基于全球导航卫星系统的智能化精细平地系统优化与试验

农田土地精细平整是中国现代地面精细灌溉的重要基础,能提高农田灌溉均匀度,改良土壤水盐分布,控制杂草,达到节水增产的效果。应用GNSS(global navigation satellite system,全球导航卫星系统)技术进行土地精细平整具有不受天气影响、测量速度快、工作效率高等优点,具有广泛应用前景。该文结合中国土地平整的实际情况和前期的研究成果,开发了适合国内应用的GNSS控制平地系统,降低了研发的设备成本,优化完善了平地系统的功能。为减少分立设备数量,提高系统集成度,设计了集成控制终端,集成GNSS接收模块、差分电台模块、核心处理平台和阀控制模块,并设计了集成控制终端的外壳,通过可旋转调整支架固定在拖拉机驾驶室内,具有良好的防尘、降温和牢固等优点;为完善地形测量功能,增加了测量轨迹的实时显示,以及农田面积等地势信息的计算,便于指导后续平整作业;优化了基准设计,建立了坡面平整的数学模型,实现了任意坡度坡面平整。优化后的系统主要由集成控制终端、自主差分GNSS接收设备、液压系统以及平地铲运设备几部分构成;以Visual Studio2008为系统软件开发环境,GNSS精细平整集成软件能够实现农田地势测量、基准设计及平整作业等功能。该智能平地系统在中国农业大学上庄试验站进行了长时间平整实验,平面平整后最大高程差从20.9降到10.5 cm,高程标准差从10.6降到5.5 cm,平地误差小于5 cm的测点累积百分比从77%上升到90%左右,平整效果良好。坡面平整的坡度从0.239%降到0.120%,符合设计要求。结果表明,系统工作稳定可靠,作业精度满足土地精细平整要求,适用于在中国推广应用。     

宋式木构屋盖自重及材份制相似关系

依据宋代《营造法式》,设计了4种试验用宋式木构足尺及比例模型并确定了相应的屋盖形式;因屋面瓦和铺衬在雨雪天吸水而使屋盖重量加大,提出了考虑使用期和施工期不同工况计算屋盖重量;分析了《营造法式》中黄松与华北落叶松的关系,引入应县木塔柱轴力并与实际计算的屋盖重量对比,初步推定了《营造法式》中各材等间按照确定的相似准则在荷载效应上存在对应关系。结果可为计算宋式类似木构屋盖重量提供借鉴,为进一步探索材份制中的相似关系和木结构模型相似系数提供参考。     

秸秆还田和不同耕作方式对稻麦轮作田土壤杂草种子库的影响

为了研究苏州和南通地区的稻麦轮作田不同耕作方式和秸秆还田条件下土壤杂草种子库特征,采用田间取样、温室诱萌法对主要杂草进行统计分析。结果表明:免耕、旋耕和翻耕处理下春季杂草中优势种均为牛繁缕,秋季杂草中优势种分别为异型莎草、水虱草和千金子;土壤杂草种子库密度依次为免耕>旋耕>翻耕,但翻耕处理春季杂草比例大于免耕处理。耕作方式显著影响杂草种子的垂直分布,免耕处理随着土壤深度加深杂草种子数呈明显下降趋势;旋耕处理0~5 cm土层杂草种子数量略多于6~10 cm土层,明显多于11~15 cm和16~20 cm土层;翻耕田中11~15 cm土层杂草种子数量最多,比例达37.21%。秸秆还田增加土壤杂草种子数量,免耕、旋耕、翻耕、深翻耕处理春季杂草种子库密度分别比对照增加了5.5%、6.2%、5.9%、4.2%,秋季杂草种子库密度增加了7.0%、6.6%、4.5%、3.3%。     

铁在苹果树器官中的定量研究

成龄苹果树整株分析结果表明 ,果实、叶片、枝干、根系的鲜重分别占整株鲜重的 42 .0 9%、6 .33%、38.81%、12 .77% ,以果实占鲜重的比例最大 ,单株鲜重为 2 0 7.90kg ;果实、叶片、枝干、根系的干重分别占整株干重的 19.5 1%、6 .45 %、5 7.30 %、16 .75 % ,以枝干占干重的比例最大 ,单株干重 84.37kg ,单株含水量 12 3.5 5kg。铁浓度以直径 <0 .5cm的根最高 ,达 2 5 7.5 1mg/kg ,其次为叶片 ,达 2 14.0 9mg/kg ,果实中铁浓度最低 ,为 18.2 7mg/kg;单株总铁含量 4915 .78mg,叶、果、根、枝干中铁含量分别为 116 4.6 5、30 0 .72、15 0 0 .30、1949.6 0mg ,分别占单株总铁量的2 3 .70 %、6 .12 %、30 .5 2 %和 39.6 6 %。     

基于Jetson Nano处理器的大蒜鳞芽朝向调整装置设计与试验

为满足大蒜定向播种的农艺要求,针对现有大蒜鳞芽调整方法对杂交蒜适应性差的问题,该研究设计了一种基于Jetson Nano处理器的大蒜鳞芽朝向自动调整装置.采用双卷积神经网络模型结构,其中一个神经网络模型对大蒜是否被喂入进行实时监测,检测到大蒜喂入调整装置后,一个ResNet-18网络模型对蒜种鳞芽朝向进行判断,当鳞芽朝...     

