Zur Problematik des Stehendbefalls durch den Großen Waldgärtner,Blastophagus piniperda L.

Zusammenfassung Um Grundlagen für die Behandlung von Kiefernbeständen mit Stehendbefall durch den Großen Waldgärtner zu erarbeiten, wurden im Juli 1984 im Kirchenstiftswald Lindenhardt bei Bayreuth 3 Beobachtungsflächen angelegt. In diesen Flächen wiesen 53% der untersuchten Kiefern Einbohrungen auf. An 19 befallenen Bäumen wurde die vertikale Verteilung der Einbohrungen am Stamm erfaßt. Bestandsbildende Kiefern wurden häufiger als unterdrückte und zurückgebliebene Kiefern befallen; Bäume mit gebrochenem Wipfel wurden nicht bevorzugt attackiert. Von den 105 Kiefern der 3 Flächen wurde bis zum Herbst 1985 kein Baum durch den Großen Waldgärtner zum Absterben gebracht; der durchschnittliche Benadelungszustand der Kiefern veränderte sich über den Beobachtungszeitraum nicht. Anhand der erhobenen Daten wird die waldbauliche Behandlung von Kiefernbeständen bei Waldgärtner-Stehendbefall diskutiert.

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Problems of infesting standing trees byBlastophagus piniperda L.

Since July 1984 three plots of pine forest attacked byBlastophagus piniperda were studied near Bayreuth in Northern Bavaria. 53% of the examined trees were infested; in 19 of the trees the verticale distribution of the bore-holes was studied. The stand forming pines were more often infested than the suppressed ones (and the laggards), and trees with broken crowns were not preferred to others by the bark beetles. Up to autumn 1985 none of the 105 trees in the three plots were killed byB. piniperda. The average state of foliation of the pines did not change during the observation period. Based on the results of this study silvicultural measures in the management of pine forests attacked byB. piniperda are discussed.

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Mit einer Abbildung und 4 Tabellen     

Berichte

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Effects of chemical treatments on ultra-high-yield pulping 1. Fiber separation

Summary Specially designed wood blocks from Norway spruce were used to study the nature of the fracture surfaces developed in shear using a tensile tester. In the case of the control (water-soaked blocks), the fracture in the latewood takes place mainly in the S₁ layer while in the earlywood the fracture occurs across the double cell wall. After dilute alkali treatment, some earlywood cells also fracture in the S₁ layer. For sulfite-treated samples, on the other hand, both earlywood and latewood fracture in the middle lamella.Financial support from the Empire State Paper Research Associates (ESPRA) is greatly appreciated     

Über die Eignung einiger Winterkulturen und Winterunkräuter als Wirtspflanzen von Wurzelnematoden in Ägypten

Host-reaction of three winter field crops in comparison with four winter weeds toMeloidogyne javanica was evaluated in a pot-experiment. The results indicated that the weedVicia calcarata was the highly infected one. On contrary, no infection took place at all in the roots of the weedsCoronopus sequamatus andAnagallis arvensis. In the roots of winter field crops,Vicia faba cultivar (Giza, 3) was highly infected withM. javanica, and followed byTrifolium alexandrinum cultivar (Miskawy) in a decreasing order. No infection took place in the roots ofTriticum vulgare cultivar (Giza, 157). Finally, it could be concluded thatVicia calcarata has a great role as a source of infestation ofM. javanica to the main winter field crops, i. e.,Vicia faba (Giza, 3) andTrifolium alexandrinum (Miskawy), where, it is intercropping in. So, controlling weeds is an important factor in reducing nematode population.     

Lebenszyklus von Meloidogyne incognita acrita (Kofoid & White) Chitwood (Nematoda,Heteroderidae) in Wurzeln der Baumwolle,Gossypium barbadense L

The incubation period ofM. incognita acrita eggs took 24–72 hours till the appearance of the second larval stage hatching from eggs in the laboratory at 25±5°C and at 60±5 R. H. The second larval stage, was observed in cotton roots 48 hours after the addition of it to soil beside cotton seedlings. The 3rd and 4th larval stage and adult female were observed in cotton roots 7, 11, and 24 days, respectively, after the addition of second larval stage to soil beside cotton seedlings. The total life cycle ofM. incognita acrita on cotton, (Gossypium barbadense) lasted for 33–38 days, at 25±5°C and at 60±5 R. H.     

