Analysis of factors influencing prognosis in foals with septic arthritis

The purpose of this paper was to identify factors that would positively or negatively affect the short-term survival rate of foals with septic arthritis. Medical records of 81 foals (≤seven months of age) with a clinical diagnosis of septic arthritis, referred to the equine hospital at Cornell University Hospital for Animals, between 1994 and 2003 were reviewed. Signalment, age at presentation, number of affected joints, joint fluid parameters, bacterial agents, treatment modalities and year of treatment were compared between survivors and nonsurvivors. Sixty-two of 81 foals (77%) were discharged from the hospital and classified as 'survivors'. Multiple joint involvement and detection of intra-articular Gram-negative, mixed bacterial infection and degenerate neutrophils were negatively associated with short-term survival. Initiation of treatment within 24 hrs of onset of clinical signs and combination of treatment modalities were positively correlated with survival. Further investigation is needed to determine if these two factors have a similar influence on athletic performance.     

Colonic atresia in cattle: A prospective study of 43 cases

This prospective study was initiated to document the success rate obtained in the treatment of colonic atresia in calves, identify factors that influence survival rate, and to report the histopathological appearance of the proximal blind end of the ascending colon. Forty-three calves with intestinal obstruction due to colonic atresia were admitted to the Ontario Veterinary College between September 1982 and May 1986. Parameters recorded prospectively in this study included age, breed, sex, history, vital signs, acid-base and electrolyte status, location of intestinal atresia, medical and surgical management, and outcome. The typical history and clinical signs included failure to pass meconium or feces, decreased appetite, and progressive depression and abdominal distension. The most common site of colonic atresia was the midportion of the spiral loop of the ascending colon (n = 25). Of the 43 calves, three (7%) were euthanized at surgery, 21 (49%) died in the hospital, and 19 (44%) survived and were discharged from the hospital. Four of the surviving calves died subsequent to discharge giving an overall long-term (mean 15.9 months) survival rate of 35%. No significant risk factors were identified, although experienced surgeons showed a trend towards increased survival rate.     

Reverse phase liquid chromatographic determination of dexamethasone acetate and cortisone acetate in bulk drug substances and dosage forms: method development

The determination of the steroid acetates was evaluated for ruggedness of the method by using an octyldecylsilane column, 254 nm detection, and acetonitrile-water as mobile phase. Mobile phase pH, oven temperature, and columns from various manufacturers had no dramatic effect on the chromatography. The method was then optimized for dexamethasone acetate and cortisone acetate bulk drug and dosage forms. For dexamethasone acetate, the bulk drug substance should be dried at 105 degrees C before use, and the sample should be dissolved in 50% acetonitrile-buffer pH 6 for stability. Cortisone acetate, on the other hand, was found to be nonhygroscopic and hence could be used as received. For stability, the sample should be stored in 50% acetonitrile-buffer pH 4.     

Surgical repair of atresia jejuni in two calves.

Two Holstein calves with similar histories of not defecating since birth were determined to have atresia jejuni. Resection of the distended blind end of the jejunum and the remaining jejunum and ileum followed by a jejunocecostomy was performed. One calf died 7 months after surgery of unknown causes. The second calf has survived for greater than 1 year, and has maintained a growth rate similar to other calves its age. Atresia jejuni has been reported to be a universally fatal disorder of unknown pathogenesis. It has been postulated that intestinal atresia is caused by palpation of the amniotic vesicle at the time of pregnancy diagnosis, between days 36 and 42 of gestation.     

成年猪结肠肥大细胞的分布

成年猪结肠按常规制备石蜡切片,用甲苯胺蓝改良法显示肥大细胞.结果粘膜型肥大细胞(MMCs)主要分布于固有膜深层,不同部位结肠粘膜中MMCs的数量存在极显著差异(P＞0.01),结缔组织型肥大细胞(CTMCs)主要分布于粘膜下层且不存在数量上的区域性差异(P＞0.05).结论猪结肠MMCs的分布类型具有区域异质性特征.     

Failure of omasal transport attributable to perireticular abscess formation in cattle: 29 cases (1980-1986)

During a 7-year period, failure of omasal transport attributable to a perireticular abscess was diagnosed in 29 cows. Affected cattle were examined because of anorexia, hypogalactia, and bilateral abdominal distention. The cows were all female Holsteins, 15 months to 10 years old. The abscess was identified during exploratory celiotomy and rumenotomy or at necropsy. Traumatic reticuloperitonitis was believed to be the cause. Twenty-seven cattle (93%) were treated surgically. The abscess was drained into the reticulum or omasum in 25 cows (86%). Twenty-four cows (83%) survived to the time of discharge from the hospital, and 20 (69%) survived for at least 1 year and became productive members of the herd. This is a better survival rate than that reported for other causes of vagal indigestion.     

