Einfluß von Monoethanolamin auf Ertrag und Wasserausnutzung von Sommergerste

Effect of monoethanolamine on yield and water use efficiency of barley The effect of monoethanolamine (EA) on yield and water use efficiency (WUE) of spring barley plants was tested in pot experiments. The application of EA (8 to 12 mg/pot) increased the grain yield and WUE by about 4 to 15 per cent under stress conditions. In addition, EA improved the utilization of fertilizer nitrogen. The yield-increasing effect of EA was associated with an increase of the number of ear-bearing tillers and an improved root growth. The effects of EA were only significant at α = 0.05.     

Spatial analysis of seroconversion of sentinel cattle to bluetongue viruses in Queensland

Objective To assess quantitatively the spatial distribution of seroconversion of Queensland cattle to bluetongue viruses.
Design A sentinel herd study. Sample population Sixty-nine sentinel herds at 30 locations.
Procedure Spatial clustering of seroconversion to blue-tongue viruses was investigated during the period from 1990 to 1994.
Results Seroconversion to only two bluetongue virus serotypes, 1 and 21, was observed. The 14 herds, in which seroconversion to bluetongue virus serotype 1 was detected, were located only along the eastern coastal and subcoastal region of Queensland, and were significantly (P < 0.05) clustered. Locations at which seroconversion to serotype 21 was detected, were not significantly clustered. The results generally agree with field observations, except for the failure to detect seroconversion to bluetongue viruses in north-western Queensland.
Conclusion Bluetongue infection of cattle in north-western Queensland may be temporally sporadic. The dominance of serotype 1 in the Queensland cattle population may be the result of differential transmission by potential vector species. Long-term surveillance programs are important for defining disease status of animal populations.     

Serological (Em2-ELISA) and parasitological examinations of fox populations for Echinococcus multilocularis infections

Serum or body fluid samples of 1,006 foxes were investigated in an ELISA for antibodies against a highly sensitive and specific antigen (Em2-antigen) of Echinococcus multilocularis. Parasitological examinations of the intestines and simultaneous serological examinations were carried out in 505 foxes: A group of 98 blue foxes (Alopex lagopus) from Norwegian fox farms did not contain intestinal stages of E. multilocularis and was clearly sero-negative in Em2-ELISA. On the other hand in red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) originating from European areas known to be endemic for E. multilocularis the following average prevalence rates were found: 244 foxes from Southern Germany, E. multilocularis prevalence 55% and sero-prevalence 60%; 139 foxes from Austria, E. multilocularis prevalence 4% and sero-prevalence 12%. Serological identification of individual foxes with or without intestinal E. multilocularis infection was not possible. Only serological (no parasitological) examination in 402 foxes originating from endemic areas in Switzerland resulted in a sero-prevalence rate of 37%. Sero-prevalence was only 6% and 4% in 54 and 26 other foxes, respectively, originating from Swiss and German areas where E. multilocularis has not yet been reported. Negative control Norwegian (farmed) silver foxes (n = 43) were all sero-negative. The specificity of the Em2-ELISA was confirmed by negative Em2-serologies with sera from dogs infected with intestinal and tissue dwelling helminth species (with the exception of two from 24 dogs infected with E. granulosus).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

A cross-sectional study to show Eperythrozoon ovis infection is prevalent in Western Australian sheep farms

A serological survey and risk factor study was conducted to estimate the prevalence of Eperythrozoon ovis infection in Western Australian weaner sheep, the prevalence of farms with infected sheep, and to identify factors affecting initiation and maintenance of infection on the farm. The study was conducted on 91 farms, purposively chosen from 41 randomly selected regional shires stratified by sheep number and rainfall zones. Twenty sheep were selected systematically from a mixed-sex flock on each farm and tested for serum antibody to E ovis using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Information on putative risk factors was collected using an interview questionnaire. Antibody to E ovis was detected in 4.5% of sheep on 47% of the farms sampled. The prevalence of E ovis infection in sheep was estimated at the 95% confidence level to be between 3.6 and 5.5%, and the prevalence of farms with infected sheep was estimated to be between 37.5 and 56.5%. Most farms with serological evidence of infection occurred in the Great Southern agricultural region (79.5%), south-east of Perth through to Albany (latitude 32 to 34 degrees S, longitude 116 to 120 degrees E), and in the Northern region (12.8%) surrounding Geraldton (latitude 29 degrees S, longitude 114 degrees E). There were significantly more farms (P less than 0.05) with evidence of infection in the Great Southern region compared to the Central region between Geraldton and Perth, and on farms in the region south compared to north of latitude 32 degrees S. None of the putative risk factors examined in the questionnaire were associated with serological evidence of infection on the farm.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

