基于小波分解的纹理分割的农机化应用研究

农业机械自动导航是农业自动化的重要标志之一,其中图像分割技术已成为农业机械导航的重要环节.为此,根据已收割和未收割的农作物图像具有不同纹理特征的性质,采用小波分解方法,对农作物图像的自动分割进行了大量实验研究,并且与纹理分割常用的Laws能量特征法进行了实验效果和运行效率对比.理论分析和实验结果均表明:基于小波分解的纹理分割方法,完全适用于农业机械导航中的农作物图像自动分割.     

集雨限灌对旱作马铃薯产量及水分利用效率的影响

在大田条件下研究了集雨有限补偿灌溉对旱区马铃薯产量及水分利用效率的影响。结果表明,补灌能显著提高旱作马铃薯的产量、水分利用效率和经济系数。与对照相比,补灌处理产量增幅在3.99%~21.21%之间,苗期补灌产量高于薯块膨大期补灌,苗期补灌45 mm具有超补偿效应,补灌90 mm具有高补偿效应。低定额补灌有利于水分利用效率和灌水利用效率的提高,且苗期补灌高于薯块膨大期补灌。补灌明显降低了薯块小薯率而提高了大薯率和中薯率,另外单株薯重也提高了,单株薯重与大薯率对马铃薯的产量贡献最大。综合分析认为苗期补灌45 mm和90 mm是最优补灌方案和备选方案。     

Use of reverse micelles for the simultaneous extraction of oil, proteins, and glucosinolates from cruciferous oilseeds

Cruciferous oilseeds are important sources of oil, proteins, and glucosinolates (GLs), potentially available when biorefinery processes are used. The proposed extraction technology is based on the use of reverse micelles (RMs) made with cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) dispersed in organic solvent. The physicochemical properties of this extraction system and the good water solubility of many high value compounds, such as GLs and some proteins, permit the simultaneous extraction of oil, and these products from cruciferous oilseed meals. This procedure is based on three main steps: (i) seed conditioning; (ii) solid-liquid extraction by RM solution; and (iii) back-transfer of the RM solution for recovery of the extracted compounds. The method makes it possible to simultaneously extract almost the same amount of oil as with pure organic solvents used in the current extraction plants and more than 90% of soluble proteins and GLs. It is a promising biorefinery technology alternative to traditional oil extraction processes.     

Synthesis of angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE)-inhibitory peptides and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) during sourdough fermentation by selected lactic acid bacteria

This article aimed at investigating the synthesis of angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE)-inhibitory peptides and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) during sourdough fermentation of white wheat, wholemeal wheat, and rye flours. Sourdough lactic acid bacteria, selected previously for proteinase and peptidase activities toward wheat proteins or for the capacity of synthesizing GABA, were used. The highest ACE-inhibitory activity was found by fermenting flour under semiliquid conditions (dough yield 330) and, especially, by using wholemeal wheat flour. Fourteen peptides, not previously reported as ACE-inhibitory, were identified from the water/salt-soluble extract of wholemeal wheat sourdough (IC 50 0.19-0.54 mg/mL). The major part of the identified peptides contained the well-known antihypertensive epitope VAP. The synthesis of GABA increased when the dough yield was decreased to 160. The highest synthesis of GABA (258.71 mg/kg) was found in wholemeal wheat sourdough.     

菊花幼嫩花瓣愈伤组织的诱导和植株再生

以菊花幼嫩花瓣作为供体材料,ＭＳ作为基本培养基,在激素组合为６ＢＡ１～３ｍｇ／Ｌ＋ＮＡＡ１ｍｇ／Ｌ或２,４ Ｄ１～３ｍｇ／Ｌ＋ＫＴ１ｍｇ／Ｌ的范围内均能诱导出愈伤组织,但以ＭＳ附加６ＢＡ２ｍｇ／Ｌ和ＮＡＡ１ｍｇ／Ｌ的诱导率最高,可达１００％。将愈伤组织转移到ＭＳ＋６ＢＡ２ｍｇ／Ｌ＋ＮＡＡ０２ｍｇ／Ｌ的培养基上,分化芽的频率为７７８％。将３ｃｍ左右的茎段转移到不含激素的ＭＳ培养基或ＭＳ＋ＮＡＡ０１ｍｇ／Ｌ的培养基上,生根率可达９５％以上。     

信阳土壤锌的现状及杂交水稻施锌技术研究

信阳地区位于河南省南部,土壤类型有黄棕壤、黄褐土、潮土、水稻土等。通过土壤普查,发现全区土壤表层速效锌含量普遍偏低,土壤缺锌已成为限制作物产量和品质的重要障碍因素。1994～1996年我们在对信阳土壤锌的现状进行分析的基础上,对杂交水稻施锌技术作了系统试验,结果表明,杂交水稻锌肥耖口基施30～45kg／hm2和蘸秧根3～9kg／hm2增产效果十分显著。     

运用致病毒素筛选抗烟草黑胫病细胞突变体Ⅱ 抗毒素愈伤组织的再生植株及其后代的抗病性鉴定

用黑胫病粗毒素作为选择压力, 结合辐射诱变技术, 从烟草花粉植株叶片的愈伤组织中筛选出抗毒素的愈伤组织, 并对其再生植株及其 Ｍ２ 代进行抗病性鉴定、选育． 目前已获得６ 个高抗黑胫病的细胞突变株系, 且抗病性状表现稳定, 并建立了一套烤烟抗黑胫病突变体的筛选和鉴定体系． 研究结果表明, 在细胞水平上筛选抗病突变体是开发新抗源的有效途径．     

水稻白叶枯病菌拮抗细菌B56菌株的拮抗活性研究

B56 菌株经30 ℃振荡培养去菌体,其上清液经2 m ol/L 硫酸铵沉淀获得对水稻白叶枯病菌有拮抗活性的初提液。该初提液具有耐热性,经一定强度热处理后仍保持强的抑菌能力;抑菌效果在pH3～9 之间无明显差异;用胰蛋白酶、蛋白酶K 等处理后拮抗活性无明显变化。利用PhenylSepharose CL-4B疏水色谱柱和DEAE-Sephacel阴离子交换柱分离B56 菌株初提液, 得到一个具有拮抗活性的洗脱峰。该洗脱峰经SDS-PAGE检测发现具有一条分子量约为36 kD 的蛋白带。质粒提取和检测发现B56菌株存在一个稳定的内源质粒。     

寒温带地区非生长季典型森林群落凋落物分解及养分释放

[目的]研究寒温带森林凋落物在非生长季的分解及养分释放特征,可为寒温带地区森林养分循环及森林生产力评价提供理论依据.[方法]选取寒温带地区4种典型森林(白桦林、山杨林、兴安落叶松林和樟子松林)为研究对象,采用埋袋法进行分解试验,分析秋季、冬季和春季冻融期凋落物分解和养分释放动态变化.[结果]秋季是非生长季凋落物质量损失...     

基于响应面法的杨树桑黄菌种液体培养基优化

杨树桑黄(Sanghuangporus vaninii)作为大型药用真菌,由于其生长年限长且开发不合理,导致其资源短缺,而通过液体发酵培养可以在短时间内得到大量菌丝体.本试验以菌丝体生物量为主要指标,对杨树桑黄液体培养基进行优化.通过响应面分析法对杨树桑黄液体培养基的碳源、氮源、无机盐进行筛选.结果表明:杨树桑黄ST菌...