Zur Pathogenität von Meloidogyne javanica (Treub) Chitw. (Nematod., Heteroderidae) bei der Kuherbse (Vigna unguiculata) in drei verschiedenen Bodentypen

Average numbers ofMeloidogyne javanica larvae and females in cowpea roots in sandy soil and sandy clayloam were significantly higher (at 5% level) than that of calcareous soil. The highest root-knot nematode population (68.3 ind./plant) was in sandy clay-loam soil, followed by sandy soil (25.8 ind./plant). The lowest was in calcareous soil (6.3 ind./plant).     

Wirkungen von zwei Insektenwachstumshemmern auf die Eiablage und Eier vonHeliothis armigera (Hb.) (Lep., Noctuidae)

The effect of two insect growth inhibitors (PH-6040 and H-24108) on the fecundity, hatchability, viability and sterility of eggs laid by treatedHeliothis armigera female moths had been studied. Moths treated with these compounds laid less number of eggs than untreated moths. The egg laying capacity decreased as the concentration of any compound increased and vice versa. The same trend could be applied for egg hatchability and sterility as being affected by insect growth inhibitors and their concentrations.     

A temperature-driven model to simulate the population development of the Plum Fruit Moth,Cydia funebrana (Treit.)

A simulation model of the flight activity ofCydia funebrana was constructed on the basis of data on male captures in pheromone traps placed in a plum orchard in Central Bohemia in 1988 to 1990. The model was verified from 1991 to 1993 as a method of predicting the course of the emergence flight activity of particular generations in dependence on degree day values. The nonlinear model based on Richards' transformation was more suitable for the simulation than the linear one based on probit transformation. A technique has been proposed to use the model ofC. funebrana flight activity for optimal timing of ovicide applications based on fenoxycarb and diflubenzuron in systems of integrated pest management in plum orchards.With 3 figures and 4 tables     

Wirkung von ätherischem öl ausAcorus calamus (L.)-Rhizomen und β-Asaron auf den großen KornbohrerProstephanus truncatus (Horn) (Coleoptera,Bostrichidae)

In the early 1980s,Prostephanus truncatus (Horn) spread out uncontrollably in aras south of the Sahara, having been brought in by imported maize from tropical regions of America. Its main diet is maize; it reproduces at a great rate in stored maize cobs. Attempts were made to control this pest usingAcorus calamus oil and its main ingredient β-asarone, as the use of similar oils has been shown to arrest the development of other insects. Vapourising the maize kernels and cobs was unsuccessful and in some cases led to a significant increase in the destruction of maize and the reproduction of beetles. However vapourisation killed hungry beetles within 3 days; short periods of treatment achieved a high rate of pest destruction, leaving the survivors with a reduced appetite and reproductive rate. Spraying of maize cobs did not prevent infestation; beetles able to infect these cobs reproduced normally. Success was only achieved by spraying maize kernels, usingAcorus calamus oil dosed at 750 mg per kilo maize; damage was then restricted to 5%.     

Rinden- und holzbohrende Insektenarten in Kiefern (Pinus halepensis,P. brutia undP. nigra) nach Waldbränden in Griechenland

Zusammenfassung Aus Holzproben von waldbrand-geschädigten Bäumen dreier Kiefernarten (Pinus halepensis, P. brutia undP. nigra) aus verschieden hoch gelegenen Regionen Griechenlands wurden 24 Arten von rinden- und holzbrütenden Insekten gezogen. Mit Ausnahme der HolzwespeSirex noctilio gehörten alle den Käfern (Coleoptera) an mit den 3 Hauptfamilien Scolytidae (8 Arten), Buprestidae (7) und Cerambycidae (6). Die Verteilung und Umweltansprüche der 24 Insektenarten wurden näher betrachtet.

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Insects attacking burnt pine trees (Pinus halepensis, P. brutia andP. nigra) in Greece

After a long lasting study of a great number ofPinus halepensis, P. brutia andP. nigra trees which were burnt or damaged by the developed high temperatures during forest fires in Greece, there were identified 24 species of bark and wood boring insects. Except one hymenopterous the rest were beetles (Coleoptera) which principally belonged to the families Scolytidae, Buprestidae and Cerambycidae.

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Mit einer Tabelle und einer Abbildung

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Gefördert durch das griechische Landwirtschaftsministerium; supported by the Greek Ministry of Agriculture.