几种常用渔药对三疣梭子蟹Portunus trituberculatus(Miers)稚蟹的急性毒性试验

采用常温静水实验法.对Ⅰ～Ⅱ期梭子蟹稚蟹(平均体长0.2～0.3 cm)进行急性毒性试验,结果表明:在水温26.2～27.8℃F,6种渔用药物对梭子蟹Ⅰ～Ⅱ期稚蟹的96 h半致死浓度(96 h LC50)分别为硫酸铜1.4 mg/L、纤虫清2.5 mg/L、清苔净16 mg/L、二氧化氯3.7 mg/L、强力杀菌消毒剂4.2 mg/L、二溴海因36.8 mg/L;安全浓度(Sc)分别为硫酸铜0.47 mg/L、纤虫清0.62mg/L、清苔净4.1 mg/L、强力杀菌消毒剂1.1 mg/L、二氧化氯1.1 mg/L、二溴海因13 mg/L.梭子蟹对上述药物的敏感性分别为硫酸铜＞纤虫清＞三氯异氰尿酸钠＞二氧化氯＞二溴海因＞清苔净.其中硫酸铜、纤虫清的安全浓度相对较低,在梭子蟹养殖过程当中应谨慎使用.     

我国秸秆人造板工业的发展现状及前景展望

分析了我国发展农作物秸秆人造板工业的必要性和可行性,概述了我国秸秆人造板工业的发展现状及发展过程中应注意的问题,并对我国秸秆人造板工业的发展前景进行了分析和展望,认为我国的秸秆人造板工业发展前景广阔,并将进入一个快速发展时期.     

柳叶腊梅叶乙醇提取物成分分析及其体外抗氧化研究

[目的]柳叶腊梅是我国特有品种,在民间常被畲族人民用于治疗感冒及肠胃不适,曾被誉为江西四大著名药材之一.柳叶腊梅叶中富含多种生物活性成分,其中,黄酮类化合物是柳叶腊梅叶中含量较高且具有生物活性的成分之一.通过鉴定柳叶腊梅叶乙醇提取物中的黄酮类化合物的成分组成,测定其体外抗氧化活性,确定其中主要抗氧化活性物质等,为柳叶腊...     

施用生防颗粒剂对大豆田土壤线虫群落结构和生物多样性的影响

针对大豆生长期内土壤线虫的变化，利用自行研制的生防颗粒剂豆丰一号对大豆田土壤线虫的群落结构和生物多样性进行了研究，共鉴定出5目14科的土壤线虫，其中植物寄生线虫是大豆根际土壤线虫的优势营养类群。与对照相比，生防颗粒剂处理在大豆的整个生育期抑制了土壤线虫总量和植物寄生线虫群体数量，但在大豆生育末期促进了食细茵线虫和杂食—捕食性营养类群的增加。应用多样性指数H’、成熟度指数MI、均匀度指数J’、丰富度指数SR、优势度指数l和植物寄生线虫成熟度指数PPI分析比较了处理区和对照区土壤线虫生物多样性变化规律，其中，多样性指数H’、丰富度指数SR和成熟度指数MI较好的反映了生防颗粒剂的施用对大豆田土壤线虫生物多样性的促进作用。     

油松大蚜的种群动态、有效积温及防治

通过野外调查和室内不同温度下饲养观察,对油松大蚜(Cinara formosana)生活史、种群动态、有效积温、天敌、物候预测和化学防治进行了研究。结果表明:油松大蚜1年可发生8代,6月中旬分化出有翅孤雌蚜并扩散,10月上旬性蚜交配产卵,以卵越冬;油松大蚜种群数量1年内有2个高峰期,分别在6月上旬和9月上旬,8月上旬—8月中旬种群数量最低;油松大蚜不同虫态的发生与山桃(Prunus davidiana)、连翘(Forsythia suspense)、龙爪槐(Sophora japonica)和火炬树(Rhus typhina)的一些物候相吻合,可通过观察这些植物的物候来预测油松大蚜各虫态发生情况;油松大蚜优势天敌依次为异色瓢虫(Leis axyridis)、七星瓢虫(Coccinella septempunctata)、蚜茧蜂(未鉴定);油松大蚜4个龄期的若虫及全世代的发育起点温度分别为4.5、6.7、5.9、7.7、3.1℃,有效积温分别为48.6、49.3、67.4、62.7、291.7日·度;胶带-药膜法防治油松大蚜效果显著,14 d后处理区校正虫口减退率可达80%以上。     

不同施磷方式对海岛棉农艺性状及产量的影响

在新疆生态条件下,采用海岛棉新海35号研究同等用量3种施磷方式(犁地前全部撒施、犁地前撒施50%与作种肥施50%和全部作种肥施)对棉花农艺性状及产量的影响。结果表明:施磷方式对棉花生育进程的影响较小,各处理对新海35号棉花的农艺性状没有显著性的影响,P1处理可略为提高棉花花铃期叶面积指数,其中P1处理会略提高棉花后期的干物质积累量,以P1、P2处理的方式施磷肥,棉花的单株结铃数可提高4%~7%皮棉产量可提高12%~14.8%。     

The dynamics of bacterial community in a polyculture aquaculture system of Penaeus chinensis,Rhopilema esculenta and Sinonovacula constricta