雪山草鸡感染传染性法氏囊病病毒新型变异株的鉴定

传染性法氏囊病病毒(infectious bursal disease virus,IBDV)新型变异株正在我国广泛蔓延,给商品肉鸡群和蛋鸡群带来了新的威胁.本研究对一个疑似发生非典型传染性法氏囊病的地方品种雪山草鸡群进行了RT-PCR检测,并对分离的3株毒株进行了基因测序及序列分析.结果显示,引起该鸡群发病的病原是I...     

Characteristics of runoff and sediment generation of forest vegetation on a hill slope by use of artificial rainfall apparatus

We studied the impact of forest vegetation on soil erosion,surface runoff, and sediment generation by using field simulated rainfall apparatus. We measured runoff and sediment generation of five 4.5 × 2.1m runoff plots (a bare soil as a control; two Pinus tabulaeformis forestplots and two Platycladus orientalis forest with row spacing of 1 m × 1m and 1.5 m × 1.5 m, respectively) in Beijing Jiu Feng National ForestPark under three rainfall intensities (0.42, 0.83, 1.26 mm per minute).Forest vegetation significantly reduced soil erosion and sediment yield.Mean total runoff volume in the four tree stand plots was 93% of that inthe control plot, demonstrating the limited effectiveness of forest vegetation in runoff control. With increasing rainfall intensity, runoff reductionin forest plots declined from 28.32% to 2.1%. Similar trends in runoff coefficient and the relationship between runoff volume and rainfall duration was observed. Mean total sediment yield and mean sediment yield reduction rate under different treatments was 55.05% and 43.17% of those in the bare soil control plot, respectively. Rainfall intensity playedan important role in runoff and sediment generation processes, and had agreater impact on runoff than on soil erosion and sediment generation.When considering several factors in runoff and sediment transport processes, the P. tabulae form plot with row spacing at 1 × 1 m had a greater effect on soil and water conservation than did other forested plots.     

豫西高山夏季番茄育苗温度适宜度定量评价

高温是夏季蔬菜育苗的主要障碍因子,利用高海拔地区夏季气候冷凉优势,发展适地育苗是优化蔬菜种苗基地布局的重要方向。为了科学利用高山夏季气候优势,探明夏季高山育苗的温度适宜性及对幼苗生长的影响,该文以番茄为试材,于2016、2017两个年度,分别于高海拔(海拔998 m)和平原地区(海拔98 m)的同一类型的塑料大棚内进行了4茬育苗试验。运用温度适宜度模型和游程理论对温度特征进行了定量分析,探讨了气温和根际温度适宜度与番茄幼苗生长的关系。结果表明:夏季高山育苗设施内气温和根际的夜间均温比平原分别低了16.14%、18.99%,差异达极显著水平。育苗期间高山温度适宜度为163.64%(白天+夜间+根际),是平原的2.23倍;不适宜度为13.34%(白天+夜间+根际),比平原降低了88.73%。播后28 d,高山番茄幼苗全株干物质积累量是平原的1.39倍,壮苗指数是平原的1.34倍,可溶性糖含量比平原高37.91%,根系活力比平原提高了65.42%。白天温度适宜度与幼苗干物质(r=0.774)及地上干质量(r=0.773)的积累量,夜间温度适宜度与根冠比(r=0.934)及地下干物质(r=0.808)的积累量相关性均达极显著水平。高山培育的番茄幼苗定植后开花节位显著减低,开花数、坐果数和坐果率显著增加。综上,夏季利用高海拔地区气候冷凉优势是培育蔬菜壮苗的有效的途径,该研究为高海拔地区夏季开展蔬菜集约化育苗提供了参考。     

Effect of l‐ascorbyl‐2‐polyphosphate supplementation on growth performance,body composition,antioxidative capacity and salinity stress tolerance of juvenile Pacific white shrimp,Litopenaeus vannamei

An 8‐week feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of ascorbic acid (AsA), in the form of l ‐ascorbyl‐2‐polyphosphate (LAPP) on growth performance, body composition, antioxidative capacity and salinity stress tolerance of juvenile Pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei. Five practical diets (46% crude protein and 7.6% lipid) supplemented with graded levels of AsA (14.64, 48.55, 84.98, 308.36 and 639.27 mg kg^?1 diet) were fed to five replicate groups of L. vannamei (mean initial wet weight 0.57 g). No significant differences were found on growth performance among all treatments. However, whole body lipid content significantly decreased with dietary AsA levels increasing. Activities of total antioxidant capacity, glutathione reductase and glutathione peroxidase were significantly affected by dietary AsA levels. Shrimp fed LAPP‐free diet had higher malondialdehyde content than those fed the diets supplemented with LAPP. Dietary AsA levels higher than 308.36 mg kg^?1 diet increased the survival of shrimps after 1, 2 and 3 h of acute salinity change. Broken‐line regression analysis on survival after 3 h of salinity stress and second‐degree polynomial regression analysis on glutathione reductase data indicated that the optimal dietary AsA requirement of L. vannamei was estimated to be 306.39, 319.75 mg kg^?1 diet respectively.     

绿茶酒生产工艺的研究

对绿茶酒生产工艺进行了研究,确定了绿茶酒最佳工艺参数。采用热水浸提法提取,酒精发酵采用活性干酵母添加量6%,初始糖度为20%,发酵温度为28℃,酒精发酵时间为7d,体积分数为9.0%。成品酒呈亮黄色,具有茶和酒的香气,茶酒味适中。