不同价态外源硒对冬小麦生长及生理代谢的影响

用盆栽试验研究了不同浓度外源硒(四价和六价)处理土壤对小麦生长和生理代谢的影响,旨在为富硒小麦的种植和开发提供理论依据。结果表明:外源硒抑制了苗期小麦的生长(株高和生物量);而在生长后期,随外源硒浓度增加表现为先促进后抑制作用。Se(Ⅳ)和Se(Ⅵ)处理对小麦生物量影响的EC10分别从苗期的1.40mg·kg-1和0.28mg·kg-1增加到收获期的28.48mg·kg-1和4.56mg·kg-1,表明小麦对硒的耐受浓度随生长时间的延长逐渐增大。Se(Ⅵ)低浓度(≤1mg·kg-1)对小麦生长的促进作用及高浓度(≥2.5mg·kg-1)对小麦生长的抑制作用均大于Se(Ⅳ)。小麦籽粒产量随外源Se(Ⅳ)和Se(Ⅵ)浓度的增大先升高而后降低,分别在2.5mg·kg-1和1mg·kg-1浓度处理时达到最大。低浓度硒处理(Se(Ⅳ)≤5mg·kg-1和Se(Ⅵ)≤0.5mg·kg-1)能促进拔节期小麦叶片中GSH和POD等抗氧化酶活性,显著降低叶片过氧化物质MDA(Se≤2.5mg·kg-1)含量,高浓度硒处理则与之相反。     

采用分子生物学技术分析不同施肥土壤中细菌多样性

 本研究探讨在小白菜栽培时，分别添加果蔬加工废弃物生产的堆肥和化肥对土壤微生物区系的影响。利用扩增16S rRNA基因来比较微生物群落的技术，分离出所有群落DNA，再以此DNA为模板，以专一性引物扩增出16S rRNA基因（rDNA）。随后建立16S rDNA基因文库后，再以计算机仿真的方式，选出能将上述引物扩增的16S rDNA基因中间切割成片段长度范围集中的一组限制性内切酶--AciI、BstUI、和RsaI。结果表明，无施肥土壤与添加堆肥土壤中微生物较接近。无施肥、添加堆肥、添加化肥土壤三者的微生物多样性指数分别为0.990、0.986和0.962；均匀度为0.979、0.977和0.931。     

油乳剂灭活疫苗不同接种途径的效力比较试验

采用北京市农林科学院畜牧兽医研究所免疫预防研究室制备的鸡新城疫、传染性支气管炎、减蛋综合征、传染性脑脊髓炎四联灭活疫苗,分别经颈背侧皮下、胸部肌肉及腿部肌肉共3个部位免疫SPF鸡,免疫后采血,测定ND、IB、EDS HI抗体,并用AEV VR株强毒攻击,攻毒后观察疫苗保护效果,比较不同接种部位对油乳剂灭活疫苗效力的影响。结果证明,经颈背侧皮下、胸部肌肉及腿部肌肉3个部位免疫均可产生同样好的免疫效力。     

Diversity,endemism and conservation of the freshwater crabs of China (Brachyura: Potamidae and Gecarcinucidae)

China lies at the heart of the global center of freshwater crab diversity in tropical Asia, where the 2 most diverse families occur: Potamidae (505 species, 95 genera) and Gecarcinucidae (344 species, 59 genera). China stands out as the country with the highest species richness of freshwater crabs globally. Its fauna comprises 243 species in 37 genera and in 2 families, and species discovery is still progressing at a rapid pace. The vast majority of the species are distributed in southwest, south central and eastern China in the Oriental zoogeographical region. China also stands out as having a highly endemic freshwater crab fauna at the species level (96%) and at the genus level (78%). Although the recent International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) red list conservation assessment found only 6 out of 228 species (2%) to be threatened (5 potamids and 1 gecarcinucid), the majority (more than 75%) of Chinese species are regarded as data deficient, so the number of threatened species is likely to be a serious underestimate. Threats from increasing habitat destruction and pollution are a major concern due to the rapidly growing economy and massive developments taking place in China. There is therefore an urgent need for increased species exploration and for the development of a conservation strategy for China's threatened (and potentially threatened) endemic freshwater crab species.