Suppression of free fatty acid-induced insulin resistance by phytopolyphenols in C2C12 mouse skeletal muscle cells

It was reported that increased plasma levels of free fatty acids (FFAs) are associated with profound insulin resistance in skeletal muscle and may also play a critical role in the insulin resistance of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Skeletal muscle is the major site for insulin-stimulated glucose uptake and is involved in energy regulation and homeostasis. In this study, we used 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA), a protein kinase C (PKC) activator, and palmitate to induce insulin resistance in C2C12 mouse skeletal muscle cells. Our data show that epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and curcumin treatment reduce insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) Ser307 phosphorylation, and curcumin is more potent to increase Akt phosphorylation in TPA induction. Moreover, we found that after 5 h of palmitate incubation, epicatechin gallate (ECG) can suppress IRS-1 Ser307 phosphorylation and significantly promote Akt, ERK1/2, p38 MAPK, and AMP-activated protein kinase activation. With a longer incubation with palmitate, IRS-1 exhibited a dramatic depletion, and treatment with EGCG, ECG, and curcumin could reverse IRS-1 expression, Akt phosphorylation, and MAPK signaling cascade activation and improve glucose uptake in C2C12 skeletal muscle cells, especially ECG and curcumin. In addition, treatment with these polyphenols can suppress acetyl-CoA carboxylase activation, but only EGCG could inhibit lipid accumulation in the intracellular site. These findings may suggest that curcumin shows the best capacity to improve FFA-induced insulin resistance than the other two, and ECG was more effective than EGCG in attenuating insulin resistance.     

关于建立安徽统筹城乡发展支撑体系的研究

安徽省是个农业大省，城乡发展的不平衡性一直比较突出，制约了全省经济持续快速发展。统筹城乡发展，既是我省解决“三农”问题突破口，也是全面建设小康社会的一个重大战略举措。本文提出通过建立城乡统筹的支撑体系，逐步实现城乡协调发展。     

JEV、PPV、PRRSV、PRV多联PCR的应用研究

用 JEV、PRRSV二联 PCR,PPV、PRV二联 PCR以及这 4种病毒 4联 PCR对来自内蒙、广州、广西、天津、北京、吉林病料进行检测 ,共检了 1 4 6份病料。其中 PRRSV阳性 7份 ,PPV阳性 1 2份 ,PRV阳性 2 1份 ,PRV和 PPV混合感染 4份。并对 5份人工接种 JEV小鼠病料检测 ,其中 4份为阳性。随后对部分阳性 PCR扩增产物进行点杂交和核苷酸测序鉴定 ,证实了 PCR扩增准确性。对内蒙 PRRSV阳性扩增带测序结果显示 ,我国流行 PRRSV为美洲型 ,在扩增片段的核苷酸序列上有 3个碱基差异     

西农莎能奶山羊遗传检测的研究

通过对西农莎能奶山羊九个血液蛋白位点和四项外形特征的遗传抽样检测，结果表明：西农莎能奶山羊在七个血液蛋白位点和四项外形特征上具有多态性，并存在有原种瑞士莎能奶山羊不具有的Ｈｂ￣Ｂ和Ｔｆ￣Ｂ基因，以及其他莎能羊种中不具有的Ａｃｐ￣Ａ和Ｃａｔ￣Ｂ基因。     

基因型对陆地棉花药离体培养反应的影响

对２７种棉花基因型的花药在离体培养中的反应进行了比较,结果表明：所有的基因型在合适的培养条件下均能高频率地形成愈伤组织,但不同基因型间愈伤组织诱导率和诱导量不同;再生植株的花药比原始亲本的花药易诱导出愈伤组织;品种间杂种表现出部分优势,但不明显。本试验中,仅鲁棉６号和Ｓｉｏｋｒａ１－３两个品种诱导获得了胚性愈伤组织、胚状体和再生植株,且二者之间也存在着差别。从基因型在棉花花药培养中的效应、外界调控对棉花不同基因型花药培养效果的影响、棉花花药培养与体细胞培养基因型差异的比较等三个方面进行了讨论,提出了棉花花药培养愈伤组织诱导和植株再生是受两套遗传基因控制的遗传性状,并提出了棉花组织培养植株再生的阈值问题     

