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751.
Solid-state polymerization of poly(trimethylene terephthalate)(PTT) was carried out to obtain high molecular weight polymers.
Two kinds of commercial PTT chips were polymerized in the solid state by the heat treatment at 190∼220°C for various times
and they were characterized by end group content, molecular weight, thermal analysis, and X-ray diffraction. In the solid-state
polymerization of PTT, the overall reaction rate was governed by the solid-state polymerization temperature and time, and
pellet size. The content of carboxyl end groups decreased during the solid-state polymerization with increasing solid-state
polymerization temperature and time. The melting temperature and crystallinity of the PTT were higher for the ones treated
at higher temperature and longer time. The activation energy for the solid-state polymerization of PTT was in the range of
24∼25 kcal/mol for both chips. Through the solid-state polymerization of commercial PTT chips, high molecular weight polymers
up to an intrinsic viscosity of 1.63 dl/g was obtained, which corresponded to about a 117,000 weight-average molecular weight. 相似文献
752.
The application of Electrostatic Force Microscopy (EFM) was studied in analyzing the corona-charged polypropylene fiber. Electrostatic
force gradient images were obtained from the phase shifts with the varied bias voltages applied to the EFM cantilever by the
noncontact scans. A mathematical expression to model the EFM phase shifts as a function of the applied tip bias voltages was
introduced. EFM analysis was used to test the hypothesis that the solvent-induced efficiency deterioration of electret filter
media originates from charge deterioration. EFM investigation produced evidence that exposure to isopropanol in the liquid
phase affected the electrostatic charges on fibers. Exposure to organic solvents in liquid phase is thought to increase chain
and charge mobility in polypropylene fibers, thereby reducing the electrostatic charge and the particle capture ability. 相似文献
753.
Faheem A. Sheikh Nasser A. M. Barakat Muzafar A. Kanjwal S. J. Park Hern Kim Hak Yong Kim 《Fibers and Polymers》2010,11(3):384-390
Gallium arsenide (GaAs) does have superior electronic properties compared with silicon. For instant, it has a higher saturated
electron velocity and higher electron mobility. Weak mechanical properties and high production cost are the main drawbacks
of this interesting semiconductor. In this study, we are introducing production of GaAs nanofibers by electrospinning methodology
as a very low cost and yielding distinct product technique. In general, nano-fibrous shape is strongly improving the physical
properties due to the high surface area to volume ratio of this nanostructure. The mechanical and environmental properties
of the GaAs compound have been modified since GaAs nanofibers have been produced as a core inside a poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)
shell. GaAs/PVA nanofibers were prepared by electrospinning of gallium nitrate/PVA solution in presence of arsenic vapor.
The whole process was carried out in a closed hood equipped with nitrogen environment. FT-IR, XPS, TGA and UV-Vis spectroscopy
analyses were utilized to confirm formation of GaAs compound. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) analysis has revealed
that the synthesized GaAs compound is crystalline and does have nano-fibrous shape as a core inside PVA nanofibers. To precisely
recommend the prepared GaAs nanofiber mats to be utilized in different applications, we have measured the electric conductivity
and the band gap energies of the prepared nanofiber mats. Overall, the obtained results affirmed that the proposed strategy
successfully remedied the drawbacks of the reported GaAs structures and did not affect the main physical properties of this
important semiconductor. 相似文献
754.
Muzafar A. Kanjwal Nasser A. M. Barakat Faheem A. Sheikh Woo-il Baek Myung Seob Khil Hak Yong Kim 《Fibers and Polymers》2010,11(5):700-709
As titanium oxide is a well-known photocatalyst, we investigated the effects of silver content and nanostructural morphology
on the photocatalytic degradation of two dyes, methylene blue and rhodamine B. Two nano-formulations were utilized, including
nanofibers and nanoparticles. Silver-grafted titanium oxide nanofibers were synthesized using the electrospinning of silver
nitrate/titanium isopropoxide/poly(vinyl acetate) sol-gel. The nanoparticulate form was obtained by calcination of a ground
powder prepared from the same electrospun sol-gel. The results affirmed the advantage of the silver-grafted titanium oxide
nanostructures over the silver-free ones. Increasing the silver content in the nanofibers led to increases in their surface
area, which is an important parameter in heterogeneous catalytic chemical reactions. Therefore, the results strongly suggest
the use of silver-grafted titanium oxide in a nanofibrous form. These results further support utilizing Agloaded titanium
oxide nanofibers as a photocatalyst. 相似文献
755.