Polyculture with Chinese shrimp Penaeus chinensis, jellyfish Rhopilema esculenta and razor clam Sinonovacula constricta (S.J.R) is a common aquaculture system in Dandong, China. Investigation on the composition and function of microbial communities and their relationship with environmental factors in aquaculture systems have crucial implications. Therefore, the sequencing of 16S rRNA gene was applied to profile the bacterial community composition of water and sediment in S.J.R polyculture system in the present study. Proteobacteria was the dominant phylum in S.J.R polyculture ponds following with Actinobacteria and Bacteroidetes in water; in contrast, more diverse phyla were detected in sediments. Water temperature, pH and dissolved oxygen were determined the bacterial community composition in the S.J.R polyculture systems. Specially, Planktomarina, PS1 clade, Candidatus Aquiluna and Fibrobacteres, which can resist the phytoplankton blooms or degrade the cellulose, were more abundant in water at the early stage of cultivation in the S.J.R polyculture system. Moreover, the functions of bacterial communities in water were mainly associated with cell communication mediated, while the functions related to basal metabolism were enriched in sediments. The findings of this study allowed us to better understand the bacterial community in the S.J.R polyculture system and accumulated data for the improvement of cultural management.     

GENOTYPIC DIFFERENCES IN ROOT MORPHOLOGY AND PHOSPHORUS UPTAKE KINETICS IN BRASSICA NAPUS UNDER LOW PHOSPHORUS SUPPLY

Application of phosphorus (P) fertilizer is important in crop production because of the low bioavailability of phosphorus to plants in both acidic and calcareous soils. Although rapeseed (Brassica napus) is generally sensitive to P deficiency, different cultivars differ widely in this respect. Differences in P uptake and utilization between two rapeseed cultivars, one P-efficient (‘97081’) and one P-inefficient (‘97009’), were evaluated in solution culture by studying the changes in root morphology and parameters of P uptake kinetics in response to low-P stress. The P-efficient cultivar had lower Km and Cmin values and higher Vmax and developed longer and denser lateral root hair with greater number of root tips and branches under low-P stress, which resulted in a better developed root system and more efficient uptake of P. That, in turn, led to higher concentration and accumulation of P in the plants, culminating in higher biomass production. However, P utilization efficiency (biomass production per unit P accumulated in plant) of the P-efficient ‘97081’ was lower than that of ‘97009’ when P was deficient. These results suggest that P efficiency in rapeseed is due to a better developed root system as well as efficient uptake of P.     

不同有机肥对采煤塌陷区土壤氮素矿化动态特征研究

为揭示不同有机肥对煤矿复垦土壤氮素矿化特性的影响,以山西省孝义市水峪煤矿采煤塌陷复垦土壤为研究对象,采用室内好气培养法,研究在40%含水量和30℃培养条件下,施用3种有机肥(鸡粪、猪粪、牛粪)后在0~161天的氮素矿化动态特征,以明确不同有机肥对该矿区复垦土壤氮素矿化特征,从而预估不同有机肥的供氮特性,为合理施用有机肥进行低产农田的培肥改造提供科学依据。结果表明:(1)各处理0~14天铵态氮含量均随培养时间的延长迅速下降,与培养时间呈极显著负相关关系(P<0.01),14~161天土壤铵态氮含量维持在较低水平,培养结束时,各处理铵态氮含量均低于1.31mg/kg。(2)各处理土壤硝态氮含量、累积量及矿质氮累积量变化均呈近似的“S”形曲线递增,表现为0~56天缓慢增加,56~84天迅速增加,84天至培养结束(161天)其含量基本不变。培养结束时不同处理间硝态氮含量、累积量及矿质氮累积量整体上均表现为鸡粪>猪粪>牛粪>空白,且鸡粪较猪粪和牛粪处理间存在显著差异,猪粪和牛粪较空白处理间存在显著差异(P<0.05)。(3)不同施肥处理出现氮素净矿化的时间点不同,其中鸡粪处理在第14天时最早出现净矿化现象,而猪粪和牛粪在培养28天后才出现明显的氮素净矿化。(4)不同施肥处理在培养的不同阶段硝态氮和矿质氮累积速率不同,但整体趋势一致,表现为培养0~84天各处理土壤累积矿化波动较大,56~84天达到峰值,培养84~161天各处理矿化速率平稳下降。总体来看,有机肥的施入能有效促进煤矿复垦土壤氮素矿化,从而提高土壤氮素有效性。其中,施鸡粪较猪粪和牛粪对提高矿区复垦土壤有效氮效果更好。4种处理的氮素矿化效果总体表现为鸡粪>猪粪>牛粪>空白。     

利用SAR影像与多光谱数据反演广域土壤湿度

针对基于主动微波遥感途径开展广域土壤湿度反演的过程中,对植被和土壤粗糙度影响难以进行有效估算的问题,该研究联合多极化雷达和原始多光谱数据源,提出一种改进的卷积神经网络(Improved Convolutional Neural Network,ICNN)方法。该方法采用不同尺寸的卷积核对原始变量进行一维卷积运算,自适应提取能反映测区土壤湿度时空差异的高级特征维;同时,去除了传统卷积神经网络结构中的池化层,保证提取的特征信息完整。试验结果表明,在边长超过100 km的四川盆地研究区域内,模型预测值与样本数据相关系数达到0.934,预测值偏差服从均值趋近于0的正态分布,均方根误差为1.45%,误差分布范围小于6.3%,结果具有较高的可靠性。该方法可为精准农业、旱涝灾害等领域的广域监测研究提供一定的支撑。