The ultrastructure of germinating conidia of Penicillium digitatum inhibited by sec-butylamine

Electron micrographs of germinating conidia of P. digitatum showed osmiophilic inclusions scattered in the ground plasm or located within membrane-bound vacuoles where they were associated with various membranes and “myelin-like” structures. Cytochemical studies suggested that the osmiophilic inclusions within the vacuoles contained phospholipids and proteins. These phospholipoprotein inclusions may provide precursors needed for the assembly of membrane-bound organelles formed during germination. In conidia germinated in the presence of fungistatic concentrations of sec-butylamine (SBA) the vacuoles enlarged and the phospholipoprotein inclusions decreased in size and appeared to disintegrate and give rise to membrane-bound vesicles. SBA may deprive the conidium of materials normally utilized for membrane formation by the developing organelles.     

Kritische umweltbelastungen landwirtschaft (kul) ‐ eine methode zur analyse und bewertung der ökologischen situation von landwirtschaftsbetrieben

Es wird eine Methode vorgestellt, die es erlaubt, die ökologische Situation unterschiedlicher Landwirtschaftsbetriebe und Landnutzungssysteme einzuschätzen und vergleichend zu bewerten. Die Methode basiert auf der Quantifizierung von Gefährdungspotentialen und Festlegung einer kritischen Belastung, oberhalb der ökologische Schäden auftreten, die Nachhaltigkeit gefährdet ist oder ein begründetes Besorgnis vorliegt. Durch vergleichende Bewertung der quantifizierten Kriterien mit diesen kritischen Belastungen können ökologische Defizite erkannt und Korrekturerfordernisse abgeleitet werden. Gleichzeitig bilden die erarbeiteten Kritischen Umweltbelastungen Landwirtschaft (KUL) einen Rahmen begründeter Grenzwerte, der kontrollfähig die Umweltverträglichkeit von Landwirtschaftsbetrieben sichert und integrierte Landbauverfahren operationalisiert.     

Switchable surfactants

Many industrial applications that rely on emulsions would benefit from an efficient, rapid method of breaking these emulsions at a specific desired stage. We report that long-chain alkyl amidine compounds can be reversibly transformed into charged surfactants by exposure to an atmosphere of carbon dioxide, thereby stabilizing water/alkane emulsions or, for the purpose of microsuspension polymerization, styrene-in-water emulsions. Bubbling nitrogen, argon, or air through the amidinium bicarbonate solutions at 65 degrees C reverses the reaction, releasing carbon dioxide and breaking the emulsion. We also find that the neutral amidines function as switchable demulsifiers of an aqueous crude oil emulsion, enhancing their practical potential.     

巴美肉羊INHA和INHBA基因多态性与产羔数关系研究

为了研究INHA和INHBA这两个基因对巴美肉羊产羔数的影响,采用PCR-SSCP技术检测抑制素α亚基(α-inhibin,INHA)和βA亚基(βA-inhibin,INHBA)基因在巴美肉羊中的单核苷酸多态性。结果发现,引物1,4,6扩增片段有多态性,其余3对引物的扩增片段均不存在多态性。引物1,巴美肉羊有2种基因型AB型和AA型,平均产羔数AB型比AA型多0.17只(P<0.01)。引物4,巴美肉羊存在3种基因型(CC、DD和CD),巴美肉羊平均产羔数DD型比CC型多0.44只(P<0.01)。引物6,巴美肉羊有3种基因型(EE、FF和EF),EE型比EF型平均产羔数多0.21只(P<0.01),结果表明,抑制素α亚基(α-inhibin,INHA)和βA亚基(βA-inhibin,INHBA)基因是影响巴美肉羊产羔数的重要基因。