Agarases are the enzymes which catalyze the hydrolysis of agar. They are classified into α-agarase (E.C. 3.2.1.158) and β-agarase (E.C. 3.2.1.81) according to the cleavage pattern. Several agarases have been isolated from different genera of bacteria found in seawater and marine sediments, as well as engineered microorganisms. Agarases have wide applications in food industry, cosmetics, and medical fields because they produce oligosaccharides with remarkable activities. They are also used as a tool enzyme for biological, physiological, and cytological studies. The paper reviews the category, source, purification method, major characteristics, and application fields of these native and gene cloned agarases in the past, present, and future. 相似文献
756.
José L. Chávez Francis J. Pierce Todd V. Elliott Robert G. Evans Yunseop Kim William M. Iversen 《Precision Agriculture》2010,11(1):11-26
Precision irrigation systems can have inherent errors that affect the accuracy of variable water application rates controllers,
as well as affect the controllers’ performance when evaluated on different continuous move irrigation systems configurations.
The objective of this study was to assess the performance of a remote irrigation monitoring and control system (RIMCS) installed
on two separate linear move (LM) irrigation systems. The RIMCS varies water application rates by pulsing nozzles controlled
by solenoids connected via relays to a single board computer (SBC) with wireless Ethernet connection to a remote server. The
system also monitors irrigation system flow, pressure, position and wireless field sensor networks. The system was installed
on a LM irrigation system in Prosser, Washington, USA and on a LM in the Nesson Valley of North Dakota, USA. For the LM at
Prosser, four pre-defined irrigation patterns were imposed and variable rates were applied as a percentage of the nozzle base
application rate. Each nozzle was pulsed across the span length and along the LM travel direction. For the LM at the Nesson
Valley, a quadratic pattern was imposed pulsing banks of nozzles along the LM travel direction. Standard catch can tests were
performed and the system performance was evaluated by comparing measured catch can water depths with pre-determined target
values. The RIMCS accuracy was found to be in the range of the LM uniform water depth application uniformity coefficients
of 88–96%. The RIMCS was successfully transferred to another LM in North Dakota as indicated by the relatively low variable
rate application errors of –8.8 ± 8.1% and −0.14 ± 6.7% for the two spans. 相似文献
757.
M. Her D.‐H. Cho S.‐I. Kang J.‐S. Lim H.‐J. Kim Y.‐S. Cho I.‐Y. Hwang T. Lee S.‐C. Jung H.‐S. Yoo 《Zoonoses and public health》2010,57(3):155-161
Seven of 18 elk on a deer farm were found by the official Rose‐Bengal agglutination test (RBT) and tube agglutination test to be brucellosis reactors/suspects. Evaluation with the competitive ELISA (C‐ELISA) and the fluorescence polarization assay (FPA) tests revealed that six and five sera were positive respectively. The seven reactors/ suspects were slaughtered and their blood and tissues were collected. Brucella species could be isolated from three of the slaughtered animals, with nine isolates being obtained from the popliteal, supramammary and submandibular lymph nodes, vaginal discharge, mammary tissue and spleen. Brucella genus‐specific PCR based on 16S rRNA and AMOS‐PCR, which is specific for differential Brucella species, revealed that all nine isolates were Brucella abortus. These nine were further confirmed to be B. abortus biovar 1 by classical biotyping scheme assays. This is the first report of an outbreak of brucellosis in domestic elk in Korea. Our observations suggest that deer should be included in the routine Brucella surveillance programme for the effective control and prevention of brucellosis in Korea. 相似文献
758.