泾河流域径流-泥沙的尺度效应研究

[目的]分析泾河流域径流和泥沙的尺度效应,并通过突变检测确定突变时间点,对比突变前后水沙尺度效应的变化,为气候变化和人类活动对水沙尺度效应研究提供支持。[方法]收集整理了泾河流域1958—2013年的水沙资料,基于流域水沙异源的特性,将流域分成南北两个分支,分别探讨2条分支水沙的尺度效应,并通过Mann-Kendall突变检验方法计算出突变时间点,对比突变前后尺度效应的异同。[结果](1)南北两分支的径流—泥沙之间的尺度效应具有反向关系。北支(洪德—张家山)的产流模数随面积增加表现为线性增加,南支(三关口—张家山)的产流模数随面积增加表现出对数函数关系,随集水面积增大产流模数先快速减小后缓慢减小。北支的产沙模数随面积增加表现为线性减少,南支的产沙模数随面积增加表现出幂函数关系,即随面积增大产沙模数先快速增加后缓慢增加;(2)突变后水沙都比突变前出现了不同程度的减少,突变前后水沙的尺度效应大部分具有相同的拟合函数关系式,仅南支的产沙模数由突变前的最优二项式函数拟合转变为突变后的线性函数。[结论]气候变化和人类活动的共同作用不同程度的改变了泾河流域径流—泥沙的尺度效应。     

Antioxidant content and free radical scavenging ability of fresh red pummelo [Citrus grandis (L.) Osbeck] juice and freeze-dried products

The antioxidative phytochemicals in various fruits and vegetables are widely recognized for their role in scavenging free radicals, which are involved in the etiology of many chronic diseases. Colored fruits are especially considered a quality trait that correlates with their nutritional values and health benefits. The specific aim of this study was to investigate the antioxidants in the juice and freeze-dried flesh and peel of red pummelo and their ability to scavenge free radicals and compare them with those in white pummelo juice. The total phenolic content of red pummelo juice extracted by methanol (8.3 mg/mL) was found to be significantly higher than that of white pummelo juice (5.6 mg/mL). The carotenoid content of red pummelo juice was also significantly higher than that in white pummelo juice. The contents of vitamin C and delta-tocopherol in red pummelo juice were 472 and 0.35 mug/mL, respectively. The ability of the antioxidants found in red pummelo juice to scavenge radicals were found by methanol extraction to approximate that of BHA and vitamin C with a rapid rate in a kinetic model. The ability of methanol extracts of freeze-dried peel and flesh from red pummelo to scavenge these radicals was 20-40% that of BHA and vitamin C effects. Fresh red pummelo juice is an excellent source of antioxidant compounds and exhibited great efficiency in scavenging different forms of free radicals including DPPH, superoxide anion, and hydrogen peroxide radicals.     

植物体细胞胚发生与内源激素的关系研究进展

概述了不同外植体和体胚发生特定部位的内源激素水平、胚性和非胚性愈伤组织的内源激素差异、体胚发生过程中内源激素的变化、内源激素间的平衡等与体胚发生能力的关系以及多胺在植物体胚发生中的作用，并对目前研究中存在的问题进行了讨论。     

Effect of Adding Different Dietary Fiber Sources on Farinographic Parameters of Wheat Flour

Breadmaking is a complex process that involves a series of parameters that must be controlled. Rheological measurements are often used to predict the behavior of wheat dough during processing and the quality of the final product. There are many different dietary fiber sources that can be used to enhance the nutritional quality of bread. However, they will affect processing and final product quality. Response surface methodology (RSM) was employed to study the effects of adding different dietary fiber sources (wheat bran, resistant starch, and locust bean gum) on farinographic parameters of wheat flour. The experiments were conducted according to a 2³ central composite rotational design (CCRD). With the experimental results or responses (farinographic parameters), the effect of each variable was calculated and the interactions between them were determined. Models that explain the effects of the different fiber sources on water absorption, arrival time, dough development time, and mixing tolerance index of wheat flour were established. The fiber sources interacted for some of the parameters analyzed, demonstrating that if two or more sources of dietary fiber are present in the mix, they might act different to what would be expected of the sum of them. It was also noticed that for most parameters, wheat bran and locust bean gum had a greater influence on farinographic parameters than resistant starch. The simultaneous presence of the three fibers, within the ranges studied, contributed to an increase in water absorption, arrival time, and mixing tolerance index, and to a reduction in departure time and dough stability.     

东北白桦变色菌的分离方法

针对白桦木材易变色的特点,探讨了东北白桦变色菌的分离方法。结果表明：分离变色茵时采用80%的酒精液作为表面消毒剂比采用0．1%的升汞液更为适宜；采用PDA作为分离培养基较为适宜。