湖南重点产竹县竹产业发展现状与发展趋势

在总结湖南省重点产竹县竹产业发展现状的基础上,对比分析重点县的竹产业发展现状,剖析当前该省竹产业发展方面存在的主要问题,并提出了发展趋势。     

Frequent mutation of BAP1 in metastasizing uveal melanomas

Metastasis is a defining feature of malignant tumors and is the most common cause of cancer-related death, yet the genetics of metastasis are poorly understood. We used exome capture coupled with massively parallel sequencing to search for metastasis-related mutations in highly metastatic uveal melanomas of the eye. Inactivating somatic mutations were identified in the gene encoding BRCA1-associated protein 1 (BAP1) on chromosome 3p21.1 in 26 of 31 (84%) metastasizing tumors, including 15 mutations causing premature protein termination and 5 affecting its ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase domain. One tumor harbored a frameshift mutation that was germline in origin, thus representing a susceptibility allele. These findings implicate loss of BAP1 in uveal melanoma metastasis and suggest that the BAP1 pathway may be a valuable therapeutic target.     

甘薯发展前景及经济效益探讨

甘薯是重要的粮食、饲料作物,也是重要的工业原料及新型能源材料,市场前景广阔,种植效益不断攀升。通过对山西省临汾、运城、忻州市的重点甘薯产区进行调查,针对生产中存在的问题,提出了甘薯产业发展的相应对策。     

黄淮麦区不同生态型小麦籽粒灌浆特性分析

以目前河南省生产上推广的小麦品种和河南省洛阳市农业科学研究院新培育的小麦品种为材料,用Logisitic方程对黄淮麦区不同生态型小麦品种的籽粒灌浆过程进行了拟合;用变异系数法分析了各灌浆参数的变异大小,用相关分析研究了灌浆参数与粒重的关系。结果表明,旱地各灌浆参数变异系数均大于水地,水旱地品种均为T3、R3的变异系数较大,其次是R1和R;水地品种间Tmax和T差异小,相对稳定;旱地品种R2和T相对稳定。水地品种中,最大灌浆达到时间Tmax、最大灌浆速率Rmax、平均灌浆速率R和各阶段灌浆速率是影响其粒重的主要因素,其中R对粒重的影响达极显著水平;而对旱地品种,与粒重显著相关的灌浆参数为R3、R、T2。针对河南省豫西丘陵地区小麦灌浆后期常有干热风的气候特征,通过栽培措施协调不同生态型小麦品种灌浆速率与持续时间的矛盾,针对不同灌浆特点选育不同用途小麦品种,从而达到增加粒重、获得高产的目的。     

无定河中游左岸监测区潜伏的土壤退化问题及其对策研究

本文在对无定河中游左岸监测区流域内农林业生产基地及主要农业作物进行详细调研后,选取不同地形结构(坡地、梯田和坝地)、不同措施配置(乔木林、灌木林)等10种农业用地的地类,进行土壤理化指标监测,并对监测结果进行横向和纵向两个层面分析,发现各种地类的各类指标均存在着不同水平的退化趋势,并针对问题提出了3项治理措施。     

The dynamics of bacterial community in a polyculture aquaculture system of Penaeus chinensis,Rhopilema esculenta and Sinonovacula constricta

Polyculture with Chinese shrimp Penaeus chinensis, jellyfish Rhopilema esculenta and razor clam Sinonovacula constricta (S.J.R) is a common aquaculture system in Dandong, China. Investigation on the composition and function of microbial communities and their relationship with environmental factors in aquaculture systems have crucial implications. Therefore, the sequencing of 16S rRNA gene was applied to profile the bacterial community composition of water and sediment in S.J.R polyculture system in the present study. Proteobacteria was the dominant phylum in S.J.R polyculture ponds following with Actinobacteria and Bacteroidetes in water; in contrast, more diverse phyla were detected in sediments. Water temperature, pH and dissolved oxygen were determined the bacterial community composition in the S.J.R polyculture systems. Specially, Planktomarina, PS1 clade, Candidatus Aquiluna and Fibrobacteres, which can resist the phytoplankton blooms or degrade the cellulose, were more abundant in water at the early stage of cultivation in the S.J.R polyculture system. Moreover, the functions of bacterial communities in water were mainly associated with cell communication mediated, while the functions related to basal metabolism were enriched in sediments. The findings of this study allowed us to better understand the bacterial community in the S.J.R polyculture system and accumulated data for the improvement of cultural management.     

基于永磁操动机构的真空开关动力学特性分析

真空开关利用新型的永磁机构作为操动系统,具有较高的操作精度与可靠性。在建立了永磁操动机构动态特性数学模型的基础上,分析了永磁机构的运动特性。在试验过程中实测了真空开关的动态参数,将实测结果与理论计算进行分析比较,结果表明数学模型与计算方法准确可靠。     

转基因作物的生态环境安全性

转基因作物是一把“双刃剑”,既带来了巨大的经济效益,也给自然生态环境带来了一些不利影响。一是对非靶标生物的影响;二是基因逃逸问题;三是转基因作物生存优势的影响。但是,种植转基因作物可以减少农药对人畜的伤害,可以进行保护地耕作,可以利用转基因作物消除环境中的重金属等污染物。为此,必须对转基因作物的研究和利用采取一种系统的思维方式,对其过程要进行严格管理和监控。     

采煤沉陷对土壤侵蚀与土地利用的影响预测

中国新建和将建的煤矿区主要集中分布在生态脆弱的晋、陕、蒙区,生态环境压力大。正确预测采煤沉陷引发的人为加速土壤侵蚀与土地利用变化,可为生态脆弱煤矿区的生态恢复和重建提供依据。该文采用RS、GIS为手段进行信息提取和图形叠加,结合类比法和专家咨询法等,研究了山西大同塔山矿采煤沉陷引发的土壤侵蚀和土地利用的变化。结果表明：1)采煤后88.80%土地发生不同程度的沉陷。2)沉陷后土地年土壤侵蚀总量增加42.32～79.05万t,单位面积年侵蚀量增加了246.01～464.56 t/km²,侵蚀模数为2321.78～4335.64 t/(km²·a),部分地块沉陷后土壤侵蚀强度上升了一个等级。3)地表移动变形产生的裂缝、陷坑、塌方或小滑坡等,使农用地被分割而破碎、地块变小,其中,沉陷后旱地最小斑块面积为7.72 m²,有林地最小斑块面积为72.95 m²,灌木林地最小斑块面积为6.71 m²,疏林地最小斑块面积为75.79 m²,中覆盖度草地最小斑块面积为14.81 m²,低覆盖度草地最小斑块面积为9.44 m²。局部裂缝密集带,可造成土地毁坏。4)除工交用地和居民点用地外,原地貌沉陷后土地利用率,较原地貌降低10%的比例为14.05%,降低10%～20%(含10%)的比例为85.18%,降低20%(含20%)以上的比例为0.77%。     

咪鲜胺原药中微量2,4,6-三氯苯酚测定方法的研究

建立了高效液相色谱法测定咪鲜胺原药中微量2,4,6-三氯苯酚含量的方法。采用Hypersil BDS C18色谱柱,以甲醇/水(72/28 V/V)为流动相(每500mL流动相中含0.5g四丁基溴化铵),检测波长为296nm,2,4,6-三氯苯酚的质量浓度在0～871.2μg/L范围内线性关系良好,其线性相关系数为0.999 8;加标回收率为99.71%～102.02%,变异系数为1.14%,检出限为0.88μg/L。