Perceptions of veterinarians and clients to expressions of clinical uncertainty

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to explore the attitudes of veterinarians and clients towards expressions of clinical uncertainty. METHODS: Questionnaires that assessed the respondent's attitudes towards expressions of clinical uncertainty were completed by clients at six small animal practices. In addition, questionnaires that evaluated what veterinarians thought their client's attitudes would be towards expressions of clinical uncertainty were completed by veterinarians. The responses from clients and veterinarians were statistically compared. RESULTS: Veterinarians significantly underestimated the desire of clients to be told about uncertainties in treatment and significantly overestimated how the expression of uncertainty would generally reduce client confidence. Veterinarians significantly overestimated the loss of client confidence resulting from saying "I am not sure about this" and from asking a nurse for advice. Both clients and veterinarians considered that verbal expressions of uncertainty would lead to a greater reduction in client confidence than behavioural expressions of uncertainty. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: This study suggests that most clients want to be told about their veterinarian's clinical uncertainties, and how this uncertainty is expressed can markedly influence client confidence.     

Clinical, humoral and IFNgamma responses of cattle to infection with Mycoplasma mycoides var. mycoides small colony and attempts to condition the pathogenesis of the infection

Contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP), caused by Mycoplasma mycoides var. mycoides small colony (MmmSC), is one of the most important diseases of cattle in Africa. The role of innate or acquired cell mediated and humoral immunity in conferring protection against MmmSC infection has not yet been elucidated. On the other hand, the pathological lesions caused by the aetiological agent have been considered indicative of an immunopathological process. In this study ten na?ve cattle were exposed to in-contact infection with animals infected by intubation with a strain of MmmSC. Clinical signs, antibody response, IFNgamma release and pathological changes at necropsy were analysed and compared with the events following in-contact infection of an equal number of animals kept under daily treatment with cyclosporine for the entire observation period of 84 days. Cyclosporine is a suppressor of the immune response related to the T-cell system. Under the conditions of the experiment, cyclosporine appeared to condition the pathogenesis of CBPP by delaying the events that follow infection, bringing further support to the possibility that the immune response may have an impact on the disease outcome.     

Respond of Stock Trading Volume to Earning Report

Earning report is a main accounting report that transmits earning information to users. It is the core of financial reports system. Earning information is significant to users' decision making. This paper studies the respond of stock trading volume to earning report and draws the curve of trading volume before and after earning report. This paper further does a regression analysis of accidental earning and abnormal return rate, and draws the relation curve of them on the earning report date to prove stock trading volume does have remarkable respond to earning report. This research is significant to either lessen small investors blindness investment and help them make reasonable forecast to markets and regulate the disclosure of listed companies.     

田间土壤特性的空间相关结构分析及其分布描述

本文对雄县试区试验田的土壤特性空间变异性进行经典统计分析，并利用地质统计学半方差分析法定量描述土壤特性的空间相关结构，然后使用Ｋｒｉｇｉｎｇ最优内插估值法得到了田间土壤特性参数的空间分布等值图。分析结果表明，该试验田０～１００ｃｍ土壤范围内的平均含水量不仅在整个空间分布上而且在纵横曲型剖面上都呈现出弱变异性，空间相关结构显著，相关距离约６０～８０ｍ。采用上述结论和等值图不但能减少样本采样的数量和密度，还能根据田间含水量的空间分布特征合理布点采样，实施土壤墒情的科学监测。     

Fractional Distribution of Lead and Cadmium in Sludge and Soil Amended with Sludge Compost

Sludge is produced wherever sewage purification takes place. The amount of municipal dry sludge in China is more than 5.0×106 t per year. There are lots of soil nutrients, such as nitrogen, phosphorus and or- ganic matters contained in sludge, but heavy …     

MicroLEIS: A microcomputer-based Mediterranean land evaluation information system

Abstract. A computer-based land evaluation information system (MicroLEIS) was developed for optimal use of agricultural and forestry land systems under Mediterranean conditions. Through an interactive procedure several land capability, suitability and yield prediction methods may be applied. The system addresses land evaluation at reconnaissance, semi-detailed and detailed scales in an interrelated manner. Biophysical land evaluation methods are incorporated using empirical, scale-appropriate models, which range from purely qualitative (reconnaissance) through semi-quantitative (semi-detailed) to quantitative (detailed). This software is helpful for teaching, research and development, predicting appropriate agroforestry land uses. Its use is illustrated by an example.
MicroLEIS runs on IBM PC, XT, AT, or a compatible microcomputer with at least 128 kilobytes of RAM and a PC-DOS or MS-DOS version 2.0 or later operating system. The software package on double or high density diskettes can be obtained from the first author.     

景观园林施工设计及绿化养护技术要点分析

无论是景观园林施工还是绿化养护,均是城市环境建设的重要组成部分,与人们的生产生活 息息相关。大多数综合性景观园林施工面临成本难以控制的问题,因其工程量较大、施工周期较长、 周边环境复杂,整个施工过程不可预测的变数较多,施工成本和施工难度居高不下。文章主要就景观 园林施工设计及绿化养护技术要点进行了分析与阐述,意在提高景观园林施工及绿化养护的水平和 质量。     

不同控释氮肥运筹对粳稻养分吸收与氮素利用的影响

以绥粳18为供试材料,通过盆栽试验,在一次性施入控释氮肥免追肥条件下,设置不同施肥量(高、中、低、无)和施肥深度(5 cm、10 cm),探讨不同氮肥施用方式对粳稻养分吸收和氮素利用的影响。结果表明,在不同氮肥运筹条件下,粳稻各生育期氮、磷、钾的吸收、转运均存在明显的协同效应,施肥深度5 cm组,随着氮肥施用量的增加,粳稻的氮吸收总量增加,同时可促进磷的吸收,但影响幅度较小。钾变化与氮、磷变化有所不同。施肥深度10cm组,施高量氮肥抑制了粳稻对磷的吸收、减少了对氮的吸收,但有利于提高氮素利用率,对钾的吸收无显著影响。施用树脂包膜控释肥,纯氮用量为153 kg/hm^2、施肥深度5 cm、一次性施肥免追肥可获得最优水稻氮素利用效率并显著提高磷钾肥利用效率。     

An integrated rice panicle phenotyping method based on X-ray and RGB scanning and deep learning

Rice panicle phenotyping is required in rice breeding for high yield and grain quality.To fully evaluate spikelet and kernel traits without threshing and hulling,using X-ray and RGB scanning,we developed an integrated rice panicle phenotyping system and a corresponding image analysis pipeline.We compared five methods of counting spikelets and found that Faster R-CNN achieved high accuracy(R~2 of 0.99)and speed.Faster R-CNN was also applied to indica and japonica classification and achieved 91%accuracy.The proposed integrated panicle phenotyping method offers benefit for rice functional genetics and breeding.