage, specifically damage to photosystem II, in plants. The objective of this study was to detect the toxicity of cadmium in maize plants via spectral analysis of chlorophyll fluorescence. The analysis is noninvasive and nondestructive and is used to follow the temporal evolution of changes in the chlorophyll content and physiological state of Zea mays L. seedlings under cadmium stress. Conventional techniques were also used to evaluate the dry matter production and Cd accumulation in plant leaves. Plants exhibited a notable reduction in dry matter production and chlorophyll levels with the administration of increasing doses of Cd in the nutrient solution. The fluorescence analysis was sensitive to changes caused by Cd in maize plants, detecting damage caused by different treatments before visual symptoms were observed. This technique has a practical application and produces rapid results that can be used in the evaluation of Cd-induced stress in plants and the detection of areas contaminated by this element.     

超级杂交稻干物质生产特点与产量稳定性研究

 【目的】探明超级杂交稻在不同种植地点和不同施肥量条件下的产量表现及干物质生产特点。【方法】于2004～2005年在湖南省桂东、长沙、衡阳、南县和永州5个地点进行大田试验,按照N﹕P2O5﹕K2O为1﹕0.5﹕1的比例,设置3种施肥量处理（135、180、225 kg N•ha-1）,田间采用随机区组排列,4次重复,以超级杂交稻组合准两优527和两优293为试验材料。【结果】超级杂交稻收获产量以桂东点产量最高,地点间差异显著,其中准两优527平均为7 492.3～12 209.2 kg•ha-1,两优293为6 984.0～11 679.5 kg•ha-1。产量构成因子和干物质生产量的地点间变化与收获产量一致,但在同一地点的不同施肥量处理间收获产量和干物质生产量差异均不显著。收获产量与单位面积穗数、结实率和千粒重表现为正相关,而与每穗粒数表现为负相关。【结论】超级杂交稻存在适宜的种植区域,且在施肥量为135～225 kg N•ha-1的范围内,施肥量不是超高产栽培的限制因子。超级杂交稻的库容量大,提高结实率和粒重是获得超高产的可能途径。     

RP-HPLC法测定鸡肉组织中的嘧菌酯残留量

利用反相高效液相色谱法测定鸡肉组织中嘧菌酯杀菌剂残留量,色谱条件是Shim-pack VP-ODS 色谱柱,乙腈/水(75/25,V/V)溶液为流动相,流速0.6 mL/min,检测波长225 nm.在该色谱条件下,嘧菌酯能较好地分离,在0.03～12.40 μg/mL(r=0.9994)的浓度范围内与峰面积呈良好的线性关系,检测限为0.01μg/mL.结果表明,该法简便快速,可应用于实际鸡肉组织中嘧菌酯的测定.