Rajangam Udayakumar Sampath Kasthurirengan Ayyappan Vasudevan Thankaraj Salammal Mariashibu Jesudass Joseph Sahaya Rayan Chang Won Choi Andy Ganapathi Sei Chang Kim 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》2010,65(2):91-98
The phenolic compounds and flavonoids were determined from the extracts of Withania somnifera root (WSREt) and leaf (WSLEt). The WSREt has 28.26 mg/g total phenolic compounds and 17.32 mg/g flavonoids, whereas WSLEt
has 5.4 mg/g total phenolic compounds and 5.1 mg/g flavonoids. The WSREt, WSLEt and glibenclamide were orally administered
daily to diabetic rats for 8 weeks. After the treatment, the levels of urine sugar, blood glucose, liver glycogen, and antioxidants
like vitamin C and E in plasma and superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS),
glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and reduced glutathione (GSH) in liver, kidney and heart were
determined. Diabetic rats showed a significant (p < 0.05) elevation in glucose and TBARS and a significant (p < 0.05) reduction in glycogen, vitamin C and E, SOD, CAT, GPx, GST, and GSH levels when compared to normal control rats. Administration
of WSREt, WSLEt and glibenclamide to diabetic rats restored the levels to normal. In the light of aforesaid facts, it is suggested
that the presence of phenolic compounds including flavonoids in W. somnifera root and leaf extracts and their antioxidant activity may play a vital role in reduction of blood glucose level in alloxan-induced
diabetic rats. 相似文献
759.
Hyeok Ran Kwon Gyung Ja Choi Yong Ho Choi Kyoung Soo Jang Nack‐Do Sung Mun Seong Kang Yilseong Moon Seung Kyu Lee Jin‐Cheol Kim 《Pest management science》2010,66(6):634-639
BACKGROUND: Pine wilt disease (PWD) is very complex and has been reported to be caused by pine wood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus (Steiner & Buhrer) Nickle, and its accompanying bacteria. However, there is no report on the control of PWD by antibacterial agent. The present study was performed to investigate disease control efficacy of antibacterial agents against PWD. RESULTS: Among six antibacterial antibiotics tested, oxolinic acid (OA) showed the strongest antibacterial activity against five bacteria isolated from three strains of pine wood nematode. In in vivo assay, it effectively suppressed the development of PWD in three‐year‐old seedlings of Pinus densiflora Sieb. & Zucc.; it showed 71% control when injected at 3 mg per seedling. A mixture of OA and the nematicidal agent abamectin (Ab) showed higher disease control efficacy against PWD than either OA or Ab alone. In addition, OA alone and a mixture of OA and Ab also controlled PWD in approximately 20‐year‐old pine trees under field conditions. CONCLUSION: This is the first report on the suppression of PWD by OA. The result strongly indicates that PWD could be controlled by antibacterial antibiotic alone and a combination of antibacterial and nematicidal agents. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
760.
Jundae Lee Jae Bok Yoon Jung-Heon Han Won Phil Lee Sang Hoon Kim Hyo Guen Park 《Euphytica》2010,173(1):55-61
Genic male sterility (GMS) has long been used as a tool for hybrid seed production in chili pepper (Capsicum annuum L.). We developed DNA markers linked to the GMS ms
3
gene in a segregating population using bulked segregant analysis (BSA) and amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP)
techniques. The segregating population was subjected to BSA-AFLP with 512 primer combinations. Three AFLP markers (Eagg/Mccc276, Eagc/Mctt178, and Ecag/Mtgc204) were identified as tightly linked to the ms
3
locus. Among them, we converted the AFLP marker Ecag/Mtgc204 to the cleavage amplified polymorphic sequence (CAPS) marker, named GMS3-CAPS, based on sequencing analysis of internal and
flanking regions for the markers between male-fertile and sterile plants. This marker will be useful for pepper breeding using
the GMS system. 相似文献